advances and trends in engineering materials and their

Advances and Trends in Engineering Materials and their Applications Edited by Y. M. Haddad University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada

AES Transactions

AES – ATEMA International Conference Series ISBN 978-0-9780479-5-5 (CD-ROM) & 978-0-9780479-6-2 (Hard COPY)

Proceedings of AES – ATEMA Fourth International Conference: Hamburg, Germany (September 01 - 04, 2009)

Advanced Engineering Solutions Ottawa, Canada

Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Advances and Trends in Engineering Materials and their Applications (AES-ATEMA’ 2009 Fourth International Conference) Hamburg, Germany: September 01 - 04, 2009 Conference Co-chairs: Professor Dr. Y. M. Haddad, P. Eng. (University of Ottawa, Canada, and University of Darmstadt, Germany) & Professor Dr.-Ing. Wilfried Becker (University of Darmstadt, Germany) A record of this book is available from Library and Archives Canada ISBN 978-0-9780479-5-5 (CD-ROM) or 978-0-9780479-6-2 (Hard COPY) Published by Advanced Engineering Solutions (Ottawa, Canada) Sold and distributed by Advanced Engineering Solutions (Ottawa, Canada) For all information pertinent to this publication, please contact the editor: Prof. Dr. Y. M. Haddad, P. Eng. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5 Email: [email protected]; [email protected] ______________________________________________________________________ All rights are reserved © 2009 Advanced Engineering Solutions (Ottawa, Canada) No part of the material published in this CD-ROM/Book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisher Printed in Canada

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© AES-Advanced Engineering Solutions (Ottawa, Canada) All rights are reserved.

Preface _____________________________________________________________ We wish to express our sincere gratitude to all the delegates of AES-ATEMA’2009 (Hamburg) International Conference for their valuable contributions which made the Conference outstandingly successful. We trust that all delegates had a unique experience in this Conference, both scientifically and culturally. The AES-ATEMA Conference Series is sponsored and administered by Advanced Engineering Solutions (Ottawa, Canada) within the mission of AES Technical Reviews International Journal Series (ISSN 1915-5409). In this regard, We wish to express our full indebtedness to Advanced Engineering Solutions (Ottawa, Canada) and also to the members of the International Editorial Board of AES Technical Reviews International Journal We hope that the work presented in this CD-ROM/ book will provide guidance to science and engineering students, educators and researchers who are working in the field. We hope also that this CD-ROM/ book will be of significant value to scientists and engineers who are involved in the production, processing of engineering materials and the study of their properties and pertinent applications. Co-chairs: AES- ATEMA’ 2009 (Hamburg) Fourth International Conference: Prof. Dr. Yehia Haddad, P. Eng. DFG Mercator Professor Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany *Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada and Prof. Dr.- Ing. Wilfried Becker Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany Acknowledgements

The experimental SEM-icon appearing on each article and on the front cover of this Proceedings was kindly provided by Dr. Fernando A. Lasagni of IbJrica del Espacio S. A., Madrid, Spain.

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© AES-Advanced Engineering Solutions (Ottawa, Canada) All rights are reserved

AES Technical Reviews International Journal (Series)* ISSN 1915-5409

“AES Technical Reviews” is an international refereed journal series dedicated to advances in engineering and interdisciplinary research. It is principally sponsored by “AES -Advanced Engineering Solutions” with headquarters in Ottawa, Canada. AES Technical Reviews International Journal Series is currently inviting articles for publication in the following journals: Part A: International Journal of Nano and Advanced Engineering Materials (IJNAEM) – ISSN 1916-5358 Part B: International Journal of Advances in Mechanics and Applications of Industrial Materials (IJAMAIM) – ISSN 1718-5505 Part C: International Journal of Advances and Trends in Engineering Materials and their Applications (IJATEMA) – ISSN 1916-5366 Part D: International Journal of Reliability and Safety of Engineering Systems and Structures (IJRSESS) – ISSN 1916-5374 *Copies of published AES Technical Reviews International Journal Series issues are available at Library and Archives Canada (Bibliothèque et Archives Canada). Authors are invited to submit their work to:

Professor Dr. Y. M. Haddad, P. Eng.

Series Editor Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Ottawa Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5

[email protected] [email protected]

www.genie.uottawa.ca/~haddad http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~yhaddad/AESTR_About.htm

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AES Technical Reviews International Journal (ISSN 1915-5409)

INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD

Professor Nabil Bassim University of Manitoba, Canada Professor Wilfried Becker Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany Dr. Christos Chamis NASA Glenn Research Center, USA Professor Fu-Kuo Chang Stanford University, USA Professor Roberto Contro Technical University of Milan, Italy Professor Yehia M. Haddad University of Ottawa, Canada Professor David Hui University of New Orleans, USA Professor Fujiu Ke BeiHang University, PR China Professor Akhtar Khan UMBC – University of Maryland, USA Professor Michal Kotoul Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic Professor Gerard Maugin Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France Professor Sergei Mileiko Solid State Physics Institute, Russia Professor José Moya Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Spain Professor Alfonso Nappi Universita’ degli Studi di Trieste, Italy

Professor Lucio Nobile University of Bologna, Italy Professor George Papanicolaou University of Patras, Greece Professor Valdim Potapov Moscow State University of Communications Means, Russia Professor Olli Saarela HUT – Technical University of Helsinki, Finland Professor Shinsuke Sakai University of Tokyo, Japan Professor Yasuhide Shindo Tohoku University, Japan Professor George Sih Lehigh University, USA East China University of Science and Technology, PR China Dr. Rer. Nat. Ewa Soppa Materialprfüngsanstält (MPA) - Universitat Stuttgart, Germany Professor Costas Spyropoulos National Technical University of Athens, Greece Professor Yoshihiro Tomita Kobe University, Japan Professor Yue-Sheng Wang Beijing Jiaotong University, PR China Professor Andrew Wilczynski Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Professor Anastasius Youtsos Democritus University, Greece

AES-ATEMA’2009 Fourth International Conference (Hamburg, Germany: September 01 - 04, 2009)

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AES - Transactions The AES-ATEMA International Conference Series on Advances and Trends of Engineering Materials and their Applications ISBN 0-9780479 ________________________________________________________________________ The AES-ATEMA International Conference Series is sponsored by the refereed AES Technical Reviews International Journal Series (ISSN 1915-5409) detailed on page 6 of this proceedings. Both series are dedicated to advances in engineering and the sciences, together with pertinent interdisciplinary research. They are principally sponsored by “AES – Advanced Engineering Solutions, Ottawa, Canada”. Preceding AES-ATEMA International Conferences: AES-ATEMA’2007 First International Conference (McGill University, Montreal, Canada: August 06 – 10, 2007) AES-ATEMA’2008 Second International Conference (Bologna University, Cesena, Italy: September 01 – 05, 2008) AES-ATEMA’2009 Third International Conference (McGill University, Montreal, Canada: July 06 – 10, 2009)

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Opening Welcome to AES – ATEMA’ 2009 Fourth International Conference (Advances and Trends in Engineering Materials and their Applications: Hamburg, Germany: September 01 - 04, 2009) _______________________________________________________ On behalf of the International Editorial Board of AES Technical Reviews International Journal, the International and Local Organizing Committees of AES – ATEMA’ 2009 (Hamburg) Fourth International Conference, We wish to cordially welcome all delegates to this very important international conference which, following the tracks of its three preceding international conferences, will continue to address the advances and trends in engineering materials and their applications. We wish all delegates a very fruitful meeting and, together with their families, a very enjoyable stay in Hamburg. With our sincere thanks and appreciation to all delegates for their valuable contributions to the Conference Co-chairs: AES- ATEMA’ 2009 (Hamburg) Fourth International Conference: Prof. Dr. Yehia Haddad, P. Eng. DFG Mercator Professor Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany *Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada and Prof. Dr.- Ing. Wilfried Becker Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany

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AES-ATEMA’ 2009 (Hamburg) International Conference Main Topics

• Advances and trends in engineering materials • Materials and engineering design • Mechanics of materials and devices • Materials performance, processing and modeling • Surfaces and interfacial sciences • Advances in molecular dynamics • Fibers • Joining of advanced materials (including numerical modeling, simulation and processes) • Advanced composite and aerospace materials • Hybrid materials and systems • Intelligent materials, adaptive structures and their applications • Piezoceramics • Mass diffusion and phase transition • Smart micro- and nanoelectronic devices and systems • Films and membranes • Electronic and computational materials • Damping of engineering structures • Viscous damping and contemporary architecture • Fuel cells • Biomedical materials and their applications • Biomedical systems and devices • Biodegradability, compostability and life cycle assessments • Static, quasi-static and dynamic behavior • Inhomogeneous and discrete systems • Micro- , meso- and macromechanics • Alloys • Ceramics and nonmetallic materials • Semiconductors • Structural mechanics • Materials under severe loading conditions • Mechanical and physical characterization • Advances in fracture and damage mechanics • Numerical methods, including modeling, optimization, simulation, etc. of the response

behavior • Experimental testing methods for the determination of the mechanical and physical

characteristics of industrial materials • Nondestructive testing • Tomography • Performance stability • Reliability and security of structures through the application of advanced industrial

materials • Maintainability and health monitoring • Pattern recognition and classification methodology as applied to engineering materials

and structures • Fabrication and manufacturing of advanced engineering materials • Renewable materials and recycling • Interdisciplinary topics related to advanced industrial materials and their applications • Other related topics

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Venue

AES-ATEMA’2009 (Hamburg) International Conference (September 01 – 04, 2009)

AES-ATEMA’ 2009 (Hamburg) took place in the magnificent Fairmont Hotel in the heart of downtown Hamburg, Germany:

Fairmont Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten”

Neuer Jungfernstieg 9-14 20354 Hamburg, Germany

+49 40 3494-0 “Hamburg is Germany's second-largest city. Its grand merchants' houses and magnificent promenades, international musicals, shopping malls and St. Pauli district give Hamburg a cosmopolitan feel. A touch of the exotic clings to the warehouse district and the city's trademark canals. With its many parks and gardens, Hamburg is also Germany's greenest city. Hamburg has more than 50 museums offering an informative, fun and educational experience, from the Museum of Art and Craft to special exhibitions in the Bucerius Art Forum to the miniature railway wonderland in the warehouse district. From Ernst Barlach House to the Hamburg Dungeon, there is no limit to art in Hamburg”.

Willkommen im Fairmont Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten!

“Prominently located on the western side of the Inner Alster Lake shore in Germany, The Fairmont Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten lies in the heart of the prime retail and commercial district. Founded in 1897, the Fairmont Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten has welcomed its guests from all over the world for more than 110 years. Ceaseless concern to offer each guest the greatest possible comfort has led to it being consistently ranked among the top hotels in the world. Few other hotels in Germany or elsewhere can match its rich blend of individuality, tradition and distinction. The public areas of the Fairmont Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten are furnished with a collection of exquisite 16th- and 17th-century Flemish Gobelin tapestries, baroque cupboards and Renaissance chests. This luxurious Hamburg Hotel offers a veritable treasure trove of history, luxury and elegance in one. In addition to impeccable service and luxurious accommodation, you will find some of the best restaurants in Hamburg such as the Haerlin Restaurant, which serves classical and modern cuisine. The Lounge, at the heart of the hotel, creates a unique atmosphere of elegance and cosiness. We recommend afternoon tea in front of the fire while listening to live piano music”.

© AES-Advanced Engineering Solutions, Canada All rights are reserved.

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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilfried Becker (Technical University of Darmstadt, GERMANY)

Dr. Christos C. Chamis (NASA Glenn Research Centre, USA) Professor Dr. Roberto Contro (Politecnico di Milano, ITALY)

Prof. Dr. Paolo Ermanni (ETH Zurich, SWITZERLAND) Prof. Dr. Yehia Haddad, P. Eng. (University of Ottawa, CANADA and Technical University of

Darmstadt, GERMANY) Dr. R. B. Hall (Air Force Research Laboratory, USA)

Prof. Dr. Dominique Leguillon (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France) Prof. Dr. E. Mazza (ETH Zurich, SWITZERLAND)

Professor Dr. Giuseppe Perale (Politecnico di Milano, ITALY) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Schröder(Universität Duisburg-Essen, GERMANY)

Prof. Dr. Yasuhide Shindo (Tohoku University, JAPAN)

INVITED PLENARY LECTURERS Prof. Dr. R. Contro (Politecnico di Milano, ITALY)

Prof. Dr. P. Ermanni (ETH Zurich, SWITZERLAND)

INVITED KEYNOTE LECTURERS R. Contro (Politecnico di Milano, ITALY)

Miroslav Holeček (University of West Bohemia, CZECH REPUBLIC) Michel F. Khouri (Lebanese University, LEBANON)

Prof. Dr. Dominique Leguillon (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France) E. Mazza (ETH Zurich, SWITZERLAND)

Shaopeng Wu (Wuhan University of Technology, CHINA) L. C. Zhang (The University of New South Wales, AUSTRALIA)

PROCEEDINGS AES-ATEMA’ 2009 Fourth International Conference on

Advances and Trends in Engineering Materials and their Applications (Hamburg, Germany: September 01 – 04, 2009)

CONTENTS Preface 7 AES Technical Reviews International Journal Series 9 International Editorial Board 11 The AES-ATEMA International Conference Series 13 AES-ATEMA’2009 (Montréal) – Opening Welcome 15 AES-ATEMA’ 2009 (Montréal) - Conference Main Topics 17 Conference Venue 19 International Scientific Committee, and Plenary Keynote Lecturers 21 Contents 23

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS

SECTION I: PIEZOELECTRICS AND CERAMICS

W. Mayland and W. Becker* (TU Darmstadt, GERMANY) Semi-analytical Investigation of Stress Singularities due to Geometrical and Material Discontinuities in Piezoelectric Laminates 29

Ensieh Ganji Babakhani*, Jafar Towfighi and Khodadad Nazari (Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, and University of Tarbiat Modares, IRAN) Comparative Study of Sintering Parameters of BSCFO Ceramics Membrane Synthesized Using a Simple EDTNAD Complexing Method 35 N. Kamei*, H. Watari, T. Hatano and Y. Kawamura (Gunma University, and D.I.P. Inc., JAPAN) A Novel Manufacturing Method for a Screw Threaded Fuel Filler Pipe 41

[Keynote Lecture] L. Chang* and L. C. Zhang (The University of Sydney, The University of New South Wales, AUSTRALIA) Phase Changes during Pop-in and Pop-out when Nanoindenting Monocrystalline Silicon 49

SECTION II: COMPOSITES AND ADAPTIVE MATERIAL SYSTEMS – A

Saeed Jolghazi, Hamid Mehdigholi*and Mehdi Behzad (Sharif University of Technology, IRAN) Attenuation of Random Vibration in Plates 57




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I. Mohagheghian, M. Kadkhodaei and M. Salimi* (Isfahan University of Technology, IRAN) A Fully Coupled Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Model for SMA Wires 65 S. Jafari, M. Kadkhodaei and M. Salimi* (Isfahan University of Technology, IRAN) Microplane Modeling of Shape Memory Alloy Torque Tubes 73

SECTION III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & HEALTH MONITORING – A

[Keynote Lecture] Dominique Leguillon (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, FRANCE) Crack Nucleation at Stress Concentration Points – An Irwin-Like Criterion 81 [Keynote Lecture] Michel Farid Khouri (Lebanese University, LEBANON) Approximating the Response of Rubber in the Vicinity of a Non-Lipschitzian Domain 83 W. T. Hsiao, C Y. Su, W. H. Liao and M. S. Leu (National Taipei University of Technology, Industrial Technology Research Institute and National Chung Hsing University, TAIWAN) Evaluation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) Addition to Reduce the Friction Coefficient of Thermal Spray Coatings 95 H. Puga, J. Barbosa, E. Seabra*, S. Ribeiro and M. Prokic (University of Minho, FEUP – Departemento de Engenharia Metalúgica e Materiais, PORTUGAL, and MP Interconsulting, SWITZERLAND) New Trends in Aluminium Degassing – A Comparative Study 101 F. Gomes, J. Barbosa and S. Ribeiro (University of Minho, FEUP – Departemento de Engenharia Metalúgica e Materiais, PORTUGAL) Influence of the Solidification Module on the „Alpha-Case“ Development in TiAL Investment Castings 107

SECTION IV: ROAD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (Organizer: Shaopeng Wu, Wuhan University of Technology, P. R. CHINA)

[Keynote Paper] Shaopeng Wu*, Jun Han, Xiao Wang and Jianying Yu (Wuhan University of Technology, P. R. CHINA) A New Method to Evaluate Fatigue Properties of Layered Nano-montmorillonite Modified Asphalt Binder 115

Yu Fu, Shaopeng Wu, Zheng Chen and Ling Pang (Wuhan University of Technology, P. R. CHINA) Evaluation of Aging Characteristics of Nano-montmorillonite Modified Asphalt Mixtures 121




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Fanhua Chen, Shaopeng Wu, Jun Han and Hong Wang (Wuhan University of Technology, P. R. CHINA) Research on the Creep Properties of Layered Nano-montmorillonite Modified Asphalt Mixture 127 Haitao Jiang, Shaopeng Wu, Jiangang Wang and Gang Liu (Wuhan University of Technology, P. R. CHINA) Research on Fatigue Properties of Functional Asphalt Mixtures 133

SECTION V: COMPOSITES AND ADAPTIVE MATERIAL SYSTEMS - B

[Keynote Lecture] Miroslav Holecek* and Jan Vychytil (University of West Bohemia, CZECH REPUBLIC) Continuum Description in a Generalized Grid Formulation 141

[Keynote Lecture] Y. M. Haddad and Wilfried Becker (University of Ottawa, CANADA, and Technical University of Darmstadt, GERMANY) On the Functional Characterization of a Class of Adaptive Composites with Time-history Dependent Memory 147

SECTION VI: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND HEALTH MONITORING - B

Yasuo Iwako*, Yuki Akimoto, Masaki Omiya, Toshihisa Ueda and Takeshi Yokomori (Keio University, JAPAN) Photoluminescence of Cubic and Monoclinic Gd2O3:Eu Phosphors Prepared by Spray Flame Synthesis 161 Y. Kotani, A. Watanabe, K. Nishiumura and H. Watari (Gunma University and Tomo Industrial Technology Centre, JAPAN, and The University of Manchester, UK) Prediction Method of Thickness Increase of Materials during Deep Drawing Process 167

H. Watari, M. Nishio, T. Haga, K. Davey and N. Koga (Gunma University, Osaka Institute of Technology and Nippon Institute of Technology, JAPAN, and The University of Manchester, UK) Vertical Twin Roll Casting Process of Mg Alloy with High Aluminium Contents 173 Christian Mittelstedt and Kai-Uwe Schr`der (ELAN GmbH, GERMANY) Postbuckling of Stiffened Composite Plates under Transverse Compression: An Efficient Lightweight Engineering Approach 179

Y. M. Haddad (University of Ottawa, CANADA, and TU-Darmstadt, GERMANY) Towards Determining Non-destructively the Ultimate Strength of the Material in Quantitative Manner 181




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M. Okumiya, M. Yoshida, Y. Tsunekawa, C. Tekmen, W. Khalifa and M. Tajima (Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, and Hiroshima Kokusia Gakuin University, Hiroshima, JAPAN) Surface Modification of Aluminum Alloy Using a Barrel Nitriding 189 Rasool Mohideen S* and Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi (University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, MALAYSIA) Investigation on Fracture Behaviour of Low Alloy Steel Weldments Subjected to Controlled Cryogenical Treatment 195 A. Watanabe*, Y. Kotani, K. Nishiumura and H. Watari (Gunma University, and Gunma Industrial Technology Center, JAPAN) Improvement of Drawability by Using Variable BHF in Sheet Metal Forming 203

SECTION VII: MATERIALS IN MEDICINE

[Keynote Lecture] E. Mazza (ETH Zurich, SWITZERLAND) Characterizing the Mechanical Response of Soft Human Tissue for Medical Applications 211 AUTHOR INDEX 217

advances and trends in engineering materials and their

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