advanced traveller information system

46
 B.TECH PROJECT ANUBHAV KUMAR (10113013) ANUPRIYA (10118010) ASHUTOSH GAURAV (10113022) KRITI GARG (10113049) Development of Advanced Traveller Information System for Haridwar City nder the supervision of DR. PRAVEEN KUMAR Professor, IIT Roorkee & DR. R.D. GARG Associate Professor, IIT Roorkee

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Development of Advanced Traveller Information System for Haridwar using ARC-GIS

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  • B.TECH PROJECT

    ANUBHAV KUMAR (10113013)

    ANUPRIYA (10118010)

    ASHUTOSH GAURAV (10113022)

    KRITI GARG (10113049)

    Development of Advanced Traveller

    Information System for Haridwar City Under the supervision of

    DR. PRAVEEN KUMAR

    Professor, IIT Roorkee

    &

    DR. R.D. GARG

    Associate Professor, IIT Roorkee

  • 1 | P a g e

    Acknowledgement

    We wish to affirm our earnest acknowledgement to our supervisors Dr. Praveen Kumar,

    Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee and Dr. R.D. Garg, Associate

    Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, for their expert guidance in

    completion of this project. We want to express our profound gratitude for their cooperation in

    scrupulously scrutinizing the manuscript and for their valuable suggestions throughout the

    work.

    We would also like to thank the Traffic Police of Haridwar, District Criminal Record Bureau,

    Northern Division of Ganga Canal and other Government Authorities of Haridwar for

    providing us with sufficient information and data without which the completion of this project

    wouldnt have been possible.

  • 2 | P a g e

    Index

    Sl. No. Topic Page No.

    1 Introduction 3

    2 How does it work? 4-5

    3 Haridwar- An Introduction 6

    4 Aim of the Project 7-9

    5 Salient Features of this project 10

    6 Objectives and Scope 11

    7 Data Required and Collected 12

    8 Softwares Used 13

    9 Methodology of Analysis 14

    10 Work Plan 15-33

    11 Future Plan 34-38

    12 Conclusion 39

    13 References 40

    Appendix A Traffic Flow Data collected 41-42

    Appendix B Accident data collected 43-45

    Appendix C Dataset generated by ARC-GIS 46

  • 3 | P a g e

    Introduction

    Advanced Traveller Information Systems are type of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and user

    services that utilize emerging computer, communication and information technologies in order to

    provide the driver with information regarding traffic regulation, guidance, hazardous situations and

    safety advisory and warning messages. Based on widespread use of several intelligent maps along with

    the corresponding technology that utilize it, GIS-T has become a vital component of ITS. By utilizing

    intelligent map base, users can conceive a problem and allow the appropriate software to assist them in

    decision making process.

    Some of the existing traveller information systems are as follows:

    A. GIS-Based Multimodal ATIS (MATIS)

    B. GIS-Based Transit Itinerary- Planning Decision Support System (GIS_TIPDSS)

    C. GIS-Based Decision Support Tool

    D. Road Management System for Europe (ROMANSE)

    E. ATIS for City of Calgary

    In this project, we prepared a GIS- based ATIS for Haridwar city in India by using ARC- view GIS

    environment.

    This user friendly system will provide comprehensive information of Haridwar city such as road

    network, Temples, Hotels, Food Courts, ATMs, Hospitals, Police stations, bus stands and railway

    stations. This can be effectively used as Personal Traveller Information Systems or can be used in

    various traffic terminals.

  • 4 | P a g e

    How does it work?

    These are designed to assist travellers in making better travel choices by providing information

    regarding the available travel alternatives. Without information, travellers choices are based

    mainly on experiential information based on knowledge gained from learning of past

    experiences. ATIS enable travellers, in addition to experience, to base their choices on

    descriptive, prescriptive and even feedback information. Descriptive information usually

    consists of information about prevailing conditions such as current or predicted travel times. It

    can be provided either pre-trip e.g. via the internet or en-route e.g. through a variable message

    sign or personal or on-board devices. Prescriptive information usually suggests travellers the

    best alternative e.g. the route with the shortest travel time. Traveller response is generally

    defined here in terms of compliance i.e. acceptance of the systems suggestions. Feedback

    information is usually ex-post relating to historical records of travel times on chosen and non-

    chosen routes (also called foregone payoffs).

    The sensitivity of travellers response to information, especially in the case of accepting route

    suggestions depends on their perceptions of the provided informations accuracy. Accuracy

    can be defined as the ability of the information system to reduce the discrepancy between

    estimated travel times and the actual ones experienced by the traveller. We refer to travel times

    estimated by the information system as descriptive information, to route suggestions made by

    the system as prescriptive information and to the actual travel times experienced by travellers

    as feedback information. The latter is assumed to be correct from the point of view of the

    traveller. In this context we can define two types of travel time uncertainty in the choice

    environment. The first one depends on the networks performance and is related to actual

    variability in travel time, while the second relates to the ability of the information system to

    correctly estimate prevailing traffic conditions, a task that becomes more complex as

    congestion levels increase, particularly non-recurring congestion which is difficult to predict.

    Travellers could well exhibit different behaviours in contending with this complex range of

    uncertainty depending on their risk attitudes. Risk averse travellers are likely to prefer a more

    reliable route (i.e. a lower travel time variance) over an unreliable one with an average shorter

    travel time. Risk seeking travellers are likely to prefer an unreliable route that provides on

    average a shorter travel time. An inaccurate ATIS may be perceived by travellers as

    corresponding to higher risk and also possibly affect the response rates to prescriptive

    information.

  • 5 | P a g e

  • 6 | P a g e

    Haridwar- The Holy City

    Haridwar is an ancient city and municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India.

    The River Ganges, after flowing for 253 kilometres (157 mi) from its source at Gaumukhat the

    edge of the Gangotri Glacier, enters the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India for the first time

    at Haridwar which gave the city its ancient name, Gangadwra.

    Haridwar is regarded as one of the seven holiest places to Hindus. According to the Samudra

    manthan, Haridwar along with Ujjain, Nashik and Prayag (Allahabad)

    is one of four sites where drops of Amrit, the elixir of immortality,

    accidentally spilled over from the pitcher while being carried by the

    celestial bird Garuda. This is manifested in the Kumbha Mela being

    celebrated every 3 years in one of the 4 places, and thus every 12 years

    in Haridwar. Amidst the Kumbha Mela, millions of pilgrims, devotees,

    and tourists congregate in Haridwar to perform ritualistic bathing on

    the banks of the river Ganges to wash away their sins to attain

    Moksha. Brahma Kund, the spot where the Amrit fell, is located at Har

    Ki Pauri (literally, "footsteps of the Lord") and is considered to be the

    most sacred ghat of Haridwar.

  • 7 | P a g e

    Aim of the Project

    Being a Holy city, Haridwar attracts a large crowd every year especially during the Kanvar

    Mela in Saavan and festivals like Mahashivratri, Guru Purnima and many more and Kumbha

    Mela which is organized in every 12 years In Haridwar. As per the control authorities of

    Haridwar, the gathering at Har-ki-Pauri accounts to around 10, 00,000 people during a single

    festival. It is of course very difficult for them to manage such a great crowd. The main effect

    of such gathering is seen on the roads and transportation facilities. Huge amount of congestion

    occurs on the roads and it is greatly affects the flow of traffic within the city and the surrounding

    areas.

    Fig: A view of Har-ki-Pauri ghat during Mahashivratri

    The main points of congestion as reported by the traffic police authority and as identified by

    us has been shown in the figure below:

  • 8 | P a g e

    1) Chandi Chowk (Entrance to Haridwar City): Normal traffic volume as observed through

    sub-hourly count taken by us was 666 PCU/hr (entering Haridwar) and 816 PCU/hr (leaving

    Haridwar) and when recreational traffic enters Haridwar, it becomes almost 4-5 times of what

    occurs on a normal day as reported by the traffic police Authority of Haridwar.

    2) Haridwar Main Road: Congestion occurs as this road consists of Haridwar Railway Station

    and Haridwar Bus stop apart from many food joints and other shops. Normal traffic volume

    as observed through sub-hourly count taken by us was 612 PCU/hr (Bus Stand- near end) and

    566 PCU/hr (Bus Stand- far end).

    3) Har-ki-Pauri: Huge volume of pedestrian traffic occurs in this area. It amounts to around

    10,00.000 during festivals. Also cases of stampede have been continuously reported in this

    area. Any motorized vehicle is strictly restricted in this area.

    According to one of the sources on web:

    During festivals, especially the Kumbha Mela, Haridwar is packed to bursting and beyond.

    Stampedes are a regular occurrence, with 21 killed in 2003 and 5 killed in 2010; the bridges across

    the Ganges are the most dangerous spot.

    It is seen that sometimes traffic congestion cant be managed through techniques of time

    segregation like traffic signals etc. In such cases, Intelligent Transport System comes into

    picture. ITS implies techniques of partial control like radio announcements or full control like

    instructions on dashboards of vehicles. Variable message signs are also installed on certain

    locations of the roads which are a part of ITS technology.

  • 9 | P a g e

    The main aim of the project was to develop an Advanced Traveller Information System for

    Haridwar to guide the traveller to take the optimum paths and reroute their paths when any

    traffic congestion occurs on any particular stretch of road. It helps in reducing traffic congestion

    and helps maintaining the traffic flow. It will also help in removing the bottlenecks and

    managing traffic incidents if dedicated ITS labs are built in future. Also, reducing the accidents

    and improving pedestrian safety can also be achieved through the applications of this system.

  • 10 | P a g e

    Salient Features of This Project

    1. ARC-GIS is used to represent various networks and facilities which are represented by

    various shapefiles.

    2. Distance based shortest path analysis and Time based quickest route analysis.

    3. All important facilities like hospitals, ATMs, railway station, bus stops, educational

    institutions, hotels, food courts etc. have been included in the project.

    4. Software can provide closest facility available to the user from a point.

    5. Software can highlight the shortest path possible based on users preference order. The user

    can provide various destinations in his/her travelling preferences to get the most optimum path.

    6. The accident prone locations have been marked to improve the safety of the users.

    7. Various other future applications have been discussed based on the knowledge of the

    presenters.

  • 11 | P a g e

    Objectives and Scope

    Objectives:

    1. Route Planning:

    It is a process that helps traveller to plan his itinerary based on:

    Shortest Distance

    Vehicle traffic restrictions

    Driver's travel preference

    Minimum travel time based on average travel speeds

    2. Closest Facilities Available:

    Different facilities like hospitals, bus stations, tourist places, restaurants will be taken as theme

    in the project. Closest facility algorithm calculates optimum routes from selected origin to

    facilities (required by user) and availability of facilities at required time.

    3. Personalized & Intermediate Para-Transit Routes:

    Allowed Vehicles on different routes

    Observed Traffic Volume on particular routes

    Nearest Terminal Facilities available

    4. Increasing Road User safety:

    Based on the accident data available for Haridwar city for the last few years (obtained from

    DCRB), most hazardous locations were identified and were located on the digitized map.

    Scope:

    ATIS are most widely deployed ITS application areas. It can be used at railway stations, bus

    stops and other civil amenities for the general use of the public. The software may be of great

    use for the tourists.

    Will provide available public transportation facilities between different locations.

    Assist the user to plan the itinerary.

    Will show near-by available facilities depending upon the users' requirement.

    Will be advantageous in finding help during emergency situations like fire or accidents

    etc.

    With the rapid increase of the interne and wireless communications in recent years, it can be

    updated to dynamic ATIS (which is updated with route resistances).

  • 12 | P a g e

    Data required and collected:

    Basemap of Haridwar- Satellite image of Haridwar was obtained from google using

    Google Satellite Maps Downloader

    Information on Intermediate Para-Transit routes, terminal facilities and prohibited

    vehicles on certain routes were obtained from Traffic Police, Haridwar City.

    For collection of data about other facilities like temples, hospitals, restaurants, theatres

    etc. internet surfing was done and extracted data was verified by a city survey done by

    us.

    Accident data was obtained from District Criminal Record Bureau (DCRB) to identify

    the hazardous locations.

    Flood Discharge Data from Northern Division of Ganga Canal (NDGC) to locate the

    flood prone areas in Haridwar.

  • 13 | P a g e

    Softwares used

    1. Google Maps Downloader

    To obtain the satellite image of Haridwar area.

    2. ArcMap

    Geo-referencing of satellite image and to create the digital map from city map and to

    display spatial and non-spatial data in tile form of maps.

    3. ArcCatalogue

    To create the dataset and data feature classes and creating the corresponding shape files.

    4. ArcMap network analyst tool

    This is used to solve a variety of problems based on geographic network (i.e. finding the

    most efficient travel route, generating travel directions, finding the closed emergency

    vehicle or service facility to an incident.)

    5. Google Earth

    To obtain information about the different facilities like hospitals, hotels etc.

  • 14 | P a g e

    Methodology of analysis:

    Developing ATIS under the ArcMap-GIS environment was the objective of current project.

    In this ATIS, GIS-enabled modules for the shortest path, closest facility, and intermediate

    para-transit routes have been included. Besides these features, location-wise information is

    also included. Methodology involved in the development of the system is described in later

    sections.

    1) Route Planning: Route planning is a process that helps vehicle drivers to plan a route

    prior to or during a journey. In the shortest-path scheme for route planning, the objective is

    to select and implement vehicle routing algorithms for intercity and intra-city route

    planning while addressing the following issues:

    shortest distance;

    quickest route;

    vehicle traffic restrictions;

    Drivers travel preferences.

    In the current ATIS, route planning is carried out by using a graphical user interface of the

    system. For the shortest path computation, length and speed limits of the road segments on

    that road are stored in a digital database and the travel time was calculated (distance/speed

    limit). The calculated travel time is used as travel cost in the performance of path

    optimization. The travel cost represents the cost of traveling over the link or the measure

    of resistance to the movement of goods through the link and depends on many factors, such

    as distance, travel time, travel speed, and number of turns. Path optimization has been

    carried out using ArcMap Network Analyst (AMNA). AMNA implements a modified

    Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm. AMNA builds the topology, creates a travel-cost matrix,

    and then run the analysis.

    2) Closest Facility: In the closest facility problem, route length and travel time (drive time)

    are considered as travel costs. Different facilities, such as hospitals, hotels, temples and

    other tourist places, have been taken as themes in the project. The closest facility algorithm

    calculates all the routes from the selected origin to facilities based on travel cost. It

    compares travel costs of these routes and gives one optimal route as output.

    3) Personalized and Public Transport Routes: The main modes for public transport as

    observed in the Haridwar city were Autos, Vikrams, Rickshaws and Battery Rickshaws

    apart from the various personalized modes like cars, motorcycles, cycles etc. To allow

    proper regulation of traffic, some of these modes have been restricted in certain areas where

    pedestrian traffic is more (for eg. Near Har-ki-Pauri). So various modes of travel allowed

    on different routes based upon the survey conducted in Haridwar have been included so as

    to provide information to the road user to select the most suitable mode of travel.

  • 15 | P a g e

    Work Plan:

    Following systematic steps are to be followed for the development of ATIS.

    1. Map extraction

    2. Data collection (i.e. routes of public transport, different facilities)

    3. Geo-referencing of City MAP.

    4. Digitization of maps

    5. Data base creation

    6. Software development in Arc-GIS

    1. Georeferencing of Satellite Image:

    Fig: Satellite Image of Haridwar

    1. An Excel file is created with the name 'coordinates' and coordinates of all the 4 corners are

    typed in it as shown in the table below:

    Longitude Latitude

    78.10358429 29.95404243

    78.17798615 29.95682526

    78.17352295 29.92260551

    78.10233307 29.91919708

  • 16 | P a g e

    Fig: Google Earth image showing points selected for geo-referencing

    2. Arc Map software was opened and "A new document" is selected as shown in the fig.

    3. Coordinates are to be inserted in map using excel file created, as shown in following fig.

  • 17 | P a g e

    4. WGS-84 was selected as the geographical coordinate system.

    5. The Point frame is ready as shown above. But this point file is in Geographic Coordinate

    System. It needs to be changed in the Projected Coordinate system.

    6. For converting Geographic to Projected transformation is needed.

  • 18 | P a g e

    7. After transforming Google Image is added.

    8. Using the snapping tool for better accuracy Google Image is referenced as shown below.

    9. After adding all the 4 points click on rectify button in the Georeferencing toolbar.

    Rectification was done using nearest neighbourhood method and the observed error was 0.005.

    Fig: Error Table

    Google Image has been referenced and now we will be using this google image to georeference

    Haridwar city map.

    2. Digitization:

    On the Georeferenced map Roads and various features of our concern were digitized.

    For digitization of roads we created a shape file named 'Roads' having polyline

    geometry shape feature.

    Similarly we created shape file for different features like hospitals and temples but for

    this geometry shape feature used is point, then attributes like name, contact no. etc.

    were added.

    Different colonies of Haridwar were located using polygon geometry shape feature.

    Following fig. shows the process of digitization of hotels.

  • 19 | P a g e

    3. Data Base Creation:

    Data was collected from organization like traffic police, municipality etc. and by doing a survey

    for facilities like hospitals, schools, hotels etc. After collecting all the data, next task was to

    digitize all the data.

    Feature Feature Class Attributes

    National Highway Polyline No. of lanes

    Main Roads Polyline -

    Local Streets Polyline -

    Railway Line Polyline -

    Railway Station Point Name

    Bus Stop Point Name, Permitted Buses

    Praking Lots Point Name, Capacity

    Educational Institutions Point Name

    Bank_ ATM Point Name

    Police Point Name

    Medical Facilities Point Name

    Bathing Ghats Point Name

    Haridwar Coordinates Point Name

    Food courts Point Name

    Hotels Point Name, AC Room Availability, phone No., Email, Bar

    Colonies Polygon Name

    Attribute Table

  • 20 | P a g e

    4. Finding Optimum Path:

    Optimum path has been found out by selecting locations on maps, two or more than two

    locations can be given at the same time and the result will show or highlight the path which

    can lead traveller to all the locations of his/her choice. Traffic restriction like barrier has also

    been taken care while finding paths.

    Methodology:

    1. Open ArcCatalogue and feature class is selected.

    2. Right click on feature class and select option new network dataset.

  • 21 | P a g e

    3. Make new network dataset.

    4. Now in ArcGIS add the junction dataset and network data set which is created in step3.

    5. Go to tools menu on the ArcGIS, extensions, select Network Analysis.

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    6. from network analyst tool bar select network analyst tool, then new route.

  • 23 | P a g e

    7. Mark barriers.

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    8. Click run tool from network analyst tool bar.

    Fig: Driving directions as generated by the software

  • 25 | P a g e

    The following figures show how different routes are selected by different road users based on

    either travel time or travel distance.

    Fig: Route based on minimum length

    Fig: Route based on minimum time

  • 26 | P a g e

    5. Finding Nearest Facilities and shortest path to these facilities:

    This application can be used by traveller to find out the nearest facilities from his location.

    Type of facility and number of facility is taken as an input from the users. And the output will

    show the locations of required number of the nearest facility and the optimum path leading to

    the facilities.

    Methodology:

    1. from network analyst tool bar select network analyst, new closest path

    2. Open closest facility properties, select no. of closest facilities to be find and other parameters.

    3. Right click on Facilities, load location

  • 27 | P a g e

    4. Select create network location tool from network analyst tool bar, and mark location from

    where closest facilities to be find.

    5. Click solve from network analyst tool bar.

    6. In map closest facilities with their optimum (shortest) are displayed.

  • 28 | P a g e

    6. Finding facilities by attributes:

    This application will be useful when user does not know exact location of the required facility

    so cannot locate them directly on map. For example: To find Cinema/Theatre by its name or

    by sector.

    Methodology:

    1. Open the find toolbar. Following window will appear:

  • 29 | P a g e

    2. After adding all the data click the find button, matching results will appear. Properties of the

    features can be seen by right clicking the corresponding features. To get the exact location

    'zoom' and 'flash options can be used.

    7. Query:

    If a user wants to go from Himadri Hotel to Deen Dayal parking complex in Har ki Pauri the

    following steps can be followed (positions and names of these facilities are not known).

    Solution:

    1. Open the "find" toolbar. Following window will appear.

  • 30 | P a g e

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    2. After feeding the data as shown, click the Find menu. Matching results will be shown as

    follows:

    3. User can select its choice and can 'flash' and 'zoom' the selected feature on to the map.

    Selected features can be added as a 'network location stop'.

  • 32 | P a g e

    4. Click solve for the route

    8. Creation of Buffer Zones:

    It often happens that the tourist wants to have a brief idea about all facilities available within

    a circle of certain radius from a given facility or terminal. For e.g. A tourist might be

  • 33 | P a g e

    interested in knowing all the hotels which are available within a circle of radius 500 m from

    Mansa Devi temple.

    Solution:

  • 34 | P a g e

    Future Plan:

    In the future, when the integration of highway systems with real-time traffic surveillance and

    control strategies will take place in India, this ATIS can be modified to provide route choices

    based on actual or predicted traffic conditions with the help of real-time data acquisition from

    equipped road networks.

    Some future applications as suggested by us are as follows.

    1. Origin and Destination studies using GPS devices installed in personalized vehicles or

    public transport.

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    2. Speed surveys can be carried out in dedicated ITS labs by the use of this database and GPS

    installed in vehicles.

    3. Incident management system can be developed for Haridwar which will help in reducing

    delays due to accidents or any other disruption in the smooth flow of traffic.

    4. Bottlenecks in various locations can be identified and improved upon.

    5. Planning of future public transport routes and facilities.

    6. SMS based warning to pedestrians in case when there is prior indication of flood.

  • 37 | P a g e

    7. Safe Evacuation of hazardous locations and guiding pedestrians to safe locations in case of

    hazards like floods or stampede (especially during Kumbha Mela).

    8. Parking assistance to drivers based on counting devices installed in the parking lots and

    variable message signs installed along the routes connecting the major parking areas.

  • 38 | P a g e

    9. Radio announcements or SMS based alerts to drivers entering the vicinity of a particular

    accident prone area.

    10. Immediate guidance to drivers to follow alternate routes in case theres any accident on a

    particular route.

  • 39 | P a g e

    Conclusion:

    ATISs are most widely deployed ITS application areas. With the rapid increase of the Internet

    and wireless communications in recent years, the application of Internet-based and wireless

    GIS-T applications to ATIS is growing rapidly (such as the ROMANSE project in Europe).

    Implementation of GIS in combination with other advanced communication computer

    technologies to traveller information systems enables the conspicuous dissemination of

    information pertaining to fixed route facilities, such as offices, educational institutions, health

    facilities, places of tourist interest, etc.; route planning and spatial and attribute information on

    other transportation facilities within the cities, including highways, airports, marine ports, and

    passenger rail systems. Developed GIS-based ATIS has a point-and-click graphical user

    interface and also is user friendly.

    The developed package has the following capabilities:

    > Finding the shortest path based on distance

    > Finding the closest facility and its path based on distance.

    > Intermediate Para- transit routes;

    > Search enginewhich searches different facilities in Haridwar city.

  • 40 | P a g e

    References:

    1. http://www.esri.com

    2. www.calgary.ca/transport/roads

    3. www.uk.gov.in

    4. www.en.wikipedia.org

    5. Apparao. G, P. Mallikarjunareddy ,Dr. SSSV Gopala Raju, Identification Of Accident Black

    Spots For National Highway Using GIS, International Journal of SCIENTIFIC &

    TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, Volume 2, issue 2, February 2013.

    6. Kumar Praveen, Singh Varun and Reddy D. (2005), GIS based ATIS for Hyderabad city,

    IEEE journal on ITS, March 2005, Washington, USA.

  • 41 | P a g e

    Appendix A: Traffic Counts

    Time Car Motorcycle Bicycle Vikram/Auto Bus Rickshaw Tanga Truck Pedestrian PCU

    12:00-12:15

    pm 19 34 3 95 4 4 1 4 30 166.5

    12:15-12:30

    pm 17 36 4 94 1 5 1 2 25 151.5

    12:30-12:45

    pm 16 31 2 86 2 1 0 2 33 132

    12:45-1:00 pm 14 32 2 89 0 3 0 1 29 127.5

    Total 66 133 11 364 7 13 2 9 117

    PCU/hr= 666

    Date: 26th March 2014

    Location: Chandi chowk (Towards Haridwar)

    Time Car Motorcycle Bicycle Vikram/Auto Bus Rickshaw Tanga Truck Pedestrian PCU

    12:00-

    12:15 pm 81 52 2 63 9 2 0 1 209 204

    12:15-

    12:30 pm 84 45 1 59 5 2 0 0 86 184

    12:30-

    12:45 pm 75 43 2 55 2 1 1 0 106 164

    12:45-

    1:00 pm 70 49 2 57 3 2 0 1 129 167.5

    Total 310 189 7 234 19 7 1 2 530

    PCU/hr= 816

    Location: Chandi chowk (From haridwar)

    Date: 26th March 2013

    Time Car Motorcy

    cleBicycle

    Vikram/

    AutoBus

    Ricksha

    wTanga Truck

    Pedestri

    anPCU

    1:00-

    1:15 pm 25 38 5 42 10 15 0 4 50 153

    1:15-

    1:30 pm 28 26 6 35 12 12 0 2 28 139

    1:30-

    1:45 pm 15 31 3 41 9 16 1 2 42 134

    1:45-

    2:00 pm 12 42 5 35 6 18 0 1 37 118.5

    Total 80 137 19 153 37 61 1 9 157

    PCU/hr= 612

    Date: 26th March 2014

    Location:Haridwar Main Road ( Bus stand -near end)

  • 42 | P a g e

    Time Car Motorcy

    cleBicycle

    Vikram/

    AutoBus

    Ricksha

    wTanga Truck

    Pedestri

    anPCU

    1:00-

    1:15 pm 13 10 10 28 15 16 0 2 75 126

    1:15-

    1:30 pm 18 26 15 37 11 12 0 5 32 141.5

    1:30-

    1:45 pm 10 31 19 45 8 10 0 1 43 122

    1:45-

    2:00 pm 8 42 12 32 12 11 0 3 31 128.5

    Total 49 109 56 142 46 49 0 11 181

    PCU/hr= 566

    Date: 26th March 2014

    Location:Haridwar Main Road ( Bus stand -far end)

  • 43 | P a g e

    Appendix B: Accident Data

    A Sample of Accident Data as given by DCRB:

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  • 44 | P a g e

    Accident Data Compiled by us (2013-14 ):

    Sl. No. Location No. of accidents Injury type A

    Injury type

    B/C

    1 unchha pull 2 1 1

    2 Sarwanand Ghat 1 1

    3 Chandighat Chowk 2 2

    4 Gram Kurdi 1 1 1

    5 Warson road 1 1

    6 Tanda Bhaneda 1 1 1

    7 near temple of goddess kaali 1 1

    8 near uttam sugar mill 1 1

    9 tircha pull 1 1

    10 Shankaracharya Chowk 2 1 2

    11 Ganesh filling station 1 1 1

    12 near krishna puliya 1 1

    13 rassia badh 1 1

    14 ganddi khata tiraha 1 1

    15 ibrahimpur 2 1 1

    16 near gangnahar P. station 1 1 1

    17 malviya chowk 1 1

    18 deoband marg gokulpur 1 1

    19 iqbalpur 1 1

    20 imlikheda 1 1

    21 hadipur petrolpump 1 1

    22 sidkul 1 1 1

    23 bahadarabad tiraha 1 1 1

    24 shhantar shah 1 1 1

    25 Sect-2 BHEL barrier 1 1

    26 patanjali foodpark factory 1 1 1

    27 Bharawa teka mod lakshar road 1 1

    28 gram saliyar gangnahar 4 2 2

    29 ramnagar 1 1

    30

    tibdi phtak kotwali nagar

    haridwar 2 2

    31 gram khajuri tiraha 1 1

    32 bhathipur p. station haridwar 1 1

    33 gurukul viswavidyalaya 1 1

    34 infront of alknanda hoyel 1 1

    35

    sinhadwar chaurahe, gurukul,

    kankhal 3 1 2

    36 jawalapur 1 1

    37

    anand vaan near samadhi

    jawalapur 2 2

  • 45 | P a g e

    38 kankhal, lakshar road 1 1

    39 saray road sitapur mandir 1 1

    40 RTO chowk, kotwali nagar 3 1 2

    41 ranipur jhal ke pass, jawalapur 3 1 2

    42 rampar chungi gangnahar 4 4

    43 rishikul chowrahe kotwali nagar 1 1

    44 by pass road jawalapur 2 1 1

    45

    dharm kanta by pass road

    jawalapur 1 1

    46 pull jatwada jawalapur 2 2

    47 paniyala road gangnahar 1 1

    48 hotel grand park kankhal 1 1

    49 yamuna vihar kankhal 1 1

    50 shikha petrol pump, gang nahar 1 1

    51 near tulsi chowk, kotwali nagar 1 1

    52 pawdhoi, jawalapur 1 1

    53 sai dharmkanta gangnahar 1 1

    54

    roadiwelawala tiraha kotwali

    nagar 1 1

    55 jahnwi del hotel kankhal 1 1

    56 devpura chowk kotwali nagar 1 1

    57 ashoka talkies jawalapur 1 1

    58 jadugar road, jawalapua 1 1

    59

    in front of nirmal baagh, bairabh

    mandir road, kankhal 1 1

    60 santmeri school, jawalapur 1 1

    61 bhanti kunj, kotwali nagar 1 1

    62 misastpur gaon, kankhal 1 1

    63

    jagat petrol pump, highway road,

    jawalapur 1 1

    64 azad nagar chowk gangnahar 1 1

    65 sai mandir kotwali nagar 1 1

    66

    malgodam railway station

    gangnahar 1 1

    67

    gururam ray public school

    gangnahar 1 1