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TRANSCRIPT
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 1 -
• Update on ZT Plus activities
• Experimental approaches to accelerate bulk materials R&D
• ZT data analysis approaches
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 2 -
ZT Plus develops and produces high performance thermoelectric materials for efficient energy conversion for mid temperature waste heat recovery and power generation applications.
ZT Plus is a division of Amerigon Inc.
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 3 -
• BSST has been funding internal Materials Research Program since2006, establishing Emerging Materials Department in 2008.
• In 2009 BSST formed ZT Plus to commercialize improvements inbulk TE material performance demonstrated by Ohio State, MichiganState and Northwestern Universities.
• Formation and funding of ZT Plus was partially made possible byONR’s long term support of academic research, DARPA’s targetedresearch and DOE sponsored vehicle research and developmentinitiatives.
• DOE sponsorship of device-level development has been, andcontinues to be, of paramount importance for TE market development.
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 5 -
New facility in operation since Nov. ’09Proximity to Amerigon/BSST, Caltech and JPL10,000 sq.ft., all operations are in clean room spaceR&D and pilot manufacturing capabilitiesIngot casting, powder metallurgyMetallizationMaterials metrology to 600°C
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 6 -
• Currently sampling to select customers: high performance PbTe(no Thallium)
• Ongoing testing: mechanical, thermocycling
• Future plans:
• PbTe production scale up
• Pb and Te-free materials 0 100 200 300 400 500 6000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
ZT
Temperature (°C)
p-type Avg. zT n-type Avg. zT
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 7 -
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 8 -
1. Implement Design of Experiments methodology reduces time by shrinking the experimental space.
2. Matching throughput of metrology with that of synthesis is a critical enabling feature for shortened information feedback loops.
3. Use fast, but not necessarily precise, tools for material screening allows to arrive to negative results faster, thereby reducing the bottleneck of slow metrology.
4. Track and eliminate sources of variability results have high robustness and reproducibility.
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 9 -
0 2 4 6 80
2
4
6
8
10
12
Y P
ositi
on (m
m)
X Position (mm)
-140.0
-134.0
-128.0
-122.0
-116.0
-110.0
-104.0
-98.00
-92.00
-86.00
-80.00
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 80000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
ypos
(um
)
xpos(um)
-344.0
-305.7
-267.3
-229.0
-190.6
-152.3
-113.9
-75.59
-37.24
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 10 -
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 11 -
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 80000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Y (μ
m)
X (μm)
-112.8
-109.8
-106.9
-103.9
-101.0
Seebeck (μV/K)
ZTPlus Confidential
ZTP-N-0378_Workup
Passes ‘10% of Mean’ TestPasses ‘Gaussian Distribution’ Test
-10.7 Const
10.7 Const
50%
95%
5%
-120
-118
-116
-114
-112
-110
-108
-106
-104
-102
-100
-98
-96
See
beck
(μV/
K)
ZTPlus After SPS
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 12 -
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 13 -
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 14 -
Not only material development cycle is long, but also device optimization is complex. Simple tools are desirable to compare the benefits of variations of material properties.Average ZT is the property that is being used extensively for performance estimates.Average ZT is a function of temperature range.
0 100 200 300 400 5000.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
zT
Temperature (oC)
p-type material
0 100 200 300 400 5000.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
zT
Temperature (oC)
n-type material
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 15 -
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
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1.31.2
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
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1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
100 200 300 400 500
100
200
300
400
500
Col
d si
de T
empe
ratu
re o C
Hot side Temperature oC
0.00.20.50.70.91.11.41.6
ZT Plus P-Type
Example: <ZT> between 280 and 430 C is 1.15
Convert ZT(T) plot into <ZT> (ΔT) contour map
0 100 200 300 400 5000.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
zT
Temperature (oC)
p-type material
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 16 -
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
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1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
1.6
1.5
1.31.2
1.11.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
100 200 300 400 500
100
200
300
400
500
Col
d si
de T
empe
ratu
re o C
Hot side Temperature oC
0.00.20.50.70.91.11.41.6
ZT Plus P-Type
Example: <ZT> between 280 and 430 C is 1.15
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.90.8
0.70.5
100 200 300 400 500
100
200
300
400
500
Col
d si
de T
empe
ratu
re o C
Hot side Temperature oC
0.00.10.30.40.50.70.81.01.11.21.4
ZT Plus N-Type
N-type P-type
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 17 -
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
0.4
0.32
-0.16
0.16
0.07
-0.07
100 200 300 400 500
100
200
300
400
500Te
mpe
ratu
re o C
Temperature oC
-0.18
-0.02
0.13
0.29
0.44
Approximate temperature range of typical use
Col
d S
ide
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)
Hot Side Temperature (oC)
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 18 -
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.2
1.11.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
100 200 300 400 500
100
200
300
400
500
Col
d Te
mpe
ratu
re (o C
)
Hot Temperature (oC)
0.0
0.3
0.7
1.0
1.4
Approximate temperature range of typical use
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 19 -
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
11.11.0
10.28.5
6.54.53.3
100 200 300 400 500
100
200
300
400
500C
old
Tem
pera
ture
(o C)
Hot Temperature (oC)
0.0
2.4
4.9
7.3
9.8
12.2
Approximate temperature range of typical use
Assumptions: no parasitic losses; not accounting for material self-compatibility.
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 20 -
ZT Plus has successfully transitioned advanced PbTe materials from academic laboratories to pre-production sampling; currently gearing up for scale-up.Experimental cycle of material development needs to be fast and robust for optimization experiments targeting production-viable materials.Careful selection of measurement and analysis tools need to be employed for rapid characterization of TE materials.Sore issue – universally acceptable metrology of TE materials, especially for power generation applications.
Advanced Thermoelectric Solutions - 21 -
Government support – DOE, DARPA, ONROEM and T1 partners – BMW, Ford, FaureciaAcademic partners – OSU, Northwestern UniversityColleagues at ZT Plus, BSST and Amerigon