advanced subsidiary gce unit f211: cells, exchange and ... · ser / smooth endoplasmic reticulum...
TRANSCRIPT
Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
GCE
Biology Advanced Subsidiary GCE
Unit F211: Cells, Exchange and Transport
Mark Scheme for June 2013
OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on the examination. OCR will not enter into any discussion or correspondence in connection with this mark scheme. © OCR 2013
F21
1 M
ark
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em
e Ju
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1
An
no
tati
on
s A
vaila
ble
in S
CO
RIS
An
no
tati
on
M
ean
ing
Ben
efit
of D
oubt
Con
trad
ictio
n
Cro
ss
Err
or C
arrie
d F
orw
ard
Giv
en m
ark
Ext
enda
ble
horiz
onta
l wav
y lin
e
Igno
re
QW
C
Ben
efit
of th
e do
ubt n
ot g
iven
addi
tiona
l QW
C c
redi
t giv
en
Tic
k
Tic
k 1
Tic
k 2
Om
issi
on M
ark
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
2
Qu
esti
on
A
nsw
er
Mar
ks
Gu
idan
ce
1 (a
) (i
) A
nuc
leus
;
B c
hlor
opla
st ;
2
Mar
k th
e fi
rst
answ
er o
n e
ach
pro
mp
t lin
e. If
the
answ
er
is c
orre
ct a
nd a
n ad
ditio
nal a
nsw
er is
giv
en th
at is
inco
rrec
t or
con
trad
icts
the
cor
rect
ans
wer
the
n =
0 m
arks
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT n
ucle
ar e
nvel
ope
/ nu
cleo
lus
IGN
OR
E c
hlor
ophy
ll
(ii)
C
m
itoch
ondr
ion
(
aero
bic)
res
pira
tion
/ pro
duci
ng A
TP
/ re
leas
e en
ergy
;
D S
ER
/ sm
ooth
end
opla
smic
retic
ulum
tra
nspo
rt /
prod
uctio
n / p
roce
ssin
g, o
f, fa
ts /
lipid
s /
ste
roid
s / c
arbo
hydr
ates
;
2
Mar
k th
e fi
rst
answ
er o
n e
ach
pro
mp
t lin
e. If
the
answ
er
is c
orre
ct a
nd a
n ad
ditio
nal a
nsw
er is
giv
en th
at is
inco
rrec
t or
con
trad
icts
the
cor
rect
ans
wer
the
n =
0 m
arks
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT F
unct
ion
of o
rgan
elle
if o
rgan
elle
id
entif
ied
/ nam
ed in
corr
ectly
(as
this
wou
ld b
e an
inco
rrec
t bi
olog
ical
sta
tem
ent.
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT m
akes
/ pr
oduc
es, e
nerg
y A
CC
EP
T p
rodu
ces
AT
P fo
r re
spira
tion
IGN
OR
E r
ef to
tran
spor
t / m
odifi
catio
n of
pro
tein
s D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT r
ef p
rodu
ctio
n of
pro
tein
s
(b)
C
/ m
itoch
ondr
ion
/ cris
tae,
too
smal
l ;
reso
lutio
n (o
f lig
ht m
icro
scop
e),
not h
igh
(eno
ugh)
OR
id
ea o
f onl
y, 0
.2µ
m /
200n
m ;
w
avel
engt
h of
ligh
t too
long
;
m
ax 2
idea
of
too
smal
l / n
ot b
ig e
noug
h im
port
ant
IGN
OR
E
very
sm
all
AC
CE
PT
res
olut
ion
low
IG
NO
RE
ref
to m
agni
ficat
ion
fo
r re
solu
tion
acce
pt a
ny v
alue
in r
ange
0.0
5 -
0.2
µm
IG
NO
RE
ref
to
elec
tron
mic
rosc
ope
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
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3
(c
)
mak
es v
isib
le /
easi
er to
see
/ se
e m
ore
deta
il ;
(sta
inin
g) p
rovi
des
/ in
crea
ses,
con
tras
t ;
iden
tify
/ rec
ogni
se, c
ell t
ypes
/ or
gane
lles
/ pa
rts
of c
ell ;
id
entif
y / r
ecog
nise
, diff
eren
t (n
amed
), c
ompo
unds
/
mol
ecul
es ;
max
2
AC
CE
PT
dis
tingu
ish,
cel
ls /
org
anel
les,
(fr
om b
ackg
roun
d)
IGN
OR
E r
ef t
o cl
arity
IG
NO
RE
su
bsta
nces
T
ota
l8
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
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4
Qu
esti
on
A
nsw
er
Mar
ks
Gu
idan
ce
2 (a
) (i
) 0.
6 : 1
; ;
2
Cor
rect
ans
wer
= 2
mar
ks
Rat
io m
ust
be
corr
ect
way
ro
un
d
1: 0
.6 is
not
cor
rect
but
ca
n st
ill a
llow
mar
k fo
r co
rrec
t wor
king
if s
how
n If
answ
er in
corr
ect
AL
LO
W 1
mar
k fo
r w
orki
ng
e.
g.
600
÷ 10
00
600
: 100
0 =
1 m
ark
(ii)
as
SA
:VO
L ra
tio d
ecre
ases
rat
e of
diff
usio
n de
crea
ses
O
R
as S
A:V
OL
ratio
incr
ease
s ra
te o
f di
ffusi
on in
crea
ses
;
use
of tw
o pa
irs o
f fig
ures
with
cor
rect
uni
ts (
mm
s-1)
for
rat
e to
illu
stra
te tr
end
;
ref
to r
ate
of d
iffus
ion
in e
ither
of
the
first
tw
o cu
bes
not
f
ittin
g tr
end
;
m
ax 2
AC
CE
PT
po
sitiv
e co
rrel
atio
n
DO
NO
T C
RE
DIT
as
rate
of
diffu
sion
dec
reas
es S
A:V
OL
ratio
dec
reas
es
use
of fi
gs r
equi
res
ratio
quo
te a
nd r
ate
quot
e at
two
poin
ts
e.g.
at S
A:V
OL
of 3
:1 r
ate
is 0
.02
mm
s-1, a
t SA
:VO
L ra
tio o
f 0.
2:1
rate
is 0
.013
(co
rrec
t un
its o
nly
need
to
be u
sed
once
) D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT if
uni
t for
SA
:Vol
giv
en
AC
CE
PT
cor
rect
cal
cula
tion
of r
ate
chan
ge
e.g.
whe
n th
e S
A:V
OL
ratio
was
3:1
the
rate
of d
iffus
ion
was
0.
020m
ms-1
whi
ch is
0.0
07m
ms-1
fast
er th
an th
e cu
be w
ith
0.2:
1 S
A:V
OL
ratio
(iii)
(larg
e pl
ants
) ha
ve a
, sm
all /
low
, SA
: V
OL
ratio
;
idea
of d
iffus
ion
too
slow
(to
sup
ply
requ
irem
ents
) ;
idea
of
need
tran
spor
t sys
tem
(fo
r w
ater
/ m
iner
als
/
as
sim
ilate
s) ;
id
ea o
f ne
ed (
spec
ial)
surf
ace
area
for,
gas
eous
exc
hang
e
/ u
ptak
e of
min
eral
s ;
max
2
DO
NO
T C
RE
DIT
sm
alle
r un
less
we
know
sm
alle
r th
an w
hat
AC
CE
PT
e.g
. lar
ger
plan
ts h
ave
a sm
alle
r S
A :
Vol
rat
io
mus
t hav
e id
ea o
f too
slo
w
AC
CE
PT
diff
usio
n ta
kes
too
long
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT t
rans
port
of
gase
s
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
5
Qu
esti
on
A
nsw
er
Mar
ks
Gu
idan
ce
(b
) (i
) di
vide
d le
ngth
of s
ide
by ti
me
take
n ;
1 IG
NO
RE
div
ide
mm
by
s (u
nits
alo
ne to
o va
gue)
(ii)
id
ea th
at s
tude
nt u
sed
who
le le
ngth
of
side
, ra
ther
tha
n ha
lf le
ngth
;
1
AC
CE
PT
ne
eds
to d
ivid
e an
swer
by
2 / d
ista
nce
has
to b
e to
ce
ntre
of
cube
rat
her
than
who
le le
ngth
of
side
/ as
sum
ed
diff
usio
n oc
curs
(ac
ross
who
le c
ube)
fro
m o
ne s
ide
(c
)
sq
uam
ous
epith
eliu
m
shor
t(er
) di
ffusi
on, d
ista
nce
/ pat
h ;
larg
e nu
mbe
r of a
lveo
li la
rge(
r) s
urfa
ce a
rea
;
good
blo
od s
uppl
y hi
gh /
larg
e / s
teep
, co
ncen
trat
ion
grad
ient
O
R
rem
oves
oxy
gen
(fro
m lu
ng s
urfa
ce)
/ brin
gs c
arbo
n
dio
xide
(to
lung
sur
face
);
go
od v
entil
atio
n hi
gh /
larg
e / s
teep
, co
ncen
trat
ion
grad
ient
O
R
su
pplie
s ox
ygen
(to
alv
eoli)
/ re
mov
es
carb
on d
ioxi
de
(fr
om a
lveo
li) ;
4
AC
CE
PT
re
duce
d /
shor
ter
diff
usio
n di
stan
ce
AC
CE
PT
thi
n di
ffus
ion
barr
ier
IGN
OR
E t
hin
diff
usio
n pa
thw
ay
AC
CE
PT
incr
ease
s su
rfac
e ar
ea
IGN
OR
E S
A :
Vol
rat
io
AC
CE
PT
mai
ntai
ns /
cre
ates
con
cent
ratio
n gr
adie
nt
IGN
OR
E r
ef d
iffus
ion
grad
ient
A
CC
EP
T m
aint
ains
/ c
reat
es c
once
ntra
tion
grad
ient
IG
NO
RE
ref
diff
usio
n gr
adie
nt
IGN
OR
E r
ef to
air
T
ota
l12
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
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6
3 (a
) (i
) m
itosi
s /
mito
tic ;
1 C
orre
ct s
pelli
ng o
nly
(ii)
fo
ur c
hrom
osom
es o
n eq
uato
r ;
(eac
h ch
rom
osom
e as
) tw
o si
ster
chr
omat
ids
;
2
If th
e im
age
is u
ncle
ar th
en p
enci
l or
a di
ffere
nt c
olou
r m
ay
have
bee
n us
ed -
RA
ISE
AN
EX
CE
PT
ION
A
war
d 2
ma
rks
for
the
follo
win
g
DO
NO
T C
RE
DIT
mp
1 if
nucl
ear
mem
bran
e sh
own
DO
NO
T C
RE
DIT
mp
1 if
hom
olog
ous
chro
mos
omes
pai
red
e.g.
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT m
p 2
if s
iste
r ch
rom
atid
s ar
e no
t joi
ned
(at
cent
rom
ere)
F21
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7
(iii)
arro
w fr
om R
to T
;
arro
w fr
om R
to S
AN
D a
rrow
from
S to
T
OR
ar
row
from
R to
S to
T ;
2
e.g.
If co
ntra
dict
ory
arro
ws
to th
e ab
ove
are
dra
wn,
app
ly C
ON
fo
r ea
ch a
rrow
goi
ng fr
om lo
w
to
high
.
e.
g.
g
ets
0
(b)
th
is is
whe
re c
ambi
um /
mer
iste
m /
xyle
m /
phlo
em /
v
ascu
lar
bund
le, i
s fo
und
;
mito
sis/
cell
divi
sion
, occ
urs
in c
ambi
um (
to p
rodu
ce n
ew
cells
for
grow
th)
; ne
w c
ells
, diff
eren
tiate
/ sp
ecia
lise,
(in
to x
yle
m a
nd p
hloe
m)
; xy
lem
sup
plie
s w
ater
for,
(ce
ll) e
long
atio
n / (
cell)
gro
wth
; ph
loem
sup
plie
s, s
ugar
s / a
ssim
ilate
s, f
or, e
nerg
y / g
row
th
/res
pira
tion
; m
ax 2
CR
ED
IT f
rom
a la
belle
d di
agra
m
CR
ED
IT d
esc
riptio
n of
pos
ition
bei
ng c
lose
to
the
edge
of
trun
k D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT r
esp
onse
s th
at s
ugge
st th
at c
ambi
um e
tc.
are
in o
r ou
tsid
e ba
rk O
R u
nder
cut
sur
face
A
CC
EP
T c
ambi
um d
iffer
entia
tes
IG
NO
RE
nu
trie
nts
R
S
T
R
S
T
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
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2013
8
(c
)
tip /
apex
, of,
shoo
t / r
oot ;
mer
iste
m ;
bu
d ;
max
1
Mar
k th
e fi
rst
answ
er o
n e
ach
pro
mp
t lin
e. If
the
answ
er is
co
rrec
t and
an
addi
tiona
l ans
wer
is g
iven
that
is in
corr
ect o
r co
ntra
dict
s th
e co
rrec
t an
swer
the
n =
0 m
arks
IG
NO
RE
ro
ot o
r sh
oot
unqu
alifi
ed
AC
CE
PT
be
hind
roo
t tip
(d
)
allo
w o
xyge
n to
rea
ch, c
ells
/ tis
sues
(un
der
bark
) ;
fo
r (a
erob
ic)
resp
iratio
n ;
anim
als
tran
spor
t oxy
gen
in, b
lood
/ ci
rcul
atio
n /
tr
ansp
ort s
yste
m ;
pl
ants
do
not t
rans
port
(m
uch)
oxy
gen
in tr
ansp
ort
sys
tem
;
idea
that
(ox
ygen
not
sup
plie
d fr
om le
aves
as)
sto
mat
a
onl
y op
en in
day
/ no
leav
es in
win
ter
;
m
ax 2
IGN
OR
E r
efs
to n
eed
for
CO
2 / p
hoto
synt
hesi
s th
roug
hout
A
CC
EP
T c
orre
ct fo
rmul
a O
2 D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT o
xyg
en fo
r ph
otos
ynth
esis
A
CC
EP
T g
as(
es)
for
oxyg
en
AC
CE
PT
ga
s(es
) fo
r ox
ygen
T
ota
l10
F21
1 M
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Sch
em
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2013
9
Qu
esti
on
A
nsw
er
Mar
ks
Gu
idan
ce
4 (a
) (i
) 1
pla
cent
a ha
s lo
w p
O2
;
2 a
dult
(oxy
)hae
mog
lobi
n w
ill, r
elea
se O
2 /
diss
ocia
te,
(in, l
ow p
O2
/ pl
acen
ta) ;
3
feta
l hae
mog
lobi
n ha
s hi
gher
affi
nity
for
oxyg
en /
d
escr
ibed
;
4 fe
tal h
aem
oglo
bin,
is (
still
) ab
le to
take
up
(so
me)
oxy
gen,
in p
lace
nta
/ at l
ow(e
r) p
O2
;
m
ax 3
AC
CE
PT
oxy
gen
tens
ion
for
pO2
thro
ugho
ut
IGN
OR
E l
ow
er
Thi
s m
ust b
e a
com
para
tive
stat
emen
t C
RE
DIT
Idea
that
fet
al h
aem
oglo
bin
pick
s up
mor
e ox
ygen
th
an t
he a
dult
haem
oglo
bin
at a
giv
en p
O2 /
feta
l hae
mog
lobi
n pi
cks
up o
xyge
n a
t low
er p
O2
IGN
OR
E r
ef t
o ea
sier
/ q
uick
er,
upta
ke o
f O
2 T
his
is n
ot a
com
para
tive
poin
t, t
he e
mph
asis
is o
n th
e ab
ility
of
feta
l hae
mog
lobi
n to
take
up
som
e ox
ygen
eve
n w
hen
little
is
ava
ilabl
e D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT if
res
pons
e su
gges
ts t
hat
% s
atur
atio
n in
crea
ses
as p
O2 de
crea
ses
AC
CE
PT
feta
l oxy
haem
oglo
bin
(i
i)
(fet
al)
haem
oglo
bin
may
not
cry
stal
lise
(muc
h)
(at l
ow p
O2)
; re
d bl
ood
cells
do
not c
hang
e sh
ape
;
(fet
al)
haem
oglo
bin
can
pick
up
mor
e ox
ygen
at
low
pO
2
(t
han
sick
le h
aem
oglo
bin)
; id
ea th
at m
ore
oxyg
en, t
rans
port
ed /
deliv
ered
(
arou
nd b
ody)
;
m
ax 2
assu
me
cand
idat
e re
fers
to fe
tal h
aem
oglo
bin
unle
ss a
dult
/ m
ater
nal s
tate
d E
mph
asis
for
this
mp
is th
e fe
tal h
aem
oglo
bin
bein
g ab
le to
pi
ck u
p m
ore
oxyg
en t
han
sic
kle
haem
oglo
bin
C
RE
DIT
(fe
tal)
haem
oglo
bin
beco
mes
mor
e sa
tura
ted
at
low
pO
2 (t
han
sick
le h
aem
oglo
bin)
A
llow
ref
to lo
wer
pO
2 un
less
it is
impl
ied
that
fet
al
haem
oglo
bin
pick
s up
mor
e ox
ygen
at
low
er p
O2 th
an
high
er p
O2
Em
phas
is fo
r th
is m
p is
the
dist
ribut
ion
of o
xyge
n IG
NO
RE
mor
e ox
ygen
obt
aine
d by
per
son
(as
this
impl
ies
brea
thin
g)
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
10
(b
)
dif
fusi
on
;
from
hig
h co
ncen
trat
ion
to lo
w c
once
ntra
tion
/ dow
n
c
on
cen
trat
ion
gra
die
nt;
(h
ydro
stat
ic)
pre
ssu
re in
cap
illar
y hi
gh(e
r th
an in
tiss
ue
f
luid
) ;
capi
llary
(w
alls
) le
aky
/ des
crib
ed ;
flu
id /
plas
ma,
forc
ed o
ut (
of c
apill
ary)
O
R
fluid
/ pl
asm
a, m
oves
, fro
m h
ighe
r pr
essu
re to
low
er
pres
sure
/ do
wn
pres
sure
gra
dien
t ;
(as
the
fluid
/ pl
asm
a m
oves
out
) gl
ucos
e / o
xyge
n / s
mal
l m
olec
ules
, lea
ve w
ith, f
luid
/ pl
asm
a ;
max
3
IGN
OR
E d
iffus
ion
of g
luco
se t
hrou
ghou
t an
swer
‘d
own
diffu
sion
gra
dien
t’ =
1 fo
r ‘d
iffus
ion’
(m
p 1
no
t m
p 2)
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT d
iffus
ion
linke
d to
pre
ssur
e A
CC
EP
T p
O2
for
conc
entr
atio
n A
CC
EP
T p
erm
eabl
e
IGN
OR
E p
ores
/ f
enes
trat
ions
/ h
oles
A
CC
EP
T id
ea o
f sm
all g
aps
betw
een
cells
E
mph
asis
her
e is
on
pres
sure
for
cing
flu
id o
ut
DO
NO
T C
RE
DIT
tis
sue
fluid
for
ced
out
Em
phas
is h
ere
is o
n gl
ucos
e/ o
xyge
n b
eing
car
ried
out a
s a
resu
lt of
mas
s flo
w o
f flu
id (
not
diff
usio
n)
QW
C;
1
awar
d if
any
two
term
s sp
elt c
orre
ctly
and
use
d in
cor
rect
co
ntex
t fro
m:
dif
fusi
on
/ d
iffu
se, p
ress
ure
, hyd
rost
atic
, co
nce
ntr
atio
n g
rad
ien
t
T
ota
l9
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
11
Qu
esti
on
A
nsw
er
Mar
ks
Gu
idan
ce
5 (a
)
form
s, v
esic
les
/ (na
med
) or
gane
lle(s
) ;
sepa
rate
(co
nten
ts o
f) o
rgan
elle
s fr
om c
ytop
lasm
/
c
ompa
rtm
enta
lisat
ion
; si
te o
f (n
amed
), p
roce
sses
/ r
eact
ions
;
prov
ides
sur
face
for
atta
chm
ent (
of e
nzym
es /
ribos
omes
) ;
cont
rol w
hat s
ubst
ance
s, e
nter
/ le
ave,
org
anel
les
; A
VP
;
max
2
AC
CE
PT
tra
nspo
rt in
ves
icle
s e.
g. is
olat
es D
NA
fro
m c
ytop
lasm
/ se
para
te d
iffer
ent
envi
ronm
ents
/ se
para
te o
rgan
elle
s e.
g. ly
soso
mes
isol
ate
enzy
mes
(a
nd p
reve
nt d
amag
e
to
cells
) e.
g. s
epar
ates
(m
etab
olic
) re
actio
ns
IGN
OR
E a
ny
ref t
o nu
clea
r po
res
DO
NO
T C
RE
DIT
sub
stan
ces,
ent
er /
leav
e, c
ells
e.
g. a
llow
cre
atio
n of
con
cent
ratio
n gr
adie
nts
e.g.
ref
to in
trac
ellu
lar
com
mun
icat
ion
e.
g. h
old
bind
ing
site
s fo
r m
ove
men
t of
org
anel
les
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
12
(b
)
A1
ph
osp
ho
lipid
s fo
rm b
ilaye
r /d
esc
ribe
d
O
R
pho
spho
lipid
hyd
rop
ho
bic
tai
ls p
oint
ing
inw
ards
and
h
ydro
ph
ilic
head
s po
intin
g ou
t ;
F1
pro
vide
bar
rier
to, l
arge
/ po
lar
/
(nam
ed)
mol
ecul
es O
R io
ns
O
R
d
escr
ibed
;
A2
pro
tein
s fo
rm, p
ore
s /
chan
nel
/ ca
rrie
rs
OR
ex
trin
sic
/ in
trin
sic
/ tra
nsm
emb
ran
e / d
escr
ibed
,
p
rote
ins
; F
2 fo
r (a
ctiv
e) tr
ansp
ort /
co
tran
spo
rt /
f
acili
tate
d d
iffu
sio
n
OR
en
zym
es
;
A3
ch
ole
ster
ol m
olec
ules
fit,
with
in b
ilaye
r / b
etw
een
p
ho
sph
olip
id /
betw
een
fatt
y ac
ids
/ be
twee
n
(p
hosp
holip
id O
R h
ydro
phob
ic)
tails
;
F3
sta
bilis
e m
embr
ane
(str
uctu
re)
/ reg
ulat
es fl
uidi
ty ;
m
ax 4
Mar
k th
e fi
rst
two
co
mp
on
ents
list
ed o
nly
A
war
d m
arks
fo
r su
itab
ly la
bel
led
dia
gra
m(s
) M
ark
po
ints
are
lin
ked
– e
nsu
re t
he
fun
ctio
n m
atch
es
the
com
po
nen
t e.
g. D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT a
n en
zym
e ar
rang
ed a
s a
chan
nel
prot
ein
AC
CE
PT
pho
spho
lipid
bila
yer
A
CC
EP
T O
RA
– o
nly
allo
w s
mal
l / n
on-p
olar
mol
ecul
es to
pa
ss t
hrou
gh
e.g.
pre
vent
s m
ove
men
t of g
luco
se a
cros
s m
embr
ane
AC
CE
PT
po
re /
cha
nnel
/ ca
rrie
r, p
rote
in
AC
CE
PT
pro
tein
em
bedd
ed in
bila
yer
AC
CE
PT
cor
rect
ref
to m
ove
men
t of (
appr
opria
te)
subs
tanc
e(s)
acr
oss
mem
bran
e
AC
CE
PT
be
twee
n bi
laye
r IG
NO
RE
incr
ease
s flu
idity
/ re
duce
s rig
idity
/ st
reng
then
s /
keep
s it
fluid
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
13
A4
gly
cop
rote
ins
/ g
lyco
lipid
s ,
on s
urfa
ce /
stic
king
out
fr
om s
urfa
ce, (
of c
ell s
urfa
ce m
embr
ane
) ;
F4
cel
l sig
nal
lin
g /
rece
pto
r si
tes
/ ad
hes
ion
/
an
tig
ens
/ rec
ogni
tion
O
R
sta
bilis
ing
(cel
l sha
pe)
;
Ens
ure
cand
idat
e is
ref
errin
g to
the
sur
face
of a
m
embr
ane
rath
er th
an th
e ce
ll su
rfac
e m
embr
ane
unqu
alifi
ed
CR
ED
IT Id
ea o
f gly
copr
otei
ns /
glyc
olip
ids
on in
ner
surf
ace
or o
uter
sur
face
of (
cell
surf
ace)
mem
bra
ne
IGN
OR
E g
lyco
prot
ein
/ gl
ycol
ipid
s em
bedd
ed in
m
embr
ane
QW
C ;
1
No
te:
on
ly a
war
d t
his
mar
k fo
r te
rms
use
d in
d
escr
ipti
on
of
firs
t tw
o c
om
po
nen
ts –
an
d o
nly
aw
ard
if
giv
en in
co
rrec
t d
escr
ipti
on
as
sho
wn
bel
ow
. aw
ard
if a
ny tw
o te
rms
spel
t cor
rect
ly a
nd u
sed
in c
orr
ect
con
text
from
: fo
r pho
spho
lipid
s ac
cept
: ph
osp
ho
lipid
, bila
yer,
h
ydro
ph
ilic
, hyd
rop
ho
bic
fo
r pro
tein
s ac
cept
: pro
tein
, po
re, c
han
nel
, car
rier
, en
zym
e, in
trin
sic,
ext
rin
sic,
tra
nsm
emb
ran
e,
cotr
ansp
ort
, fac
ilita
ted
dif
fusi
on
fo
r cho
lest
erol
acc
ept:
cho
lest
ero
l, f
atty
aci
d,
ph
osp
ho
lip
id
for g
lyco
prot
ein
/ gly
colip
id a
ccep
t: g
lyco
pro
tein
, g
lyco
lipid
, cel
l sig
nal
(l)i
ng
, rec
epto
r, a
dh
esio
n,
anti
gen
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
14
(c
) (i
) (p
hosp
holip
id)
bila
yer
;
1
(ii)
(n
amed
) pr
ote
ins
;
1 A
CC
EP
T g
lyco
prot
eins
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT c
oenz
ymes
(i
ii)id
ea th
at: f
reez
ing
/ def
rost
ing,
dam
ages
the,
p
erox
isom
e / (
plas
ma)
me
mbr
ane
; in
crea
ses
perm
eabi
lity
of m
embr
ane
to, e
nzym
e / h
ydro
gen
pero
xide
;
mor
e hy
dro
gen
pero
xide
bro
ken
dow
n (s
o m
ore
oxy
gen
rel
ease
d) ;
max
2
eg fo
rmat
ion
of ic
e cr
ysta
ls c
ause
s m
embr
ane
dam
age
/ pe
roxi
som
es
burs
t IG
NO
RE
de
natu
red
for
dam
aged
IG
NO
RE
mem
bran
es b
ecom
e m
ore
leak
y un
qual
ified
A
CC
EP
T r
elea
se e
nzym
e
AC
CE
PT
hyd
roge
n pe
roxi
de /
subs
trat
e, b
roke
n do
wn
at a
hi
gher
rat
e IG
NO
RE
hig
her
rate
of r
eact
ion
unqu
alifi
ed /
high
er r
ate
of
oxyg
en p
rod
uctio
n
To
tal
11
F21
1 M
ark
Sch
em
e Ju
ne
2013
15
6 (a
)
tra
nspi
ratio
n
loss
of w
ater
vap
our
/ eva
pora
tion
of w
ater
;
from
, aer
ial p
arts
of p
lant
/ le
aves
/ st
omat
a ;
tra
nspi
ratio
n st
ream
m
ove
men
t of w
ater
(up
xyl
em v
esse
ls)
; fr
om r
oots
to, l
eave
s / a
ir su
rrou
ndin
g le
aves
;
m
ax 3
IGN
OR
E e
vapo
ratio
n of
wat
er v
apou
r
(b
)
F ;
G
;
K ;
3
Onl
y on
e tic
k pe
r se
t – if
mor
e th
an o
ne ti
ck th
en a
pply
C
ON
IG
NO
RE
cro
sses
and
hyb
rid
cros
ses
(c)
X
ylem
P
hloe
m
(nam
ed)
min
eral
(s)
/ sal
ts
sucr
ose
/ am
ino
acid
s no
, en
d /
cros
s,
wal
ls
ligni
n
(bor
dere
d) p
its
Pla
smod
esm
ata
4
Aw
ard
1 m
ark
for
a co
rrec
t ro
w.
IGN
OR
E io
ns
unqu
alifi
ed /
nutr
ient
s IG
NO
RE
pro
tein
s /
suga
rs /
min
eral
s /
salts
for
phl
oem
D
O N
OT
CR
ED
IT g
luco
se
IGN
OR
E c
ont
inuo
us t
ube
DO
NO
T C
RE
DIT
hol
es
/ por
es
To
tal
10
; ; ; ;
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