advanced spoken english: conversation analysis
DESCRIPTION
Advanced Spoken English: Conversation Analysis. Note: this PPT uses some slides from a session “Talk at Work” given by Prof. Dr. Jürgen Beneke on 04.11.2003. What is conversation I. interchange through speech of information, ideas etc. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Note: this PPT uses some slides from a session “Talk at Work” given by Prof. Dr. Jürgen Beneke on
04.11.2003
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interchange through speech of information, ideas etc.
an informal talk in which people exchange news, feelings and thoughts
Related terms:
discourse serious speech or piece of writing on a particular subject
differences: more formal, less interactive
communicationprocess of creation, transmission and receiving of messages
conversation is a part of communication
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Conversation is not a structural product in the same way that a sentence is – it is rather the outcome of two or more independent, goal-directed individuals, with often divergent interests.
Stephen C Levinson
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social process verbal exchange between two or more
persons bound to a conventional system of usage bound to a shared vocabulary takes place constantly in social
interaction verbal and non-verbal components
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talk makes things happen, and the conversation analyst has something to say about how.
CA is now a settled discipline, developed since the pioneering work in the sixties by the sociologist Harvey Sacks
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discover phenomena of conversation and its organization
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How do participants of a social action structure, order and coordinate their action, the action of others and the actual situation
formal principles and mechanism of social organization and verbal and non-verbal interaction
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analyze naturally occurring material inductive way of research
audio/video recording and transcription
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sequence analysis
no analysis of singular sentences
problem of categorization: no analysis taken out of the sequence will bring the correct resultsentences are context-bound
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A: Do you have a cigarette?B: Yes I do.
question as a linguistic form ≠ question as a conversational object
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opening and closing conversation topic-organization turn-taking adjacency pairs next speaker selection
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Describes what people are saying as…- transmission of news- requesting - invitation - compliments- denial- complaints- arguments etc.
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Studies on structural characteristics of interaction in judicial, educational, medical and psychological institutions....
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Current speaker Next speaker
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Current speaker may select next speaker
Next speaker may self-select himself
Current speaker may continue speaking
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Question - answer Greeting - greeting Offer – acceptance Request - acceptance Complaint – excuse
Fundamental unit to conversational organization
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A sequence of two utterances Adjacent Produced by different speakers Ordered as a first pair part (FPP) and a
second pair part (SPP) An FPP requires a SPP Given a first, not anything goes as a
second
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Eg. “Do you know how to get to Building 117?”
Answer Assurance of ignorance Suggestion for asking someone else (re-
routing) Postponement Refusal to provide an answer
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starting and closing a conversation
moves in conversations
First utterance has the function of selecting next speaker
Components can be used to build longer sequences
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Adjacency pairs embedded in adjacency pairs(Insert expansions)
Clarifying
Delay of expected response
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A: Can I borrow your car? questionB: When?A: This afternoon. insertionB: For how long? sequencesA: A couple of hours.B: Okay. answer
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Sometimes, an adjacency pair is inserted before another (related) adjacency pair, in order to: Set the stage
E.g. Pre-announcement A: Did you hear the news? FPP B: No, what? SPP A : I’m engaged! FPP (core:
announcement) B: WOW! SPP
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Protect the speaker E.g. Pre- invitation A: Are you busy tomorrow night? FPP B: No, no plans. SPP A: Shall we go to the movies? FPP (core:
invite) B: Sure! SPP
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Protect the listener E.g. Asking something delicate A: Can I ask you something kind of personal
FPP B: Yeah, go ahead
SPP A: Exactly how do you feel about Norman?
FPP (core: delicate question)
B: I like him a lot, but there’s nothing between us, if that’s what you mean. SPP
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Post-expansions are (related)APs that occur after another (core) AP. They may also be used for clarification.
E.g. A: Who was it said you couldn’t go FPP
(core) B: Steve SPP A: Who’s he? FPP B: He’s in charge of registration, he said they
were full up SPP
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Sometimes, an adjacency pair will have a third part to it.
This is called the Sequence Closing Third (SC3)
E.g. A: Could you do this for me? FPP B: Sure! SPP A: Great! SC3
SC3s are a type of post-expansion.
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