advanced manufacturing systems design © 2000 john w. nazemetz lecture 2 topic : computer integrated...
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Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Computer Integrated ManufacturingIntegrated Manufacturing
Segment A Topic:Segment A Topic: Definition and Key Definition and Key Concepts 1 and 2Concepts 1 and 2
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 2
ADVANCED ADVANCED MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGNSYSTEMS DESIGN
Computer Integrated Computer Integrated ManufacturingManufacturing
Definition andDefinition and
Key Concepts 1 and 2Key Concepts 1 and 2
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 3
Computer Integrated Computer Integrated Manufacturing SystemsManufacturing Systems• DefinitionDefinition
– Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 4
Initial Reaction to Initial Reaction to DefinitionDefinition
• Long DefinitionLong Definition– Quite a Mouthful?
• A Long List of Adjectives and NounsA Long List of Adjectives and Nouns– Trying to be Too Encompassing?
• Lot of “Buzz-Words”Lot of “Buzz-Words”– What Does It Really Mean?
• Need to Break into Components to Need to Break into Components to Understand the ConceptsUnderstand the Concepts
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 5
Key Concept in CIM Key Concept in CIM Definition (1)Definition (1)
• Systems which enable theSystems which enable the
integrated, rationalizedintegrated, rationalized,, design, development, design, development, implementation, operation and implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 6
What is Integrated and What is Integrated and Rationalized??Rationalized??
• Operational ConceptOperational Concept
• Physical Concept Physical Concept
• Manufacturing Concept Manufacturing Concept
• Maintenance Concept Maintenance Concept
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 7
Operational Concept for Operational Concept for Part/DesignPart/Design
• Function(s)Function(s)• Factors of SafetyFactors of Safety• QualityQuality• Service LifeService Life• MaintenanceMaintenance• CompetitionCompetition• ......
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 8
Physical Concept for Physical Concept for Part/DesignPart/Design
• Form/Features Form/Features • Existing Forms Existing Forms • Precision/Process CapabilitiesPrecision/Process Capabilities• Excess/Available CapacityExcess/Available Capacity• Materials in UseMaterials in Use• Embody All ConceptsEmbody All Concepts• … …
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 9
Manufacturing Concept Manufacturing Concept for Part/Designfor Part/Design
• VolumeVolume• VarianceVariance• PrecisionPrecision• Existing ProductsExisting Products• Existing FacilitiesExisting Facilities• Existing and Evolving Production Existing and Evolving Production
TechnologyTechnology• ……
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 10
Maintenance Concept Maintenance Concept for Part/Designfor Part/Design
• AuthorityAuthority– Configuration Management
• ResponsibilityResponsibility
• Customer ExpectationsCustomer Expectations
• Available Skills and Tools Available Skills and Tools
• … …
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 11
Key Concepts in CIM Key Concepts in CIM Definition (2)Definition (2)
• Systems which enable the Systems which enable the integrated, rationalizedintegrated, rationalized design, design, development, implementation, development, implementation, operation and improvement of operation and improvement of production facilities and their production facilities and their outputoutput over the life cycle of the over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 12
What is “Design”?What is “Design”?• Set of ActivitiesSet of Activities
– Define Requirements (All Viewpoints)– Conceptualize Candidate Solutions to
Meet Each Requirement– Analyze Concepts
• Operational Feasibility
– Synthesis of Concepts into Alternatives– Analysis of Alternatives
• Gather Data• Quantify Using Same Basis, Customer
Viewpoint
– Select “Current Best” Solution/Solutions
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 13
What is What is “Development”?“Development”?
• Addition of Details to Initial Design Addition of Details to Initial Design Concepts (Reduction of Uncertainty)Concepts (Reduction of Uncertainty)– Geometric Model(s)– Simulation and Analysis– Prototyping and Testing
• Product Configuration• Facility Configuration• Personnel and Support Organization• Operation• Maintenance• Disposal
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 14
Development Occurs Development Occurs Until ImplementationUntil Implementation
• Concepts are Continuously Concepts are Continuously (Re)Analyzed in Light of the New Data (Re)Analyzed in Light of the New Data and New Viewpoints Concerning the and New Viewpoints Concerning the Product and Its Production Product and Its Production
• Developers Must Be Willing to Developers Must Be Willing to ReconceptualizeReconceptualize
• Continues Until Reasonably Certain Continues Until Reasonably Certain that Design Will “Work” or Available that Design Will “Work” or Available Time/$ Exhausted and Risk Is Time/$ Exhausted and Risk Is Taken/AvoidedTaken/Avoided
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 15
ImplementationImplementation
• Begins When Design is “Frozen” Begins When Design is “Frozen” and the Contractual Arrangements and the Contractual Arrangements for Securing of Production Facilities for Securing of Production Facilities are Madeare Made
• Continues until First Acceptable Continues until First Acceptable Products are Produced via the Products are Produced via the Facilities for Delivery to CustomersFacilities for Delivery to Customers
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 16
OperationOperation
• ProductProduct– Done by the Consumer
• Requirement Definitions and Functionality Tested– As Stand Alone Product– As Part of a Product
• New Requirements Fed-Back
• Production FacilitiesProduction Facilities– Done by Manufacturer
• Actual Results Compared to Design Predictions• Unanticipated Results Identified
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 17
ImprovementImprovement• Improvement is “Design-Improvement is “Design-
Development-Implement” Based on Development-Implement” Based on “Real World” Experience Rather than “Real World” Experience Rather than Conjecture and PrototypeConjecture and Prototype
• Often Done in “Spurts”, Frequency Is Often Done in “Spurts”, Frequency Is Strategic DecisionStrategic Decision
• Limited by Cost to Change Physical Limited by Cost to Change Physical Facilities and Inability to Abandon Facilities and Inability to Abandon Investments (Financial and Emotional) Investments (Financial and Emotional)
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer ComputerIntegrated Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing
SystemsSystems
Segment A Topic:Segment A Topic: Definition and Definition and Key Concepts 1 and 2Key Concepts 1 and 2
END OF SEGMENTEND OF SEGMENT
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Computer Integrated Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing
SystemsSystems
Segment B Topic:Segment B Topic: Definition and Key Definition and Key Concepts 3 through 6Concepts 3 through 6
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 20
ADVANCED ADVANCED MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGNSYSTEMS DESIGN
Computer Integrated Computer Integrated Manufacturing Manufacturing
Systems:Systems:Definition Key ConceptsDefinition Key Concepts
3 through 63 through 6
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 21
Key Concepts in CIM Key Concepts in CIM Definition (3)Definition (3)
• Systems which enable the integrated, Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities improvement of production facilities and their outputand their output over the life cycle over the life cycle of the product.of the product. These systems These systems identify and use appropriate identify and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at technology to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.minimum cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 22
Entire Life Cycle Must Entire Life Cycle Must Be CoveredBe Covered
• ““What is to Be”What is to Be”• ““Initial Production”Initial Production”• ““Improvement”Improvement”• ““Sustainment”Sustainment”
– Reduction in Volume– Changes in Suppliers, Environment, Use
• Several Improvement/Sustainment Several Improvement/Sustainment Cycles LikelyCycles Likely
• ““Disposal”Disposal”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 23
Evolution of a ProductEvolution of a ProductProduct “Life Cycles” Run Concurrently
Product Development Life Cycle
Product Operation Life Cycle
Product Support Life Cycle
ProductConcept
DesignProduct
ManufactureProduct
Test/AcceptProduct
DeployProduct
OperationalConcept
SupportConcept
OperationalRequirements
DefineSupportSystems
ImplementSupportSystems
Define StandardOperationProcedures
Test/AcceptSupport Systems
TrainOperators
OperateProduct
SupportProduct
WithdrawProduct
Dispose ofProduct
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 24
Evolution of a Product’s Evolution of a Product’s Production FacilityProduction Facility
Production Facility “Life Cycles” Run ConcurrentlyFacility Development Life Cycle
Facility Operation Life Cycle
Facility Support Life Cycle
ProductConcept
DesignProduct
ManufactureProduct
Test/AcceptProduct
DeployProduct
OperationalConcept
SupportConcept
OperationalRequirements
DefineSupportSystems
ImplementSupportSystems
Define StandardOperationProcedures
Test/AcceptSupport Systems
TrainOperators
OperateProduct
SupportProduct
WithdrawProduct
Dispose ofProduct
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 25
Key Concepts in CIM Key Concepts in CIM Definition (4)Definition (4)
• Systems which enable the integrated, Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systemsthe product. These systems identify identify and use appropriate technologyand use appropriate technology to achieve their goals at minimum to achieve their goals at minimum cost and effort.cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 26
Appropriate Appropriate TechnologyTechnology
• CIM is NOT ALWAYS HIGH TECHCIM is NOT ALWAYS HIGH TECH• Early Decisions Suffer from Lack of Early Decisions Suffer from Lack of
DataData• Common Sense and Simplicity Must Be Common Sense and Simplicity Must Be
AppliedApplied• Cost/Benefit of Information Must Cost/Benefit of Information Must
Always be AssessedAlways be Assessed– Cost of Developing Model– Cost of Organizing Data– Time to Decision/Cost of Delay
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 27
Key Concept in CIM Key Concept in CIM Definition (5)Definition (5)
• Systems which enable the integrated, Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology toand use appropriate technology to achieve their goalsachieve their goals at minimum at minimum cost and effort.cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 28
GoalsGoals
• Must Be System-Wide, not ParochialMust Be System-Wide, not Parochial• Measurable Goals are a MustMeasurable Goals are a Must• Not Only a Vision, Also a Stopping Not Only a Vision, Also a Stopping
PointPoint– Key to Balanced Design
• Requirements Based on Goal Requirements Based on Goal StatementsStatements
• Requirements Drive the Design Requirements Drive the Design DecisionsDecisions
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 29
Key Concept in CIM Key Concept in CIM Definition (6)Definition (6)
• Systems which enable the integrated, Systems which enable the integrated, rationalized design, development, rationalized design, development, implementation, operation and implementation, operation and improvement of production facilities improvement of production facilities and their output over the life cycle of and their output over the life cycle of the product. These systems identify the product. These systems identify and use appropriate technology to and use appropriate technology to achieve their goals atachieve their goals at minimum minimum cost and effort.cost and effort.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 30
Minimum Cost and Minimum Cost and EffortEffort
• Measured Across the Full Life CycleMeasured Across the Full Life Cycle– Internal– Externalized
• Short TermShort Term– Concerned with Payback/Recovery of
Investment
• Long TermLong Term– Concerned with Operation/Continuing
Costs
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer ComputerIntegrated Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing
SystemsSystems
Segment B Topic:Segment B Topic: Definition Key Definition Key Concepts 3 through 6Concepts 3 through 6
END OF SEGMENTEND OF SEGMENT
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Computer Integrated Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing
SystemsSystems
Segment C Topic:Segment C Topic: CIM Systems CIM Systems EvolutionEvolution
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 33
ADVANCED ADVANCED MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGNSYSTEMS DESIGN
Computer Integrated Computer Integrated Manufacturing Manufacturing
Systems:Systems:
CIM Systems EvolutionCIM Systems Evolution
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 34
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Recognition of Need)(Recognition of Need)
•A Need is Identified
•It is Accepted as Valid (Requirements Defined)
NEED
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 35
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Ideation)(Ideation)
IDEAS
Ideas/Concepts for Solutions are Generated
•Concepts are Documented. Concept not Detailed - Used to Communicate, Convey, and Document
NEED
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 36
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Conceptualization)(Conceptualization)
IDEAS
•Concept Synthesis
•Preliminary (Feasibility) Assessment
•All Viewpoints Assess Concepts
•Iteration on Concepts Occurs
•“Current Best” Concept Emerges
NEED
Conceptfor Solution
Different Usersand Viewpoints
Current Best
Input andAssessment
Feed
back
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 37
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Concept Development)(Concept Development)
IDEAS
NEED
Conceptfor Solution
Different Usersand Viewpoints
Current Best
Input andAssessment
Feed
back
New Current Best Concept
DEVELOPMENT
CAD
CAPP
FE
LINE BALANCE
DFM
ETC. ...
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 38
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Development Details)(Development Details)
Current Best
New Current Best Concept
DEVELOPMENT
CAD
CAPP
FE
LINE BALANCE
DFM
ETC. ...
After Concept(s) Firmed Up • More Details Added
•Formal Documentation
•Additional Modeling and Analysis Undertaken
•Computer Aided Tools Used
•Optimization of Current Best (ONLY!!) Sought
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 39
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Implementation)(Implementation)
New Current Best Concept
DEVELOPMENT
CAD
CAPP
FE
LINE BALANCE
DFM
ETC. ...
Drawings
Models
Specifications
Materials
Design Logic
Layout
Equipment
Staffing
Production Strategy
IMPLEMENTATION
PRODUCT FACILITY
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 40
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Implementation Details)(Implementation Details)
Drawings
Models
Specifications
Materials
Design Logic
Layout
Equipment
Staffing
Production Strategy
IMPLEMENTATION
PRODUCT FACILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
•Physical Realization of Plans•Plant•Equipment•Product
•Execution of Plans•Production Schedules•Planned Processes•Distribution•Marketing•Quality•Operations•Maintenance•Support
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 41
CIM Systems Evolution CIM Systems Evolution (Operation)(Operation)
Drawings
Models
Specifications
Materials
Design Logic
Layout
Equipment
Staffing
Production Strategy
IMPLEMENTATION
PRODUCT FACILITY
OPERATE
•Improvement•Feedback•Iterate
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 42
DISPOSAL/DECOMMISIONING
•Arrange for Continued Support
•Archive Records
•Recycle Assets
•Dispose of Assets
A Model of CIM SystemsA Model of CIM Systems (Disposal and Decommissioning)(Disposal and Decommissioning)
OPERATE
•Improvement•Feedback•Iterate
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Computer Integrated Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing
Systems Systems
Segment C Topic:Segment C Topic: CIM Systems CIM Systems EvolutionEvolution
END OF SEGMENTEND OF SEGMENT
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Computer Integrated Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing
SystemsSystems
Segment D Topic:Segment D Topic: Alternate Names Alternate Names and Historical Perspectiveand Historical Perspective
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 45
ADVANCED ADVANCED MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGNSYSTEMS DESIGN
Computer Integrated Computer Integrated Manufacturing Manufacturing
Systems:Systems: Alternate Names and Alternate Names and Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 46
Alternate NamesAlternate Names
• NamesNames– CAx Systems– CAD/CAM Systems– CAE Systems (E => Engineering or
Enterprise)
– Integrated Enterprises– Virtual Enterprises– Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• Systems Concepts are KeySystems Concepts are Key
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 47
Historical Historical Interpretation Interpretation Problems (1)Problems (1)
• CAD/CAMCAD/CAM– CAD Was Simply Drafting, CAM Was
Simply NC– “Design” Was Too Narrowly Defined
and Interpreted– “Manufacturing” Was Too Narrowly
Defined and Interpred– Definition Was Divided by Discipline
(CAD=>ME’s, CAM =>IE’s)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 48
Historical Historical Interpretation Interpretation Problems (2)Problems (2)
• CAx SystemsCAx Systems– Systems Nature Not Included– Functionally Focused, Discipline
“Ownership”– No Appreciation for Data
Sharing/Exchange
• CAECAE– Became “Computer Aided Everything”– Too Broad, Subjective, Essentially
Meaningless
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 49
Historical Historical Interpretation Interpretation Problems (3)Problems (3)
• Integrated EnterprisesIntegrated Enterprises– Too Broad, Subjective– No “Buy In” to Term by Small Businesses
Who Find “Enterprises” Too Pretentious
• Virtual EnterprisesVirtual Enterprises– New Term -- “Virtual” not Well Understood– Small Business Do Not Feel Part of
“Virtual” World– Large Business Do Not Regard Themselves
as “Virtual”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 50
Historical Historical Interpretation Interpretation Problems (4)Problems (4)• Computer Integrated ManufacturingComputer Integrated Manufacturing
– No Systems Perspective Included in Definition
– CIM is Interpreted as “CAM”– Implies Manufacturing Only
• Computer Integrated Manufacturing Computer Integrated Manufacturing SystemsSystems– May be Best by Elimination– Requires Broad Interpretation of
“Manufacturing”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 51
Historical Problems In Historical Problems In CIM Systems (1)CIM Systems (1)
• Independent Simultaneous Independent Simultaneous DevelopmentDevelopment– Discipline Based– No Overall Application
Coordination/Guidance• No Universal Data Models• No Universal Data Standards• De Facto Standards Evolution
– DXF– IGES
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 52
Historical Problems In Historical Problems In CIM Systems (2)CIM Systems (2)
• Integration Occurred at Company LevelIntegration Occurred at Company Level– Culture Slow to Change
• No Intra-Company IntegrationNo Intra-Company Integration– Tools
• CAD Precision Problems• File Translation Problem• Vendor Cooperation
– Partners/SubContractors• Different Systems of Choice• Manual Translation/Interpretaion Requirements• Non-Digital Communication Used
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 53
Those Affected By Those Affected By Problems (1)Problems (1)
• The Defense Logistics AgencyThe Defense Logistics Agency– Acquisition of Parts for Aging Weapons
Systems• Legacy Data• Manufacturing Base
– Loss of OEM’s– Cost Savings with SME’s
• Large OEM’sLarge OEM’s– Coordination of World Wide Activities
• Round the Clock Design Activities• International Communication• Internal Communication• External Communication
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 54
Those Affected By Those Affected By Problems (2)Problems (2)
• SME’sSME’s– Working with “Larger Partners”– Forming Own Partnering (VE’s)
• CustomersCustomers– Cost Pressures/Esculation– Customization of Products– Smaller Lot Sizes– Lead Time Reduction (JIT)– Reliable Suppliers (JIT)
• In a Word - “Everybody”In a Word - “Everybody”
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 55
““Solutions” Attempted Solutions” Attempted (1)(1)
• Interdisciplinary TrainingInterdisciplinary Training– Industrial Programs– Academic Programs
• Interdisciplinary Work GroupsInterdisciplinary Work Groups– Co-Location of Discipline Experts– Cross training and Job Sharing– Project Grouping (Matrix
Organizations)– Incorporation of Workers, Marketing,
Etc. in Project/Design Groups
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 56
““Solutions” Attempted Solutions” Attempted (2)(2)
• Common Data Models/Exchange Common Data Models/Exchange FormatsFormats– Numerical Control– IGES– Vendor De Facto Standards– Common Systems/Vendors– Duplicate/Satellite Data Bases (One-
Way)– Customized (to Recipient) Download of
Data– Proactive Standards Development
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 57
Two Solution DriversTwo Solution Drivers
• Communication Networks Communication Networks – Internet– Integrated Data
• Exchanged• Shared via Repositories/Warehouses
• Accepted, Publicly Available Data Accepted, Publicly Available Data Models and StandardsModels and Standards– STandard for Exchange of Product
Model Data - STEP (ISO 10303)– eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 58
InternetInternet• Instantaneous, World-Wide Instantaneous, World-Wide
CommunicationCommunication• Established InfrastructureEstablished Infrastructure• Can be SecuredCan be Secured• Standard Access ToolsStandard Access Tools• Links to Files/DataLinks to Files/Data
– Local Maintenance– Global Access– Single Copy of Data
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 59
Integrated Data Integrated Data ConceptConcept
• Data Sharing/Warehousing using Data Sharing/Warehousing using Standardized, Neutral Data Standardized, Neutral Data Formats (e.g. STEP)Formats (e.g. STEP)
• Information Model (Standardized) Information Model (Standardized) is Distinct from Data is Distinct from Data Implementation (Customized)Implementation (Customized)
• Existing Systems used as Existing Systems used as appropriateappropriate
• New Systems Easily Incorporated.New Systems Easily Incorporated.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 60
Integrated Data UseIntegrated Data Use
Users Views Single LogicalDatabase
Source Data
STEP technologies are used to extract data from various sources and presents views of the data needed by each end-user
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 61
ConceptConcept
Data Flow - Neutral and Standard Formats
Data Interface
DataInterface
Requisition
Shipping Order
Technical Data
Bid
Query
DataInterface
LOCAL
LOCAL
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 2 Topic :Lecture 2 Topic : Computer Computer Integrated Manufacturing Integrated Manufacturing
SystemsSystems
Segment D Topic:Segment D Topic: Alternate Names Alternate Names and Historical Perspectiveand Historical Perspective
END OF SEGMENTEND OF SEGMENTEND OF LECTUREEND OF LECTURE