advanced ionospheric sounding with vertical incidence
TRANSCRIPT
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AdvancedIonospheric Sounding
withVertical Incidence
Pulsed Ionospheric Radar
Dr. Terry BullettUniversity of Colorado Boulder
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental [email protected]
In Cooperation with:National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Geophysical Data CenterSolar and Terrestrial Physics Division
For:LISN WorkshopNovember 2011
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Outline
● Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar ● Impulse Response and Precision Range● O/X Polarization● Shuffle Mode● Meteor Trails● Shuttle Modified Ionosphere● Daily Summaries● Autoscaling● VIPIR Locations● Resources
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Research Ionosonde: Wallops Island, USA Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospherc Radar (Dynasonde)
VIPIR Receive Array
Transmit Antenna (simulated)
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Typical LPA Radiation Pattern
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Wallops Tx Antenna Performance
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Puerto Maldonado Tx Antenna
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WI937 Signal and Noise Spectrum
50 dB
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PM91K Signal and Noise Spectrum
35dB
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Receive Antennas: San Juan4m dipoles , 5m high
San Juan ObservatoryPuerto Rico
Vertical Gain vs Frequency
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Circular Polarization Example
● Two orthogonal antennas
● Separate receivers
● O and X mode signals
● Magnitude [dB]
● Phase [deg]
● -90 for O-mode
● +90 for X-mode
● Phase shift even receiver data +90 and – 90 and sum with odd receiver data
SJJ18_2010308180508.RIQ
+90
-90
Rx2-X
Rx1-X
Rx1-O
Rx2-O
Equatorial O/X Polarizations are orthogonal linear!
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Polarization Example
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Receive Array: San Juan
Antennas at locations: -9 -3 -1 0 +4Gives separations of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13Units of 7m
Can use any 8 antennassimultaneously
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Precision Range● Use the high SNR and precise receiver response● Properly sampled receiver output● Fit a raised cosine function to the amplitude data
● Ao, Ro, W Ax =Ao [ 12 1cos
x−RoW ]
4
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Impulse Response Fitting
Ao=58.6 ; Ro=166.7Ax=53.3 ; Rx=176.9
Precision is about 0.1 range gate (150m)Depending on SNR and echo separation
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Measuring Es Thickness
● Precise echo range from VIPIR Receiver impulse response
● Fit parabolic layer● foEs= 2.37 MHz● hmEs= 104.6 km● ymEs= 3.84 km
N h=N m 1−h−H m
2
Y m2
Wallops Island30Oct07 03:47UT
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Interferometry● The phase difference
between spaced antennas related to the angle of arrival of a plane radio wave
● Issues:
● 2π ambiguity ● Non-plane wave● Mutual Coupling
● Multiple spacings aid to resolve this problem
● Room for Improvement
D
1 2
k
2−2=∣k∣D sin
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Shuffle ModeInterleave a sweep frequency ionogram with a fixed frequency HF radar observation on a pulse-by-pulse basis
Sweep Pulse 1Sweep Pulse 2Sweep Pulse 3
Sweep Pulse N
Tim
e
Fixed Pulse 1Fixed Pulse 2Fixed Pulse 3
Fixed Pulse N
Tim
e
Sweep Pulse 1Fixed Pulse 1
Sweep Pulse 2Fixed Pulse 2
Sweep Pulse 3Fixed Pulse 3
Sweep Pulse NFixed Pulse N
Tim
e+
● More efficient use of radar resources
● Addresses rapid scale dynamics
200GB per day!
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Shuffle Mode Ionogram
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Shuffle Mode Fixed Frequency
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Meteor Trails at 18.6 MHz
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Meteor Trail Data
q
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Meteor Trails at 5.8 MHz
12 3
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Meteor Signals
Vlos= 41 m/s
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Shuttle Modified Ionosphere
300 km
T+08:00T+04:00
105 km
113 km
STS-135 Trajectory
Modified IonosphereSignature
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Shuttle Modified Ionosphere
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Detailed View
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PM91K 3D Power Spectrum
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WI937 3D SNR Spectrum: E-Layer
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Autoscaling: ESIR● Expert System for Ionogram Reduction● URSI Characteristics● Electron Density Profiles
ESIR Scaled Ionogram
5-day foF2 Plot
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VIPIR Facilities
Planned (11)Current (7)
Updated August 2011
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Credits
● LISN Program
● Boston College
● NOAA National Geophysical Data Center
● NASA Wallops Island Flight Facility
● NASA Heliospheric Division
● US Geological Survey
● US Air Force Research Laboratory
● US Naval Research Laboratory
● Scion Associates
● Jicamarca Radio Observatory
● All ionosonde data producers who freely share their data!
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Questions?
SpaceWeather?
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Internet Resources
● World Data Center A, Boulder: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/ionohome.html
● Digisondes and ARTIST : http://ulcar.uml.edu/
● Autoscala: http://roma2.rm.ingv.it/en/facilities/software/18/autoscala
● ESIR : http://www.spacenv.com/
● Dynasonde21: [email protected] ; [email protected]
● Low-latitude Ionospheric Sensing System: http://jro.igp.gob.pe/lisn/
● Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionosphere Radar (VIPIR): [email protected]
● Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI): http://cadiweb.physics.uwo.ca/
● Ionospheric Prediction Services (IPS): http://www.ips.gov.au/
● Ionosonde Network Advisory Group (INAG) http://www.ips.gov.au/IPSHosted/INAG/
● SPIDR: http://spidr.ngdc.noaa.gov/spidr/index.jsp