E n e r g y R e s e a r c h a n d D e v e l o p m e n t D i v i s i o n F I N A L P R O J E C T R E P O R T

ADVANCED INTEGRATED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: Personal Comfort Systems and Radiant Slab Systems Appendix C - 1.7.2 October 2013 Human Comfort Research Program Presentation

DECE MBER 2016 CE C-500-2016-068-APC

Prepared for: California Energy Commission Prepared by: Center for the Built Environment University of California, Berkeley

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Human Comfort Research Program

CBEEdward ArensWilmer PasutFred BaumanAnoop HonnekeriTiefeng YuMarc FountainKristine WalkerGail BragerMing FuCharlie Huizenga

Hui ZhangYongchao ZhaiDarryl  DickerhoffMargaret PigmanTyler HoytJohn GoinsKit ElsworthStefano SchiavonJuyoun Lee

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New personnel

Yongchao Zhai hired as a postdoc

Ph.D. from Southern China Technology Institute

Worked with CBE for 2 years as a visiting student (2010 – 2012)

Expert at thermal comfort, and anything related to air movement

Very familiar with literature in thermal comfort area, and with doing laboratory and field studies

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Outline of the presentation

Personal comfort system (PCS) field demonstrations

Technology development: CBE’s heated/cooled chair

Demonstration in four campus buildings

Lab studies

Comfort in warm environments with air movement and a higher metabolic rate

Outreach to profession

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Why personal comfort systems?

Benefits

PCS provides individual comfort

PCS enables an expanded thermostat setpoint range

~10% HVAC energy saving per 1° C increase in setpoint range

Objectives

To provide comfort in all types of buildings

To save energy in HVAC buildings by expanding the range of comfortable indoor temperatures

PCS

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Technology development: 34 heated/cooled chairs built

UC Berkeley has filed a patent application

Now it is time to give the chair a name!

Funding: CEC/PIER funding, by CIEE through SPEED programMax heating power 14 WMax cooling power 3.6 W

control panel and occupancy sensor

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Demonstration buildings

building Temp. control

Issues Objective PCSs

1. Doe Annex Library

HVAC Comfort andEnergy saving in winter

18 fan + footwarmers

2. CesarChavez Student Union

No mech. cooling

Hot and cold discomfort

Comfort in summer and winter

18 Chairs andfan + footwarmers

3. Stanley Hall, lab building

HVAC Summer overcooling complaints

Comfort and Energy saving in summer and winter

26 Chairs and fan + footwarmers/legwarmers

4. SutardjaDai Hall 

HVAC Frequent DR events

Comfort in DR events

11 chairs

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1. Doe Annex Library: Winter

ObjectivesDemonstrate the use of PCSs in a real building Provide occupant thermal comfort

Reduce HVAC energy consumption in winter

Results

Equivalent comfort was achieved with heating setpoint lowered from 70° F to 66° F

Over 30% savings in heating energy

Funding: CEC/PIER funding, by CIEE through SPEED program

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2. Cesar Chavez Student Union : Summer and winter

Building No mechanical cooling

Objective Provide occupant thermal comfort

Progress

Installed wireless temperature sensors in each of 18 workstations

Survey for summer season started Sept. 25

About 600 responses received

Funding: CEC/PIER funding, by CIEE through SPEED program

CBE chair

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3. Stanley Hall: Summer and winter

Building

Lab building, over-ventilated

Objective

Reduce occupant complaints about overcooling

Reduce HVAC energy consumption in summer and winter by lowering reheat setpoint, and reducing ventilation rate

Progress

Plug-though power meters and temperature sensors near diffusers installed

Survey for summer season started Oct 14Funding: CEC/PIER, co‐funding SPEED

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Overcooling, over-ventilation…

306J: one person 306E: two persons

306J

306E

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BMS screenshot of HVAC for 3rd floor

DAMPER OPEN  %

5491582

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4. Sutardja Dai Hall: Summer

Building

A living lab with sensors intensively installed; demand response (DR) events activated frequently using sMAP (Simple Measurement and Actuation Profile, developed by UC computer science department)

Objectives Provide occupant thermal comfort during

DR events

Progress

Several DR events have been activated, and occupants’ satisfaction surveyed; ongoing

Funding: Korean Micro Energy Grid (KMEG) through CIEE

CBE chair

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Comfort in warm environments with air movement and higher metabolic rate

Objectives Examine comfort conditions with

elevated air movement for higher metabolic rate

Method

Human subject tests

Progress

Tests are almost finished

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Test conditions

86°F 40%

79°F 60%

75°F 40%

86°F 60%

82.5°F 40%

82.5°F 60%

ASHRAE Standard 55

75°F 60%

79°F 40%

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Technology transfer

ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 in publication! Now in normative (code–compatible) language

Standard 55 Users Manual being prepared by several of us together with Peter Alspach (Arup), Larry Schoen, and Abhijeet Pande (TRC)

CBE Comfort Web Tool

Added a feature to evaluate short wave solar radiation on comfort indoors

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Method of calculating short wave solar radiation on comfort

Direct solar radiation

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Comparison with CBE advanced comfort model

CBE advanced comfort model calculates solar load on a person by dividing the human model into 5000 polygons

Comparison were done for standing, seated, azimuth 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180°

Azimuth 30° Azimuth 90°

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Azimuth° 0 30 90 120 180Standing

Simplified method result

170 165 140 148 165

Advanced model result 157 169 125 144 160

SeatedSimplified method result

178 173 159 145 126

Advanced model result 150 162 145 144 120

Comparison results: Solar load on the whole body (W)

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Publications and presentations

Kim, J., R. deDear, C. Cândido, H. Zhang, E. Arens 2013, Gender differences in the occupants’ perception of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Building and Environment 7: 245 – 256

de Dear, R.J., T. Akimoto, E. A. Arens, G. Brager, C. Candido,K. W. D. Cheong, B. Li,N. Nishihara, S. C. Sekhar, S. Tanabe, J. Toftum, H. Zhang, Y. Zhu, 2013, Progress in thermal comfort research over the last twenty years. Indoor Air, April 1 – 20

Arens, E., H. Zhang, T. Hoyt, G. Paliaga, B. Tully, J. Goins, F. Bauman, Y. Zhai, J. Toftum, T. Webster, B. West, 2012. Thermal and air quality acceptability in buildings that reduce energy by reducing minimum airflow from overhead diffusers. TRP-1515 final report to American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

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Publications and presentations cont.

Pasut, W., H. Zhang, S. Kaam, E. Arens, J. Lee, F. Bauman, Y. Zhai 2013, Effect of a heated and cooled office chair on thermal comfort. HVAC&R Research

Zhai, Y., H. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W. Pasut, E. Arens, Q. Meng 2013, Comfort under personally controlled air movement in warm and humid environments. Building and Environment

Pasut, W., E. Arens, H. Zhan, S. Kaam, Y. Zhai 2013, Enabling energy-efficient approaches to thermal comfort using room air motion. CLIMA 2013, June 16-19, Prague

Lee, J., H. Zhang, E. Arens 2013, Typical clothing ensemble insulation levels for 16 body parts. CLIMA 2013, June 16-19, Prague

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Next steps

PCS and field demonstrations

Work with EECS to develop sensing and wireless communication system for the CBE chair

Continue the PCS field demonstration in Cesar Chavez Student Union, Stanley, Sutardja Dai Hall

Conduct a new field PCS demonstration in 50 UN Plaza, SF this winter

Lab studies

Conduct a new human subject test with the CBE chair

Continue to work with ASHRAE Standard 55 committee

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Questions?

Ed Arensearens@berkeley.edu

Hui Zhangzhanghui@berkeley.edu

Wilmer Pasutwpasut@berkeley.edu