advanced environmental crimes training program m1
DESCRIPTION
Module One: Environmental Law History, Review and StatisticsTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Criminal Provisions of Federal Environmental Law
Jereme M. Altendorf, CHMMAltendorf Regulatory Consultants, LLC
US Coast Guard, LCDR Reserve
An overview
1
![Page 2: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Teaching Modules
Module 1: Environmental Law History
Module 2: Environmental Law Potpourri
Module 3: The ‘Majors’
2
![Page 3: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Law Enforcement
Regulatory concepts
Regulators
Criminal procedures
3
![Page 4: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Do I Need This Course?!?
States must meet or exceed federal law
So you know who to call4
![Page 5: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MODULE ONE
Environmental Law
History
5
![Page 6: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
...And you may ask
yourself...
Is there too much regulation?
Why do we need so much?
Is all of this really necessary?
6
![Page 7: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Defining the Problem
“The one who does not
remember history is
bound to live through it again.” -George Santayana, 1863-1953, American philosopher
7
![Page 8: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
It All Started Here...Rivers & Harbors Act
(Refuse Act) 33USC§407
First Environmental Law: 1899
Prohibits discharge of refuse into navigable waterways
ACOE and USCG
Discharge or excavation/filling of navigable waterway$2500 Fine and One year jail
8
![Page 9: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
YET LITTLE CHANGED...
...Until The Modern Environmental Movement
9
![Page 10: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DONORA PA
10
![Page 11: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Donora, PA at noon on Oct. 29, 1948 as deadly smog envelops the town.(Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Photo)
atmospheric weather inversion + zinc smelter stacks
11
![Page 12: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TIM
ES BEACH
12
![Page 13: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
LOVE CANAL
13
![Page 14: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
LOVE CANAL
14
![Page 15: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Divide into teams and obtain scenariosPrimary applicable statute and regulations
Any secondary legal considerations
Reportable quantity/health based standards etc.
State and/or local agencies that may assist
Determine brief-out representative
Group Project
15
![Page 16: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Team #1
Two commercial pesticide applicators operated separate unlicensed structural pest control businesses for at least three years, applying
restricted use agricultural pesticides indoors and distributing unlabeled pesticides in food and
beverage containers. The most recent case involved the use of eldrin.
16
![Page 17: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Team #2
Federal Custom’s Inspectors in Los Angeles, CA, discovered approximately 278,256
kilograms of hydrochlorofluorocarbon - 22 (HCFC-22), in an abandoned warehouse near
the Port of LA.
17
![Page 18: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Team #3
Drums of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were found at a wood treatment facility. The EPA had issued a RCRA
Corrective Action order against the facility for improper storage, and during the follow-up
inspection the drums were gone. An anonymous tip to a local city inspector enabled EPA to confirm that
the PCP drums were dumped in a nearby creek.
18
![Page 19: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Team #4
During their last Coast Guard inspection at the Port of San Diego the crew of the M/V
CAPITOLA confidentially reported to one of the Coast Guard inspectors that they had an illegal oily waste bypass system. The “magic
pipe” proved to be a bypass hose that allowed the dumping of waste oil overboard.
19
![Page 20: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Team #5
While working on a sewer line in Orange County, POTW employees discover the pH levels of the water had plummet to below 1.0. Luckily, only
one company on the line in that area uses sulfuric acid and copper sulfate in the manufacturing
processes. During the initial investigation, several storage deficiencies are discovered as well as a
pipe that connected to a storm sewer outfall towards the back of the property.
20
![Page 21: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Quick Facts
Fig. 1: Growth of Environmental Laws in the US from 1945-1990
21
![Page 22: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Quick Facts
Fig. 2: Growth of Federal environmental regulations.
**Pages in the Code of Federal Regulations totaled 16,400 in 1999—almost 10 percent growth in one year.**
22
![Page 23: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Quick Facts
Fig. 4: A New Direction for Corporations
Where are we Today? What did the last decade look like?
23
![Page 24: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Quick Facts
Fig. 3: Trends in EPA Enforcement
24
![Page 25: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Environmental Crime Stats
0
75
150
225
300
375
450
FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
5764
154
186
77
176
248
278
320
293319
340
305
372
425
Cases initiatedDefendants chargedYears of incarceration
Figure 125
![Page 26: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Environmental Crime Stats
*Inflation adjusted to FY08 Dollars*
$0M
$25M
$50M
$75M
$100M
$125M
$150M
FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08
$12
$141
$31$29
$7
$64$66
$46
$111
$54
Fines and restitutionCourt ordered environmental projects
Figure 2
26
![Page 27: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
FY09 & FY10 Environmental Crimes
0
100
200
300
400
FY 2009 FY 2010
7276
289
200
346
387
Cases initiatedDefendants chargedYears of incarceration
$0
$25
$50
$75
$100
FY2009 FY2010
$18
$10
$41
$98
Fines and restitutionCourt ordered environmental projects
Figure 3 Figure 427
![Page 28: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
How is environmental law different?
28
![Page 29: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
State and Local Role
0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
75%
90%
CAA CWA FIFRA RCRA SDWA
78%73%
77%
67%
82%
Fig. 5: Percent of statute delegated to states
29
![Page 30: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Public Welfare Offense Doctrine
30
![Page 31: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Responsibility
Authority to preventAbility to remedy
IntentKnowledge of regulation
31
![Page 32: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
In what ways does the Public Welfare Offense
Doctrine differ from traditional law enforcement?
32
![Page 33: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What does this mean for the
regulated community?
33
![Page 34: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Take Home Points
Massive regulatory scheme exists for a reason: historical pollution events
Role of state & local officials: enforce federal law
Intent to violate or knowledge of regulation: not required for enforcement
LE and regulators: cooperation required
for success
34
![Page 35: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
All Module References
1. Cole, Joseph E. “Environmental Criminal Liability: What Federal Officials Know can Hurt Them -- Or Should Know.”
2. Sullivan, Thomas. “Environmental Law Handbook” 21st Edition, Gov’t Institutes.
3. Selected Environmental Law Statutes 2007-2008
4. LaGrega et al. “Hazardous Waste Management” 2nd Edition.
5. Mason, Steve. “You Mean There is More than Superfund...? Basics of Environmental Statutes”
35
![Page 36: Advanced Environmental Crimes Training Program M1](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042714/556acd00d8b42acd348b520b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Contact information:Jereme M. Altendorf
Phone: 619-630-5325Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @AltRegConsult
36