Advanced Energy Conversion Engineering

Tuesday 13:00-14:30Kashiwa Campus: Kiban-Bldg. 3F 2D8Hongo Campus: Information Tech. Center 1F

FY2016

Keywords: Energy in space, Terrestrial Energy, Renewable Energy, Wireless Power Transfer, and so on.

- Direct Energy Conversion Light, RF wave energy to electricity - Photo Voltaic Cells, Rectenna Heat to electricity - Thermoelectric & Thermionic Converter, Nuclear P.G. Vibration to electricity – Piezoelectric convertor

- Wireless Power Transfer with Magnetic induction & Resonance Laser & Microwave Beaming

- Systems Solar Power Satellite Metal Fuel Energy Cycle Solar Pumped laser Nuclear Power Generator

Lecture Theme (Outline)

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10/4 Wireless Power Transfer and its applications10/11 Magnetic Induction and Resonance Coupling10/18 Electromagnetic Radiation and Power Beaming10/25 Laser Energy Transmission11/1 Solar-Pumped Laser and Metal Energy Cycle by Dr. B. Wang(11/8) No class 11/15 Microwave Energy Transmission11/22 Orbital Transfer11/29 Solar Wind and Space Environment Utilization12/6 Solar Power Satellite by Prof. Tanaka 12/13 Millimeter Wave Technology by Dr. Y. Oda 12/20 Reserve1/10 Photovoltaic Power Converter 1/17 Thermoelectric/Thermionic Convertor

Schedule 2016-2017

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Download materials (Slides & report format) http://www.al.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/lecture.htmlEmail komurasaki@al.t.u-tokyo.ac.jpRating by report submission on each lecture

Contact address etc.

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Wireless Power Transfer and its applications

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Variety of WPT Applications

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Graph1

10000

0.7

1.8

0.1

Transmittable power, W

Transmittable distance

1km100m10m1m10cm1cm0.1cm

　　　　　　　　　　Magnetic induction

Electric resonanceCoupling

Magnetic Resonance coupling

　Laser beaming

　　　Microwave beaming

Electric shaver

Robotic vacuum cleaner

Wireless ID tag

Smartphone

Y の値

1000

2.7

3.2

0.1

Sheet1

X の値Y の値

100001000

0.72.7

1.83.2

0.10.1

グラフのデータ範囲の大きさを変更するには、範囲の右下隅をドラッグしてください。

Application #1 To electric vehicles & ubiquitous devices

Reduction in Battery weight → long endurance → long mileage

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take-off weight 210 tonfuel 100 ton (48%)payload 41 ton (20%)

lift-off weight 540 tonfuel/propellant 458 ton (85%)payload 8 ton (1.5%)

H2B rocket (to GTO)B787-8 Dream Liner (Tokyo-Seattle)

Trade-off relation between mobility and fuel load⇒ Refueling or Wireless Power Supply

Mobility and Fuel Load

8

Aerial refuelingKC-135R Stratotanker to F-16 Mid-ship refueling

Japanese refueling mission in the Indian Ocean

Satellite refuelingOrbital Express - NextSat

Refueling

9

Laser Power Transmission to Micro Aerial Vehicle

Laser-Powered Aircraft (NASA Marshall center), 2003

A kite plane and auto-tracking/pointing system (Kinki University) 2007

10

Beamed Energy Rocket

Concept of laser launch system

Laser lightcraft

11

Application #2To battery-less micro devices/sensors(for surveillance, monitoring)

- Micro-robots for larger operation area, longer endurance, smaller size- RF ID tag, card etc.- Low efficiency is acceptable in Low power applications.

12

RFID tag

Animal identification

・no battery, inexpensive・maintenance free・wireless power/data transmission

Sushi-tray counterProduct tracking13

Felica card（Sony)

Battery-less drive

Buttery-less Wireless Sensor Network, 芝浦工大

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Wireless Sensor, Waspmote

2.45GHzPilot

Signal

Target

5.8GHzEnergy

Beam

TransmitterSystem

Phasedifference

TrackingSystem

Digital phasecontrol

PC

Receiver System

Active phased array MPT system (Univ. of Tokyo)

Micro flying objects

15

Application #3 No-wire between two fixed nodes

As energy infrastructure- from space to ground- to isolated island- to mountainous area

- reduction in harness weight- flexible arrangement of home appliance- wireless grid sensors

16

Wire-harness of Mercedes Benz S-class is 50 kg in weight and 3 km in length.

5 GW power generated in space is transferred to the ground for 36,000 km.

Power feed from fixed point to fixed point

2D power transfer sheet(The Univ. of Tokyo, 国際・産学共同研究センター)

Microwave power transfer demonstration at Goldstone, California, 1975NASA JPL & Raytheon: 30 kW, 2.45 GHz for 1 mile distance @84% rectenna efficiency.

17

2 Magnetic resonance & Middle range transfer

(1< L /D

Charging on a table

User Comfort – use anytime and anywhere, no plugging and unplugging

Maxell Air-voltageQi standardElectric toothbrush

Safety of electric appliance in a wet area.

19

Smart pass in Bangkok

Electric money card

Public transport passes in Tokyo

20

High-speed charging to EVs

IPT hybrid bus(MLIT、Hino motors)

Electric vehicle(Nissan Leaf)

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Location of the device is contactlessly detected by the array of organic transistors (detector). Then, an element flat-coil on that location is selected via micro-mechanical switch. Finally power is provided to the coil just under the device.

Transmission Efficiency: higher than 80%Transmittable power: 40 WLow cost per area by using printing technology.

2D WPT sheetThe Univ. of Tokyo

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1 Magnetic induction & Short range transfer

(L /D

Magnetic resonance transfer demonstration

MIT 2007Power: 60 WDistance: 1.8 m Coil diameter: 0.9 m. Transmission efficiency: 40%RF: 13.56 MHz

Intel: Intel Developer Forum 2008Power: 60 WDistance: 2 m

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“WiTricity” concept

“non-radiative & non-dissipative”: High Q (quality) factor: oscillation decay time/ oscillation

period High dielectric constant/electric conductivity MHz-order RF

“strongly coupled” Exactly same frequencies; transmitter, receiver, and RF

wave.

25

Transmission distance and efficiency

WDS

W

PPPP

++=η

Transmission distance and efficiency. Coil diameter is 90cm.

26

1 Magnetic induction & Short range transfer

(L /D

Solar Power Satellite System (USEF)

Active phased array antennasAll the power is radiated. Directionality must be high enough to achieve high transmission efficiency

Beamed Radiation (EM Beaming)

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A directional electromagnetic beam

◇Monochromatic ➣having narrow range of wavelength ➣mode locked◇Coherence ➣phased

An advancing wave is the sum of all the secondary waves arising from points in the medium already traversed.

Coherent wave superposition（Huygens–Fresnel principle ）

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Coherent beam source

Active phased array antenna (Kyoto Uinv., Kobe Univ. ）

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4. Energy Harvesting from the environment

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Mechanical Energy – from sources such as vibration, mechanical stress and strain (Piezo Electric)

Thermal Energy – waste energy from furnaces, heaters, and friction sources (Thermal Electric)

Light Energy – captured from sunlight or room light via photo sensors, photo diodes, or solar panels (Photo Electric)

Electromagnetic Energy – from inductors, coils and transformers (Inductive/Magnetic)

Natural Energy – from the environment such as wind, water flow, ocean currents, and solar

Human Body – a combination of mechanical and thermal energy naturally generated from bio-organisms or through actions such as walking and sitting

Other Energy – from chemical and biological sources

Advanced Energy Conversion EngineeringLecture Theme (Outline)Schedule 2016-2017Contact address etc.Wireless Power Transfer �and its applicationsVariety of WPT ApplicationsApplication #1 �To electric vehicles & ubiquitous devices Mobility and Fuel LoadRefuelingLaser Power Transmission to Micro Aerial VehicleBeamed Energy RocketApplication #2�To battery-less micro devices/sensors�(for surveillance, monitoring)RFID tagBattery-less driveMicro flying objectsApplication #3 �No-wire between two fixed nodesPower feed from fixed point to fixed pointスライド番号 18Charging on a tableElectric money cardHigh-speed charging to EVs2D WPT sheet�The Univ. of Tokyoスライド番号 23Magnetic resonance transfer demonstration“WiTricity” conceptTransmission distance and efficiencyスライド番号 27Beamed Radiation (EM Beaming)A directional electromagnetic beamCoherent beam source4. Energy Harvesting from the environment