advanced efsa learning programme session 5.1. response options analysis

Advanced EFSA Learning Programme

Session 5.1.

Response Options Analysis


Learning Objectives

After this session, participants should be able to:

Identify the various response options open to WFP

List and explain the four steps key to conducting an analysis of and nutrition insecurity response options

Conduct a SWOT analysis of response options

2


Where are we?

3

EFSA Process

Adapt conceptual framework & objectives

Prepare analysis plan: indicators, data, sources

Collect, review secondary data

Collect primary data

Conduct situation analysis

Conduct forecast analysis

Analyse response options

Make response recommendations

Prepare report


Link between assessments & programming

Appropriateness

Feasibility

Situation analysis and Forecasting

Response OptionAnalysis

Project DesignOperational Planning

Needs Assessment

Appropriateness

Feasibility

Situation analysis and Forecasting

Response OptionAnalysis

Project DesignOperational

Planning


Key objectives of an EFSA To know whether there is a need to intervene to save

lives and/or livelihoods

To recommend interventions if required

In addition, for WFP:

To know whether food aid, cash or vouchers have a role to play and their comparative advantage in addressing risks to lives and/or livelihoods

Evaluate their comparative advantages compared to other options


The underlying question…

Has shock disrupted or threatened: food availability? household food access? livelihoods? nutritional status?

AND: are the affected able to cope with their own means?

Advanced EFSA Learning Programme7

Response analysis

the process1. Define needs for assistance to address current &

forecasted risks to lives & livelihoods

2. Review intervention plans & capacities of government & other actors & identify gaps

3. Identify range of response options that fill gaps & prioritise them

4. Identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats associated with each response option


Step 1

8

Define needs for assistance to address current and forecasted risks to lives and livelihoods 1


Groups identified to be at current risk: determined through the situation analysis process

Groups identified to be at future risk: determined through forecasting process


To determine response options, identify for each group at risk:

1. The FS dimensions (food availability, access, consumption, utilization) that are contributing to risks to lives & livelihoods (also known as “entry points”), and

2. The types of intervention needed based on (a) whether the cause is immediate, underlying, or basic (as per the Framework) & (b) livelihood characteristics of those at risk

Response analysis


Food availability problem (crops, livestock, market supplies, communications)? Entry points: agriculture, markets, infrastructures, food aid

Food access problem (income, wages, market prices and terms of trade)? Entry points: income support (incl. cash/vouchers, food aid), markets

functioning

Food utilization problem (dietary intake, disease, cooking)? Entry points: food consumption (incl. cash, food aid), health, water,

sanitation, cooking means, care practices

Food Security Dimensions (or entry points) Main factors increasing risks to lives & livelihoods


For entry points identified and each group concerned, determine which livelihood assets, strategies and context:

need to be strengthened or protected (vulnerabilities) can be supported/built upon (capacities)

• Human, social, financial, physical and natural assets• Food and income sources• Location, institutions, services, markets

Types of intervention


Priorities of people at riskCommunity level IDPs - Overall priorities - Darfur 2007 EFSNA

59%

17%

4%

10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Security, peace Food aid Health services Drinking water

% ID

Ps


Outcomes

Immediate causes

Underlying causes at HH/family

level

Basic causes at societal

level

At which level to

intervene?


Human assets as opportunity or constraint: Malawi

23 percent of severely food insecure are labour constrained


Food access problemExample: Malawi


A: Response options: inadequate food access, livelihoods at risk

Free (general or targeted) food distribution

Food for work (FFW)

Cash for work (CFW)

Cash transfer programmes

Food vouchers

Market support

Non-food support to livelihood activities


B: Response options: inadequate food access for certain individuals

School feeding

Food to other social service institutions

Neighbourhood care programmes (NCP)


C: Response options: nutritional problems

Targeted supplementary feeding take-home ration feeding on site

Blanket supplementary feeding take-home ration on site feeding

Therapeutic feeding programme (TFP) on-site Community-based therapeutic care (CTC) Micronutrient supplementation


Entry points for interventions - example

Severely wasted children under-5

years

Food insecure households

Vocational training

Curative health

care Care practices

Credit

Preventative health

Care servicesWater sector


Step 2

21

Review the intervention plans and capacities of government and other actors, and identify gaps 2


Identify stakeholders

Who are the typical stakeholders in food security response programmes?

What is their capacity to intervene?

22


Typical stakeholders in food security response

Government – national, regional and local Non-state authorities (e.g. in situations of civil conflict) UN agencies OCHA, FAO, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP ICRC, IFRC and National RCRC Societies International NGOs National NGOs International Financial Institutions (World Bank, ADB,..) Donors

Financial, human & material resources as well as

willingness to respond

23


Compile table of ongoing interventions

24

Actors

Type of intervention ongoing or

planned

Addresses risks to lives or risks to

livelihoods?

Type and number of beneficiaries

Place of intervention

Duration of intervention (start-end)

Ministry of social affairs

Subsidized food Livelihoods ? - Area B - Area D

One-off food delivery in ….


Compile table for specific groups at risk

25

Groups at risk NOW and in the FUTURE

Which interventions are ongoing?

Which interventions are planned?

All needs covered? If not, what are the

gaps?

Group at risk A

What is being provided?

What will be provided?

Addresses risks to lives or risks to livelihoods?

Addresses risks to lives or risks to livelihoods?

To whom/how many?

To whom/how many?

By whom?

By whom?


Step 3

Identify a range of response options and prioritise them 3


Identify, prioritise recommendations – according to urgency of need:

1. First priority: current risks to lives

2. Second priority: current risks to livelihoods and near future risks to lives

3. Third priority: more remote future risks to lives and livelihoods.


Relief and recovery prioritiesExample: Sri Lanka


Additional EFSA outputs required: implementation modalities

1- Targeting

Criteria: general geographic, priority areas or regions

Criteria to select communities, households or individuals

2- Duration of the intervention: when to start, for how long

3- Partners, other inputs required such as seeds, tools etc.


Exercise 5.1.a. Selection of Most Appropriate Interventions

Review EFSA conclusions; choose 2 population groups at risk (i.e., food insecure) and respond to following:1.Identify factors/causes determining risk (availability, access and utilization)2.Determine sectors & types of interventions needed to address determining factors of food insecurity & risks3.Identify interventions of other agencies or communities & possible problems & gaps4.Select priority interventions, based on urgency of needsUse table to summarise results.


SWOT Analysis

Ssssswhat

analysis?

31

Strengths Weaknesses

Opportunities Threats


Pertinence of response options:

Relevance: is it oriented towards causes?

‘Do no harm’

Is it culturally and socially acceptable?

Does it risk stigmatising participants?

Is it coherent, does it build synergies with other interventions?

Strengths and Weaknesses (1)


Strengths and Weaknesses (2)

2) Feasibility of response options:

Timing

Targeting criteria

Resources available or that can be mobilized on time

Previous experience


Opportunities and Threats

Reflect external factors

OpportunitiesSignature of peace agreementImprovement of transportation Policies to facilitate tradeHarvest

ThreatsInsecurityPolicies that limit tradeInfrastructure not repairedDecreased interest from donors


Example of SWOT analysis Food distribution

Example of SWOT analysis for a targeted food distributionStrengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

-Directly address the food consumption problem

-Help decrease market food prices

-Partially compensate for loss of income (economic transfer)

-May be difficult to target the 30% of population of interest

- Logistic difficulties can delay distributions

- Can distort supply of food on market

- Food can be bought locally from producers who were not affected

- Distribution can be done together with nutritional, education and other programmes, thus also helping to tackle malnutrition

- Very weak government capacity

- Transportation difficult due to destroyed bridges and roads

- Floods can cause epidemics and reduce nutritional benefits from food consumed


Exercise 5.1.b Response Options SWOT Analysis

Analysis of response options from Exercise 5.1.a.

advanced efsa learning programme session 5.1. response options analysis

Documents

risk response analysis

options slide

response option slide

efsa process

range of response options

analysis plan

response recommendations

forecasting process