advanced c ics

7/28/2019 Advanced c Ics

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Advanced CICS Programming inCOBOL

Cognizant Technology Solutions


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March 18,2000 BNG Version 2.0 2

SESSION BREAKUP

Day Session & Topic1 1 File Handling

2 File Handling (contd.)

2 1 Terminal Handling2 Temporary Storage

3 1 Interval & Task Control2 Program & Storage Control

4 1 Error Processing5 1 Intercommunication

2 Intercommunication (contd.)


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Day 1 - Session 1

File Handling


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File Handling

Sequential Processing using BROWSEcommands

VSAM Alternate IndexGeneric KeyMass InsertCICS Data Tables


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Sequential Processing Using

Browse CommandsSTARTBR CommandREADNEXT Command

READPREV CommandENDBR CommandRESETBR Command


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STARTBR CommandSTARTBR DATASET(filename)

RIDFLD(data-area)REQID(data-value)[RRN | RBA]

[GTEQ | EQUAL][GENERIC][KEYLENGTH(data-value)]RESP(data-area)

EXEC CICS

STARTBR DATASET(CUSTMAS ) RIDFLD(CUSTOMER-NO)RESP(RESPONSE-CODE)

END-EXEC


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STARTBR Command

DATASET The file name from the file control tableRIDFLD The field identifying the record where the

browse operation will start

RRN The file is relative record fileRBA The file is a ESDSGTEQ The browse operation will start at the first

record whose key is greater than or equal tothe value in RIDFLD

EQUAL The browse operation will start at the recordwhose key value is equal to the value inRIDFLD


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STARTBR Command

GENERIC Only part of the key in the RIDFLD fieldshould be used

KEYLENGTH

A binary half word or literal value that indicatethe length of the key

RESP A binary full word item


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READNEXT CommandREADNEXT DATASET(filename)

INTO(data-area)RIDFLD (data-area)[RRN | RBA]

[GENERIC][KEYLENGTH(data-value)]

EXEC CICSREADNEXT DATASET(ACCOUNT )

INTO(ACCOUNT-RECORD)RIDFLD(AR-ACCUONT-NUMBER)RESP(RESPONSE-CODE)

END-EXEC


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READNEXT Command

DATASET The file name from the File Control TableINTO The area that will contain the record being

read

RIDFLD Must specify the same data name specified inthe STARTBR command

RRN The file is a relative record fileRBA The file is a ESDSGENERIC Only a part of the key in the RIDFLD should

be used


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READNEXT Command

KEYLENGTHA binary half word or literal value thatindicates the length of the key.


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Skip Sequential Processing

Can be achieved by increasing the RIDFLD value before issuing the next READNEXT command

Applied only for forward browsingVSAM reads forward in the index from thecurrent positionFaster for relatively close but not adjacent recordsIf the records are very far, the response time willincrease. In such cases, RESTBR should be used


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READPREV Command

READPREV DATASET(filename)INTO(date-area)

RIDFLD(data-area)[RRN | RBA][GENERIC][KEYLENGTH(data-value)]


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READPREV Command

DATASET The file name from the File Control TableINTO The area that will contain the record being

read

RIDFLD Must specify the same data name specified inthe STARTBR command

RRN The file is a relative record fileRBA The file is an ESDSGENERIC Only part of the key in the RIDFLD field

should be used


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READPREV Command

KEYLENGTHA binary half word or literal value thatindicates the length of the key.


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ENDBR Command

ENDBR DATASET(filename)

Should be issued before any updateoperation can be performed on the file.Other wise the results are un-predictable

Syncpoint should be preceeded by ENDBR command. Basically Browing is a LUW.Always use to avoid dead locks


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RESETBR Command

RESETBR DATASET(file name)RIDFLD(data-area)

[RRN | RBA][GTEQ | EQUAL][GENERIC][KEYLENGTH(data-value)]


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RESETBR Command

DATASET The file name from the File Control tableRIDFLD The field identifying the record where the

browse operation will be repositioned

RRN The file is a relative record fileRBA The file is as ESDSGTEQ The browse operation will be repositioned at

the first record whose key is greater than or equal to the value in RIDFLD

EQUAL The browse operation will be repositioned atthe record whose key is equal to the value idRIDFLD


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RESETBR Command

GENERIC Only a part of the key in the RIDFLD fieldshould be used

KEYLENGTH

A binary half word or literal value thatindicates the length of the key.


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Exceptional Conditions

DSIDERR The data set is not in the FCTENDFILE There are no more records to be readILLOGIC A VSAM error has occurredINVREQ The browse request is invalid (not specified in

FCT)IOERR An I/O error has occurredLENGERR A length error has occurred

NOTFND The record specified in a STARTBR commanddoes not exist

NOTOPEN The data set is not open


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Exceptional Conditions

DUPKEY Indicate that more records existwith the same key (AIX)


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VSAM Alternate Index

Terminology Alternate Index Base Cluster Unique Key Non unique Key

Path

Upgrading / Upgradable Index / Upgrade set


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Using Alternate Index in CICS

Browse commands are to be used for retrieving non-uniquekey recordsDATASET option to have the Path name

STARTBR command to have EQUAL option Check for NOTFND condition

Allowable Response codes DUPKEY & NORMAL

Check for DUPKEY condition raised if there is atleast one more record with the same key


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STARTBR Example

STARTBR DATASET(INVPATH ) RIDFLD(CM-CUSTOMER-NO)

EQUALRESP(RESPONSE-CODE)


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Using Generic Key in CICS

Portion of a primary or alternate key used toidentify records in a KSDSHas to begin at the first byte of the complete keyThe length can not be equal to the complete key of the KSDSRIDFLD should be large enough to hold thecomplete keyForward browsing only is possible. READPREVwill raise INVREQ condition


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Using Generic Key in CICS

Can be used with browse commandsGENERIC & KEYLENGTH options are to be codedRIDFLD should be large enough to hold the record s entirekeyINVREQ is raised if KEYLENGTH is not less than thelength of the complete keyWhen used with STARTBR command the effect is similar to GTEQGENERIC option can be used in READ & DELETEcommands alsoLength could be changed using RESETBR


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Using Generic Key in CICSExample with GTEQ MOVE VENDNOI TO IP-VENDOR-NO.MOVE LOW-VALUE TO IP-ITEM-NO.EXEC CICS

STARTBR DATASET(INVPART ) RIDFLD(IP-RECORD-KEY)

GTEQRESP(RESPONSE-CODE)

END-EXECExample with GENERIC MOVE VENDOI TO IP-VENDOR-NOEXEC CICS

STARTBR DATASET(INVPART)

RIDFLD(IP-RRECORD-NO)GENERICKEYLEN(4)EQUALRESP(RESPONSE-CODE

END-EXEC


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Using Generic Key in CICSExample for GENERIC in READ READ DATASET(INVPART )

INTO(INV-PARTS-REC)RIDFLD(IP-REC-KEY)

GENERICKEYLENGTH(4)EQUALRESP(RESPONSE-CODE)

Example for GENERIC in DELETE DELETE DATASET(INVPART )

RIDFLD(IP-REC-KEY)GENERICKEYLENGTH(4)EQUAL

NUMREC(WS-DEL-CTR)

RESP(RESPONSE-CODE)


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MASSINSERT

Used when more than one record is to bewritten to the same point in a file

Makes insertion more efficientApplicable for KSDS, ESDS & PATHUNLOCK command has to be used to end

the MASSINSERT operation No file control command can be issued before the MASSINSERT ends.


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MASSINSERT example

WRITE DATASET(CUSTINV ) FROM(INVOICE-REC)

RIDFLD(INV-REC-KEY)MASSINSERTRESP(RESPONSE-CODE)


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CICS Data Tables

To improve the performance of files that are accessedfrequentlyA virtual storage copy of a KSDS file

The KSDS is copied to the table at CICS startupTypes of Data Tables CICS maintained tables (CMT)

CICS automatically updates the source data set whenver an update

takes place & vice versa User program need not have to wait till the update is completed in thesource data set

User maintained tables (UMT) Needs a user written program that periodically updates the source data

set


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CICS Data Tables

Types of data tables (contd) Shared Data Tables

Works like CMT or UMT but it can be accessed by more than

one CICS system under the same MVS system Kept in a separate address space accessible by mulltiple CICS

systems It is owned by one of the CICS regions

The tables are defined by the system programmer in FCT through batch or RDO


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Performance improvements on

VSAM Data set accessMinimize the time that VSAM resources arereserved for exclusive useUse MASSINSERT if you are inserting multiplerecords at the same position of the file.Use skip sequential if records are not together butthey are relatively close.

Use GENERIC option to delete records with keysstarting with the same string.


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Day 2 - Session 1

Terminal Handling


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Terminal Handling

Logical Message Building Concepts & Terminology

SEND TEXT SEND PAGE

Printer Output

Message RoutingRECEIVE CommandSEND Command


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Logical Message Building

Concepts & Terminology


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Logical Message BuildingConcepts & Terminology

Terminal Disposition Logical message is directly sent to the terminal as it iscreated

Message flow Page & text build program a component of BMS module

processes SEND TEXT & SEND MAP commands & formats thedata in page buffer

When the page is full, terminal page processor, another component of BMS module transfers the data to the terminal

Logical message is built & delivered one page at a time


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Paging DispositionEntire message is held in temporary storage until anoperator retrieves it.

When the page buffer is full, the page is written to atemporary storage

Terminal StatusAffects how messages with paging disposition are

delivered to the terminal2 options Paging Status Auto page Status


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Paging StatusBMS delivers pages one at a time as the operator requests themThe terminal operator enters a message retrievalcommand page retrieval program a component of BMS

retrieves the requested page from temporarystorage & displays it on the terminal


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Autopage statusEntire message is delivered as soon as the terminal is readyUsually the output will be on a printer

Message RetrievalOne page is displayed at a timeMessage retrieval commands are to be used for subsequent

pagesFirst page gets displayed automatically when you invokeCSPG transaction


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Message Retrieval CommandsP/n Retrieve page nP/+n Retrieve the page that is n pages past the current

pageP/-n Retrieve the page that is n pages before the

current pageP/L Last page

P/N Next pageP/P Previous pageT/B Terminate the retrieval session & purge the

messages being displayed


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SEND TEXT


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SEND TEXT SyntaxFROM Name of the field that contains the data to be

added to the logical messageLENGTH Length of the FROM field.ACCUM Build a logical pagePAGING Pages to be written to temporary storage for

later retrieval under operator controlERASE Erase terminal buffer as each page is sent

during page retrieval

HEADER Name of the field containing header informationTRAILER Name of the field containing trailer information


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Automatic Page NumberingSpecify a non blank value in the third byte of the

prefix. This charcter is used as part of the header or trailer message to indicate the position for displaying the

page number When an overflow condition occurs BMS scans

the header & trailer data & replaces this particular character with the page number Maximum 5 bytes for page number


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SEND TEXT Example

SEND TEXT FROM(PRODUCT)

ACCUMPAGINGERSAEHEADER (HD-AREA)

TRAILER (TR-AREA )


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SEND PAGE

Ensures that the last page of data is written totemporary storage even if it is not completeSpecifies when the user can retrieve the message

by issuing retrieval commandsIt is mandatory after the last SEND TEXTcommand

Syntax:SEND PAGE OPERPURGE


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SEND PAGE

SEND PAGE [OPERPURGE][RETAIN | RELEASE]

OPERPURGE Operator must issue a messagetermination to delete the logicalmessage

RETAIN Control returns to the application

program when the user finishesviewing the message

RELEASE Control never returns to the program


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SEND MAP


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Map Definition

Formatname DFHMDI SIZE=(lines,columns),

[LINE=line number | NEXT,][COLUMN=col.no,][JUSTIFY=FIRST | LAST,][HEADER=YES | TRAILER=YES]

ExampleMAP4 DFHMDI SIZE=(2,80),

LINE=NEXT,COLUMN=1,TRAILER=YES


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Map DefinitionLogical message considerationLine positioning is done mostly by making use of LINE=NEXTMap positioning is done mostly by specifyingJUSTIFY=FIRST (normally for header map) or JUSTIFY=RIGHT (normally for trailer map)JUSTIFY parameter controls the positioning of

header & trailer mapHEADER & TRAILER parameters are used tocontrol overflow processing


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SEND MAP Command

FormatSEND MAP(map name)

[MAPSET(map set name)]

[FROM(data area)] [MAPONLY | DATAONLY][ACCUM] [PAGING] [ERASE]

ExampleSEND MAP(MAP4)

MAPSET(MAPSET4) FROM(LASTMAP4)ACCUM PAGING ERASE


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Printer Output


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Printer Concepts

The printer has a printer buffer similar to page buffer. It is the intermediate storgae

between the host system & the printer s print mechanismWhen the BMS page buffer is full, themessage is sent to the printer buffer The page overflow features can not be used.It has to be done by keeping track of a linecounter


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Printer Control Chacters

Form FeedUsed to skip to the top of the next page. Its hexa value is 0C . It occupies

the first position of the first line in the next page. It is printed as space.New LineUsed to direct the printing to continue from the first position of the next

line.Carriage ReturnSame as New line, but paper does not advance to new page. Printing starts

from the 1 st column of the same pageEnd of MessageMarks the end of a page. It is taken care of by BMS


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SENDTEXT & SENDMAPoptionsPRINT optionTo activate the print mechanismNLEOM option

Tells BMS to use new line & end of message controlcharacters while sending the data to the printer

FORMFEED optionTells BMS that a form feed control character to be

inserted, in the first position of the Printer buffer


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Printing Considerations

Overflow processing is to be done by the program.Hence no need to specify HEADER & TRAILER optionsFORMFEED option is to be used to skip pagesPAGING option is not to be used if the message isto be directly printed

SEND PAGE is to be issued to force the last pageof the message to be sent


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Message Routing


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ROUTE Command

SyntaxROUTE LIST(data-name)

INTERVAL(hhmmss) | TIME(hhmmss)

[NLEOM]ExampleROUTE LIST(ROUTE-LIST)

TIME(173000)


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ROUTE Command

01 ROUTE-LIST05 LIST-ENTRY-1.

10 LE1-TERM-ID PIC X(4) VALUE L1P1 .

10 FILLER PIC X(12) VALUE SPACES.05 LIST-ENTRY-2.

10 LE2-TERMI-ID PIC X(4) VALUE L2P3 . 10 FILLER PIC X(12) VALUE SPACES.

05 FILLER PIC S9(4) VALUE -1 COMP.


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RECEIVE Command


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RECEIVE Command

SyntaxRECEIVE INTO(data-area)

LENGTH(data-area)RESP(data-area)

Example

RECEIVE INTO(CMD-LINE)LENGTH(CMD-LENGTH)RESP(RESPONSE-CODE)


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SEND Command


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SEND Command

Syntax SEND FROM(data-name)

[LENGTH(data-value)][CTLCHAR(data-name)][ERASE]

ExampleSEND FROM(CUST-DATA)

ERASE


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Day 2 - Session 2

Temporary Storage&

Transient Data


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Temporary Storage


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Temporary Storage

Temporary storage is divided into Temporary Storagequeues (TS Queues)Each TS queue can contain one or more records

Each TS Queue is identified by a queue name (of 1 to 8characters)Each record is assigned an item number Access could be

Sequential (in item number sequence) Random (by specifying the item no)

Records can be re-written


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WRITEQ TS Command

SyntaxWRITEQ TS QUEUE(name)

FROM(data-area)

LENGTH(data value)[ITEM(data-area) | REWRITE][MAIN | AUXILIARY]

ExampleWRITEQ TS QUEUE(TSQ-NAME)

FROM(TSQ-RECORD)LENGTH(TSQ-LENGTH)


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READQ TS Command

SyntaxREADQ TS QUEUE(name)

INTO(data-area)LENGTH(data-area)[ITEM(data-value) | NEXT]

ExampleREADQ TS QUEUE(TSQ-NAME)

INTO(TSQ-REC)

LENGTH(TSQ-LENGTH)ITEM(TSQ-ITEM-NO)RESP(RESP-CODE)


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DELETEQ TS Command

SyntaxDELETEQTS QUEUE(NAME)

ExampleDELETEQTS QUEUE(TSQ-NAME)

If a TS queue is not deleted after processing, it exists indefinitely No provision to delete a single record


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Transient Data Queue

T i D Q


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Transient Data Queue(TD queue)

TD queue is also called destinationsTD queue should be defined in the DestinationControl Table (DCT). DCT contains the queuename (or destination id) & the queue scharacteristicsRecord gets deleted when it is read from the queue

Two types of transient data queues Extra partition data queue Intra partirion data queue

E t titi t i t d t


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Extra partition transient dataqueue

Can be accessed by batch programs alsoapart from CICS

Mainly used for capturing data online & process later by batch programsIt is a sequential file (QSAM)

It need not have to be in disk only; It can beon tape also.

I t titi t i t d t


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Intra partition transient dataqueue

Most commonly used than extra partition dataqueueIt is stored in a VSAM file named DFHNTRA.(all queues)Provides a facility for Auomatic TransactionInitiation (ATI).

A triger level is defined in DCT & the correspondingtransaction When the number of records reach the triger level, the

transaction is initiated automatically


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WRITEQ TD Command

SyntaxWRITEQ TD QUEUE(name)

FROM(data-area)[LENGTH(data-value)]

Example

WRITEQ TD QUEUE(L86P ) FROM (PRINT-AREA)


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READQ TD Command

SyntaxREADQ TD QUEUE(name)

INTO(data-area)[LENGTH(data-area)]

Example

READQ TD QUEUE(L86P ) INTO(PRINT-AREA)LENGTH(PRT-LEN)RESP(RESP-CODE)


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DELETEQ TD Command

SyntaxDELETEQ RD QUEUE(name)Example

DELETEQ TD QUEUE(L86P ) Though the records are delelted on completion of the readopertaion, the space occupied by the queue is not release.Hence it can be deleted to release the space.

DCT entry is not removedDELETEQ command is not valid for extra partitiondestination


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Day 3 - Session 1

Interval Controland

Task Control


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Interval Control


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ASKTIME Command

SyntaxASKTIME [ABSTIME(data-area)]

ABSTIME 15 byte packed decimal field where CICS places an abslute time value representing thenumber of milliseconds that have elapsed sinceJan 1 1900

ExampleASKTIME ABSTIME(ABSOLUTE-TIME)


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FORMATTIME commandFORMATTIME ABSTIME(data-area)

[DATE(data-area) [DATEFORM(data-area)]][MMDDYY(data-area)][DDMMYY(data-area)][YYMMDD(date-area)][YYDDMM(data-area)][YYDD(data-area)][DATESEP[(data-value)]][DAYCOUNT(data-area)][DAYOFWEEK(data-area)]

[DAYOFMONTH(data-area)][MONTHOFYEAR(data-area)][YEAR(data-area)][TIME(data-area)[TIMESEP[(data-value)]]


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FORMATTIME command

ABSTIME Data area containing the absolute timeDATE Date formated in installation specific formDATEFORM Installation standard is returned

MMDDYY Date in MMDDYY FormatDDMMYY Date in DDMMYY FormatYYMMDD Date in YYMMDD formatYYDDMM Date in YYDDMM formatYYDDD Date in YYDDD formatDATESEP Separator between day, month & year


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FORMATTIME command

DAYCOUNT No of days from Jan 1 1900DAYOFWEEK The number that corresponds to the day

of the week

DAYOFMONTH Day in the current monthMONTHOFYEAR Number that corresponds to the month

in current year YEAR full year (4 digits)

TIME Time in hhmmsss formatTIMESEP Separator used for time


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START Command

START TRANSID(name)INTERVAL(hhmmss) TIME(hhmmss)AFTER [HOURS(hh)] [MINUTES(mins)]

[SECONDS(secs)]AT [HOURS(hh)] [MINUTES(mins)]

[SECONDS(secs)][TERMID(name)][FROM(data-area) [LENGTH(data-value)]][RTERMID(name)] [RTRANSID(name)][QUEUE(name)] [REQID(name)]


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RETRIEVE COMMAND


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RETRIEVE COMMAND

SyntaxRETRIEVE INTO(data area)

[LENGTH(data-area)][RTRANSID(name)][RTERMID{name)]

[QUEUE(name)]


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SUSPEND Command

SUSPEND


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ENQ Command

ENQ RESOURCE(data area)LENGTH(data value)

RESOURCE 1 to 255 byte long character string that identifies the

resource to be ENQedLENGTH Length of the RESOURCE

field. Half word binary


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DEQ Command

DEQ RESOURCE(data area)LENGTH(data value)

RESOURCE 1 to 255 byte long character string that identifies the

resource to be DEQedLENGTH Length of the RESOURCE

field. Half word binary


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Day 4 - Session 1

Error Processing


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ABEND Processing


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HANDLE ABEND Command

SyntaxHANDLE ABEND PROGRAM(name) |

LABEL(proc-name) |CANCELRESET

ExampleHANDLE ABEND

PROGRAM(ABEND1 )


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ABEND Command

SyntaxABEND [ABCODE(data-value)]

[CANCEL]ExampleABEND ABCODE(X100 )

CANCEL


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Recovery Processing


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Recovery Processing

LoggingDynamic Transaction Backout

Emergency RestartLogical Unit of Work SYNCPOINT Command


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Day 4 - Session 2

Error Processing (contd)


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WRITE JOURNALNUM


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WRITE JOURNALNUMCommandWRITE JOURNALUM(data-value)

JTYPEID(data-value)FROM(data-area)[LENGTH(data-value)][WAIT][REQID(data-area)][STARTIO][PREFIX(data-area)

[PFXLENG(data-value]]

WAIT JOURNALNUM


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WAIT JOURNALNUMCommandWAIT JOURNALNUM(data-value)

[REQID(data-area)]

[STARTIO]


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Day 5 - Session 1

Inter communication


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Inter Communication

Transaction RoutingFunction Shipping

Distributed Program Link Asynchronous ProcessingDistributed Transaction Processing

h


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Communication Mechanisms

Multi Region Operation (MRO) InterRegion Communication Access Method

Unique to CICS Depends on Supervisor Calls

Cross-Memory Services Data exchanged directly between address spaces

No overhead of supervisor callInterystem Communication (ISC) Connected through VTAM


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Transaction Routing

A terminal owned by one CICS system run a transaction insome other systemPCT Entry in TOR

DFHPCT TYPE=REMOTE,TRANSID=INQ1,SYSIDENT=CTSC

PCT Entry in AOR

DFHPCT TYPE=ENTRYTRANSID=INQ1PROGRAM=CUSTINQ

T i R i


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Transaction Routing

CEDF expects the transaction to be owned by the same systemTo avoid this The terminal should be defined as a remote

terminal in AOR CRTE transaction should be initiated as

CRTE SYSID=CTSC To end the about routing transaction (CRTE)

CANCEL command should be entered

F i Shi i


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Function Shipping

A program in one CICS system accessresources owned by another CICS system.Supported Resources VSAM files Transient Data Destinations Temporary Storage queues IMS data basses

F i Shi i


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Function Shipping

FCT Entry in AOR DFHFCT TYPE=REMOTE

DATABASE=CUSTMASSYSIDNT=CTSC

LRECL=80KEYLEN=4

FCT Entry in FOR

DFHFCT TYPE=DATASETDATASSET=CUSTMAS

ACCMETH=(VSAM,KSDS)SERVREQ=(BROWSE,DELETE,UPDATE)RECFORM=(FIXED,BLOCKED)

F i Shi i


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Function Shipping

SYSID in CICS commandsREAD DATASET(CUSTMAS )

INTO(CUST-REC)RIDFLD(CUST-NO)SYSID(CTSC )

LENGTH(CMAS-LEN)KEYLENGTH(4)RESP(RESP-CODE)

Di ib d P Li k


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Distributed Program Link

A program running in one CICS system canissue a LINK command that invokes a

program in another CICS systemEasy way to implement client-server applicationsCan be used to avoid long sequence of function shipping requests

Di ib d P Li k


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Distributed Program Link

Format of LINK commandLINK PROGRAM(name)

[COMMAREA(data-vaue)[LENGTH(data-value)]]

[SYSID(system name)]

[SYNCONRETURN]


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Distributed Transaction


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Processing2 or more programs running on differentsystems communicate with each other. Thisis called conversationThe program that initiates the transaction iscalled front endThe other program is called back endThis is CICS implementation of APPC


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THANK YOU

advanced c ics

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