adriano bordalo ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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THE WATER QUESTION UNDER EXTREME POVERTYTHE EXAMPLE OF BOLAMA, GUINEA-BISSAU
THE WATER QUESTION UNDER EXTREME POVERTYTHE EXAMPLE OF BOLAMA, GUINEA-BISSAU
Adriano A. Bordalo & Joana Savva-BordaloAdriano A. Bordalo & Joana Savva-Bordalo
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GUINEA-BISSAU
28,000 km2 land area(32,000 km2)Tropical rain forest (85%)Wet - June to NovemberDry - December to May
28,000 km2 land area(32,000 km2)Tropical rain forest (85%)Wet - June to NovemberDry - December to May
1,600,00 inhabitantsAIDS - 7% [30%]GDP - $188
1,600,00 inhabitantsAIDS - 7% [30%]GDP - $188
13.6% “potable” waterCholeraDiarrheasMalariaRespiratory diseases
13.6% “potable” waterCholeraDiarrheasMalariaRespiratory diseases
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WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON
EUROPE - 150 litersEUROPE - 150 liters
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WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON
AFRICA - 50 litersAFRICA - 50 liters
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WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON
AFRICA - 50 litersAFRICA - 50 liters
RURAL POPULATIONnetwork
URBAN POPULATIONnetwork
5252 L 72 L72 L
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WATER USES WATER USES
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THE ORIGIN OF WATER THE ORIGIN OF WATER
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THE ORIGIN OF WATER THE ORIGIN OF WATER
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WATER CONSTRAINS WATER CONSTRAINS
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WATER CONSTRAINS WATER CONSTRAINS
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WATER CONSTRAINS WATER CONSTRAINS
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WATER CONSTRAINS WATER CONSTRAINS
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WATER CONSUMPTION WATER CONSUMPTION
21 liters
40 liters (Muslim areas)
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RATIONALE RATIONALE
1. Seasonal water quality
2. Disease
3. Sustainable measures
1. Seasonal water quality
2. Disease
3. Sustainable measures
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SAMPLING STRATEGY SAMPLING STRATEGY
28 - 43 wells
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Bolama precipitation (1998-2007)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
mm
PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION
1998 - 2007
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Bolama precipitation (1998-2007)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
mm
PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION
1998 - 2007
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
J F M A M J J A S O N D
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
Bolama - Precipitation
Month
mm
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WATER ACIDITY WATER ACIDITY
wet seasonwet season
dry seasondry season
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
EU
pH
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FECAL CONTAMINATION FECAL CONTAMINATION
wet seasonwet season
dry seasondry season
0 25 50 75 100 125
fecal coliforms 100 ml-1
EU
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IRONIRON
wet seasonwet season
dry seasondry season
0 50 100 150 200 250µg l-1
EU
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FECAL COLIFORMSFECAL COLIFORMS
uncontaminated zone
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WATER QUALITY INDEXWATER QUALITY INDEX
50-60% - reasonable50-60% - reasonable
40-50% - mediocre40-50% - mediocre
<40% - bad<40% - bad
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WATER NETWORK?WATER NETWORK?
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D0
100
200
300
400
500
600PatientsPrecipitation
No patients
Precipitation (mm)
Month
PRECIPITATION & DISEASE PRECIPITATION & DISEASE
Bolama 2006/07
2006 2007
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PRECIPITATION & DISEASE PRECIPITATION & DISEASE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D0
100
200
300
400
500
600IntestinalPrecipitation
No patients
Precipitation (mm)
Month
2006 2007
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CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY
MalariaRespiratory infectionsDiarrhea
35%15%15%
UNDP, 2002
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CHOLERA EPIDEMICS CHOLERA EPIDEMICS
1986, 1987,1994, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2005
2008
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PROBLEM
400 g of oyster shells Acidic water
pH
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
23:32 0:32 1:32 2:32 3:32 4:32 5:32 6:32 7:32 8:32 9:32Time (UTC)
EUEU
SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS
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1 drop bleach in one liter of water
PROBLEM
Fecal materials
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 20 40 60 80
Time (minutes)
Fecal coliforms (cfu 100 ml-1)EUEU
SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS
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XX
MORE SOLUTIONS MORE SOLUTIONS
wells
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MORE SOLUTIONS MORE SOLUTIONS
XX latrines
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acknowledgmentsacknowledgments
AMI - International Medical AssistancePortuguese Embassy - BissauAIDA - Spanish CooperationBolama Regional Health AuthorityICBAS - University of PortoIPO - Porto