adolescence – biosocial development
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Adolescence – Biosocial Development. Ages 11 to 18 What body changes develop during adolescence?. When does Puberty begin?. Menarche = First menstrual period Spermarche = First ejaculation Between 8 & 14 2/3 of the variation is genetic. What are the changes in Puberty?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ADOLESCENCE – BIOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENTAges 11 to 18What body changes develop during adolescence?
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WHEN DOES PUBERTY BEGIN? Menarche = First menstrual period Spermarche = First ejaculation Between 8 & 14
2/3 of the variation is genetic
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WHAT ARE THE CHANGES IN PUBERTY?
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WHAT PHYSICAL CHANGES OCCUR? For girls
Breast development – growth spurt – menarche
For boysTestes – initial pubic hair - spermarche
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WHAT IS THE GROWTH SPURT? Typical growth spurt
Weight – Height – Muscle
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WHAT ORGANS INCREASE? Lungs triple in size Heart doubles in size Skin becomes oilier (acne) Pubic hair develops
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HOW DO GLANDS CHANGE? Hormones are secreted from: Pituitary gland
Regulates growth Controls adrenal and sex glands
Adrenal glands begin producing Stress hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and
norepinephrine Gonads
Ovaries – female- Produce Estradiol (Estrogen) and Ova
Testicles – male – Produce Testosterone and sperm Each sex produces an increased small amount of
the other sex hormone
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HOW DO HORMONES EFFECT EMOTIONS? Relationship is Reciprocal
Hormones and trigger emotions, and emotions can trigger hormones
Hormones Emotions
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WHAT HAPPENS TO ADOLESCENT LOGIC AND EMOTIONS? Excitement and emotional areas (Limbic
system & Amygdala) develop before emotional regulation, analysis, and impulse control (Prefrontal cortex) develops.
When emotions are intense, the logical part of the brain shuts downDeaths from accidentsFun of immediate sex VS pregnancy & STD’s
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DO YOU REMEMBER? What signals the beginning of puberty in
boys and girls? In what order does the growth spurt
occur? What are the changes in organs and
glands? What is the relationship between
hormones and emotions? What is the relationship between
adolescent emotions and logic?
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WHAT EFFECT DOES PUBERTY HAVE ON BODY RHYTHMS? Circadian rhythms (the day – night
cycle) Puberty alters the body rhythms E.g. Awake at midnight and sleeping in
the morning
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HOW DOES BODY FAT EFFECT PUBERTY? Obesity = early onset of puberty Malnutrition = late onset of puberty Dramatic loss of weight will cause your
period to stopConcentration campMarathon training
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HOW DOES STRESS EFFECT PUBERTY? Family conflict & stress = early onset of
puberty Stress hormones are a direct cause of early
puberty Genes may be a factor Early puberty = early sex
Increased sexual risk taking – More partners, pregnancies, & diseases
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WHY IS HITTING PUBERTY AT NORMAL AGES IS BEST? Early maturing girls
May be teased by boys Lower self-esteem More depression Poorer body image
Early maturing boys More aggression Law-breaking Alcohol-abusing
Early maturing in both sexes Sexual activity & pregnancy = depression and
other psychosocial problems
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DO YOU REMEMBER? What are the circadian rhythms that
effect puberty? How does body fat effect puberty? What is the effect of family stress and
conflict on puberty? Why is hitting puberty at normal ages
best?
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NUTRITION
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BODY IMAGE Anxiety about body image Girls = Diet to get thin
Boys like thin girls Boys = Taller and stronger
Girls like tall strong boys
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HOW DO EATING DISORDERS EFFECT ADOLESCENTS?
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HOW DOES ANOREXIA EFFECT ADOLESCENTS? Self-starvation Sees herself as fat
when she is not Fear of weight
gain Absence of
menstruation (Both adolescents
and adults) BMI = 18 or lower
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HOW DOES BULIMIA EFFECT ADOLESCENTS? Binge (Compulsive overeating) and
purge (Vomiting and laxatives) Close to normal weight Hormones Childhood eating patterns
E.g. “eat everything on your plate”
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WHAT CAN CAUSE DISORDERED EATING? Origins
Culture – Fast food cultureStress – Comfort foodPuberty
One strategy to reduce eating problemsFamily eating together during childhood
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DO YOU REMEMBER? What is anorexia?
What can cause it? What is bulimia?
What can cause it? What is one strategy to reduce eating
problems?
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WHAT SEXUAL MATURATION OCCURS?
Primary sex characteristicsDirectly involved in reproductionUterus and testes grow
Secondary sex characteristicsNot directly involved in
reproductionBeard and breasts
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WHAT FACTORS EFFECT SEXUAL ACTIVITY? Hormones - Thoughts and emotions Society (Social context) - shapes
thoughts, fantasies, shame, guilt, actual behavior
Religion – Shapes behaviorVirginity pledge
Delays first intercourse Increases later pregnancy due to not using
protection
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WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF EARLY PREGNANCY? Pregnant before age 15
High blood pressure Spontaneous abortion Still born Low birth weight Other lifelong medical,
educational and social problems Poverty Lack of education No husband Depression Drug use
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DO YOU REMEMBER? What changes does sexual maturation
produce? What are the effects of early pregnancy?
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