administrative law- ii project

7/23/2019 Administrative LAW- II PROJECT

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NATIONAL LAW I NSTITUTE U NIVERSITY, BHOPAL

Project on

ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION AND

JUDICIAL REVIEW

Submitted to: Mrs.Susm!. Submitted b": #isore $!ur!%

Ro&& No.: '()' B.A. LL.B. (*

-Tenth Trimester, IV Year

)



TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….4

.D!"inition# $i%!n &' r!no(n!d )ut*or#………………………………………………………+

,.C)#! -)(#………………………………………………………………………………………..

4/B)#i# o" di#cr!tion………………………………………………………………………….......0

+. F)ctor# contri&utin$ to t*! $ro(t* o" di#cr!tion…………………………………………....

. Judici)- r!%i!(………………………………………………………………………………..12

0. C)#! -)(#……………………………………………………………………………………...11

3. Conc-u#ion……………………………………………………………………………………1

'



INDE OF AUT5ORITIES

Cases

Aror! %. St!te O+ U.P.....................................................................................................................)(Aror! %. St!te o+ Utt!r Pr!des, AIR )*' S- ))*......................................................................)(

-!&/utt! E&e/tri/it" Su00&" -or0or!tio1 %. Wor2ers U1io1.............................................................

-u3!m!& %. -!&i!, AIR )4) S- 45(.........................................................................................

6R. Pr!t!0 Si13 %. St!te o+ Pu17!b................................................................................................

Hrid!" N!r!"!1 %. ITO....................................................................................................................*

Pr!t!0 Si13 %. St!te o+ Pu17!b, AIR )*5 P H '8........................................................................8

Se/ret!r" o+ St!te +or Edu/!tio1 9 S/ie1/e Vs Tomeside Metro Borou3 -ou1/i&.......................*

S!r0 %. W!2e+ie&d...........................................................................................................................4

Seri++ Amed %. R.T.O Meerut )48............................................................................................*

St!te o+ bomb!" %. #.0. 2ris1!1...................................................................................................)(

St!te O+ M!dr!s V. S!rti .............................................................................................................)(

U1ited St!tes %. Wo1der&i/.............................................................................................................*

UOI %. #u&dee0 Si13 '((...........................................................................................................*

5



INTRODUCTION

6is/retio1 !s bee1 de+i1ed !s te +reedom or !utorit" to m!2e 7ud3eme1ts !1d to !/t !s o1e

sees +it. i.e. to s!", +ree e;er/ise o+ 0o<er !s re3!rds te !bi&it" to /oose +rom di++ere1t <!"s to

!/ie%e ! 0!rti/u&!r 3o!& or resu&t.) Admi1istr!ti%e dis/retio1 <ou&d me!1 /oosi13 +rom %!rious

!%!i&!b&e !&ter1!ti%es but <it re+ere1/e to ru&es o+ re!so1s !1d 7usti/e !1d 1ot !//ordi13 to

0erso1!& <ims.=' I1%!ri!b&", i1 !&& s"stems o+ iuris0rude1/e, !//e0ted 1orm t!t te -ourts <i&&

1ot i1ter+ere <it te !/tio1 0ursued b" su/ !utorities i1 e;er/ise o+ teir !dmi1istr!ti%e

dis/retio1.

Admi1istr!ti%e dis/retio1 re+ers to de3ree o+ &!titude o+ +&e;ibi&it" e;er/ised b" 0ub&i/

!dmi1istr!tors <e1 m!2i13 !1" busi1ess or /o1du/ti13 !1" 0ub&i/ busi1ess. 5 Te /ie+ sour/e

o+ dis/retio1 is &e3is&!tio1s. Tere is ! di++ere1/e o+ de3ree. 6is/retio1 /ou&d be o+ ! %er" i3

de3ree, medium &e%e&, !1d ! %er" &o< &e%e& dis/retio1 !1d 1o dis/retio1. Wider is te dis/retio1,

more is te d!13er.

It /!11ot be e;0e/ted o+ te -ourts to !%e te time !1d /om0ete1/e to 7ud3e e!/ !1d e%er"

m!tter, &et !&o1e substitute it>s <isdom +or t!t o+ te !utorit" /o1/er1ed. A3!i1, tis does 1ot

me!1 t!t te -ourts <i&& 1ot i1ter+ere !t !&&. Te" <i&& 1ot !&&o< dis/retio1!r" 0o<er to !ssume

te 3!rb o+ !rbitr!r" 0o<er. Te -ourts !%e to e1sure t!t dis/retio1 is e;er/ised stri/t&" <iti1

) See, I. P. Massey, Administrative Law, 62 (1985).

' See, M. P. Jain, Principles of Administrative Law, 330 (1993).

5 See, William . M!"e#d, The New Collins Concise Dictionary of the English

Language, 319 (l985).



te /o1ditio1!&ities &!id do<1 b" te &!< <i&e e;er/isi13 su/ dis/retio1. Tod!", te ?uestio1 o+

/o1tro& o+ dis/retio1!r" 0o<er is 0er!0s te most /ru/i!& !1d /riti/!& 0rob&em o+ moder1

!dmi1istr!ti%e &!<.

DEFINITIONS 6IVEN B7 RENOWNED AUT5ORS

8ro". Ju-iu# 6r!' 96is/retio1 is ! 0o<er to m!2e ! de/isio1 t!t /!11ot be determi1ed to be

ri3t or <ro13 i1 !1" ob7e/ti%e <!".

J. Ed()rd Co:! 9@. Ed<!rd -o2e de+i1ed dis/retio1 !s Discretion is ! s/ie1/e o+

u1derst!1di13, to dis/er1 bet<ee1 +!&sit" !1d trut, bet<ee1 <ro13 !1d ri3t, bet<ee1 s!do<s

!1d subst!1/e, bet<ee1 e?uit" !1d /o&our!b&e 3&!sses !1d 0rete1/es, !1d 1ot to do !//ordi13 to

teir me1>s <i&& !1d 0ri%!te !++e/tio1s.

;)r < L)(#on9 M!1" o+ te !/ts 0er+ormed b" 0ub&i/ !utorities or 0ub&i/ o++i/es !re do1e i1

stri/t obedie1/e to ru&es o+ st!tute or /ommo1 &!< <i/ im0ose o1 tem ! sim0&e or de+i1ite

dut" i1 res0e/t o+ <i/ te" !%e 1o /oi/e.

Lord Di=-oc: Co>>!nt on Di#cr!tion in

S!cr!t)r' o" St)t! "or Educ)tion < Sci!nc! V# To>!#id! M!tro Borou$* Counci-4

Te %er" /o1/e0t o+ Admi1istr!ti%e dis/retio1 i1%o&%es ! ri3t to /oose bet<ee1 more t!1 o1e

0ossib&e /ourse o+ !/tio1 u0o1 <i/ tere is ! room +or re!so1!b&e 0eo0&e to o&d di++ere1t

o0i1io1 !s to <i/ is to be 0re+erred.

)44 A- )()



CASE LAWS

1. S!cr!t)r' o" St)t! "or Educ)tion < Sci!nc! V# To>!#id! M!tro Borou$* Counci-

+

Te %er" /o1/e0t o+ Admi1istr!ti%e dis/retio1 i1%o&%es ! ri3t to /oose bet<ee1 more t!1 o1e

0ossib&e /ourse o+ !/tio1 u0o1 <i/ tere is ! room +or re!so1!b&e 0eo0&e to o&d di++ere1t

o0i1io1 !s to <i/ is to be 0re+erred.

. UOI %. ;u-d!!= Sin$* ?224@

iC 6is/retio1 me!1s to dis/er1 bet<ee1 ri3t !1d <ro13. It is to /oose te best.

iiC Woe%er e;er/ises te dis/retio1 is bou1d b" re!so1 !1d ru&e o+ &!<.

6is/retio1 sou&d be 3o%er1ed b" ru&e o+ &!<.

,. 5rid)' N)r)')n %. ITO

I1 tis /!se /orre/tio1 o+ /&eri/!& errors <ere /o1sidered to be mi1isteri!& +u1/tio1 o1&".

4. S*!ri"" A*>!d %. R.T.O M!!rut ?103@

6is/retio1!r" 0o<er i1%o&%es e;er/ise o+ 0o<er usi13 dis/retio1 <i/ is b!sed o1 sub7e/ti%e

s!tis+!/tio1. Te e;0ressio1s de0e1di13 dis/retio1 !re D We1e%er te !utorit" deems it

1e/ess!r", re!so1!b&e, !00ro0ri!te, i+ it is s!tis+ied, i+ it is o+ o0i1io1.

ibid

* )4) S-R 5C *85

*



+. Unit!d St)t!# %. Wond!r-ic*0 9@usti/e 6ou3&!s /omme1ted u0o1 te im0ort!1/e o+

Admi1istr!ti%e 6is/retio1. But e st!ted t!t Abso&ute dis/retio1 is ! rut&ess m!ster. It is

more destru/ti%e o+ +reedom t!1 !1" oter um!1 i1%e1tio1.

. S*)r= %. W):!"i!-d3

Te <ord dis/retio1 me!1s /oosi13 +rom oter !%!i&!b&e o0tio1s. Tis /oi/e sou&d be b!sed

o1 ru&es o+ re!so1s !1d 7usti/e !1d 1ot o1 0erso1!& <ims !1d +!1t!sies o+ !1 i1di%idu!&. Su/

e;er/ise must 1ot be !rbitr!r", %!3ue !1d +!1/ib&e. But it sou&d be re!& !1d re3u&!r.

B)#i# o" Di#cr!tion

)C Auto1om" !1d Le3!&it"'C Pro/edur!& Im0ro0riet"

5C Pro0ortio1!&it"

C R!tio1!&it"

F)ctor# Contri&utin$ to t*! $ro(t* o" Di#cr!tion

)C Need o+ /o1tro& i1 te !re! o+ <e&+!re, e/o1om" !1d e1%iro1me1t.

'C Te &imited &e3is&!ti%e /!0!/it", resour/es !1d time.

5C Need o+ te/1i/!& e;0ertise i1 te !re! o+ so/i!& order !1d <e&+!re me1t!& e!&t, /i&d/!re,

7u%e1i&e 7usti/eC !1d /&!ims o+ s/ie1/e 7usti+ies !1 i1/re!se i1 te dis/retio1!r" 0o<er o+

i1stitutio1s !1d e;0erts.

C -om0&e;it" o+ sub7e/t m!tter.

C Si+t i1 0o<er stru/ture o+ te moder1 st!te.*C 6is/retio1 is o+te1 desir!b&e +or i1di%idu!& 7usti/e.

4 US S- ))

8 )8) A- )45

4



JUDICIAL REVIEW

B" <!" o+ @udi/i!& re%ie< @udi/i!& /o1tro& is im0osed o1 !dmi1istr!ti%e dis/retio1. Te 0ositio1

o+ &!< <it re3!rd to 7udi/i!& re%ie< is su/ t!t -ourts /!11ot substitute teir %ie<. -ourts

s!&& 1ot !/t !s !00e&&!te bod". -ourt is 1ot !1 !00e&&!te !utorit" <ere /orre/t1ess o+ order o+

!dmi1istr!tio1 /!1 be /!1%!ssed.

It is 1ot +or te -ourt to 0ut itse&+ i1 te 0&!/e o+ te /o1/er1ed !utorit" !1d de/ide <eter or

1ot it <ou&d !%e /ome to te s!me de/isio1 !s !rri%ed !t b" te !utorit". A&& t!t it sou&d do

<ou&d be to see <eter te 0o<er !s bee1 e;/eeded or !/ted u0o1 i1 ! m!11er u1be/omi13 o+

te s!id dis/retio1. Te 7udi/i!& 0o<er o+ i1ter+ere1/e <it te e;er/ise o+ !dmi1istr!ti%e 0o<er

o1 te 3rou1d o+ !1 !utorit" !/ti13 /o1tr!r" to &!< !s bee1 +ou1d to !%e e1ou3 +&e;ibi&it" to

/e/2 !buse o+ dis/retio1.=

E;te1t o+ @udi/i!& -o1tro&We1e%er ! dis/retio1 is /o1+erred o1 !1 !dmi1istr!ti%e !utorit",

3uide&i1es !re !&so issued +or te e;er/ise o+ t!t dis/retio1. I+ te !dmi1istr!ti%e !utorit"

e;/eeds t!t 0!r!meter, te !/tor de/isio1 /ou&d be e&d to be u&tr!%ires 1ot !%i13 te !utorit"

o+ &!<.

Tis is be/!use te !utorit" /!11ot e;/eed te &imit!tio1 set b" te 0!re1t st!tute itse&+. Tus te

-ourt !s to see <eter te de/isio1 <!s re!/ed i1 ! 0ro0er m!11er or 1ot, i+ "es, te -ourt

<i&& 1ot set !side te order o+ te !utorit". But, o1 te oter !1d, i+ te -ourt /omes to te

/o1/&usio1 t!t tere <ere some e;tr!1eous re!so1s +or su/ !1 order, te -ourt m!" i1 it>s

<isdom set !side or ?u!s su/ order.

Pr!t!0 Si13 %. St!te o+ Pu17!b, AIR )*5 P H '8

8



Te -ourt, i1 te e;er/ise o+ it>s 7udi/i!& re%ie<, is 1ot /o1/er1ed <!tsoe%er <it te

/orre/t1ess o+ te +i1di13s o+ +!/t o1 te b!sis o+ <i/ orders !re m!de !s &o13 !s tose +i1di13s

!re re!so1!b&" su00orted b" e%ide1/e.

order /!1 be u0e&d, it sou&d be u0e&d i+ tere is 1o oter %iti!ti13 +!/tor.

6round# o" A&u#!

Were te dis/retio1!r" 0o<er is /o1+erred o1 te !dmi1istr!ti%e !utorit" +or o1e 0ur0ose, it

/!11ot be e;er/ised to !/ie%e !1oter 0ur0ose, !1d i+ do1e, it <ou&d be ! /&e!r !buse o+ t!t

0o<er. So tou3 te i1te1tio1s m!" be 3ood, i+ it is outside te 0ur0orted ob7e/ti%e, it <ou&d be

&i2e&" to be stru/2 do<1. It is 1e/ess!r" to 3o i1to te moti%e +or <i/ te !/tio1 <!s t!2e1 i1

0!rti/u&!r m!11er.= We1e%er ! dis/retio1!r" 0o<er is /o1+erred, it must be e;er/ised 2ee0i13 i1

mi1d te re&e%!1t /o1sider!tio1 +or t!t 0ur0ose, i.e. to s!" +!/tors <i/ <ou&d !%e ! dire/t

be!ri13 o1 ! re!so1ed order, i1ste!d o+ /o1sider!tio1s



CASE LAWS

1. DR. 8r)t)= Sin$* %. St)t! o" 8un)&12 9

In Pratap Singh v. State of Punjab11 an #rder #$ s%s&ensi#n #$ a !ivil

s%r'e#n as set aside #n te 'r#%nd tat it as a !lear mala!de e*er!ise #$

&#er as it as s#n tat te +ie$ Minister ad &ers#nal anim#sity

t#ards im. It as $%rter eld tat $#r estalisin' mala!de, dire!t

eviden!e as n#t ne!essary en s%! an in$eren!e as inevitale $r#m te

!ir!%mstan!es s#n. -#rmally, i$ te &lea #$ mala!de is n#t taen, te

#rder ill a&&ear t# e valid #n te $a!e #$ te re!#rd. +#nse/%ently, te

%rden #$ &r#vin' mala!de is #n te &ers#n main' te alle'ati#n. s%ally

tere is a &res%m&ti#n in $av#r #$ te administrati#n tat te e*er!ise #$ s%!

&#er as in '##d $ait and $#r &%li! enet.12 #ever te +#%rts ill n#t

a!!e&t va'%e and !as%al alle'ati#ns s%''estin' tat a &arti!%lar a!ti#n as

taen it an %lteri#r m#tive. It is $#r te &etiti#ner t# !#n!l%sively &r#ve

mala!de e*er!ise #$ &#er $ailin' i! te #rder ill e %&eld.13

. I1 C)-cutt) E-!ctricit' Su==-' Cor=or)tion %. Wor:!r# Union14 /

)( AIR )*5 P H '8

)) AIR )*5 P H '8

)' i"id

)5 Chugamal v# Chaliha, AI 1941 + 430.

)(



Te !utorities !d te dis/retio1 to !<!rd ! /&!im +or te medi/!& e;0e1ses o+ te em0&o"ees,

te -ourt e&d t!t i1 doi13 so, it /ou&d 1ot 3r!1t !id to te +!mi&ies o+ te em0&o"ees, !s su/ !

0o<er <!s 1ot m!1d!ted. Te -ourts seems to !%e t!2e1 te %ie< t!t i+ tere is !1"ti13 to

so< t!t !1 order /!1 be u0e&d, it sou&d be u0e&d i+ tere is 1o oter %iti!ti13 +!/tor .)

3. Aror) %. St)t! O" U.8. 1 9 In Arora v. State of Uttar Pradesh17

ere te tate #vernment as a%t#rised t# a!/%ire land $#r a !#m&any

$#r &%li! &%r&#se and ere it as a!/%ired $#r a Private +#m&any, te

+#%rt eld te #rder t# e ad as ased #n irrelevant !#nsiderati#n. e

+#%rt !learly s&e!ied tat it as %& t# te +#%rts t# inter&ret &r#visi#ns and

n#t $#r te #vernment d# s#.

4. St)t! O" M)dr)# V. S)rt*i13 9

Se/tio1 )( o+ te I1dustri!& 6is0ute A/t, )4 <!s i1 ?uestio1. Were i+ te 3o%t. is o+ o0i1io1

t!t !1" i1dustri!& dis0ute e;ists or !00ree1ded, it /!1 re+er t!t dis0ute to !d7udi/!tio1 b" !1

I1dustri!& tribu1!&. It <!s e&d b" S- t!t i1 m!2i13 te re+ere1/e, 3o%t. <!s doi13 !1

) ) S-- *C 8

)-!&/utt! E&e/tri/it" Su00&" -or0or!tio1 %. Wor2ers U1io1, ) S-- *C 8

)* AIR )*' S- ))*.

)4 Arora v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR )*' S- ))*.

)8 AIR )* S- )'5(

))



!dmi1istr!ti%e !/t !1d te +!/tu!& e;iste1/e o+ te dis0ute !1d te e;0edie1/" o+ m!2i13 !

re+ere1/e i1 te /ir/umst!1/es o+ ! 0!rti/u&!r /!se <ere m!tter e1tire&" +or te 3o%t. to de/ide.

. St)t! o" &o>&)' %. ;.=. :ri#*n)n1

Se/ )' o+ I1dustri!& 6is0ute A/t st!ted t!t 3o%t. is re?uired to re/ord re!so1s +or 1ot re+erri13

!1" dis0ute to I1dustri!& Tribu1!&. It <!s e&d b" S- t!t te /ourt /ou&d 1ot e;!mi1e te

0ro0riet", /orre/t1ess, !de?u!/" or s!tis+!/tor" /!r!/ter o+ te s!id re!so1.

CCONCLUSIONONCLUSION

It !s bee1 re0e!ted&" e&d t!t te -ourts <i&& 1ot 3o i1to te merits o+ te /!se e;/e0t to &oo2

i1to te m!11er i1 <i/ te 0o<er <!s e;er/ised. I+ it is +ou1d to !%e bee1 e;er/ised i1 te

m!11ers 0re%ious&" dis/ussed, te -ourt <i&& set !side or ?u!s te order. Tere seems to be

some s&i3t /o1tr!di/tio1 i1 te 0ositio1s !do0ted b" te -ourt. Wi&e o1 o1e !1d, te -ourt

re+used to 3o i1to te merits, o1 te oter it 3oes i1to o< te 0o<ers <ere e;er/ised. Ho< /!1

te %!&idit" o+ te 0ro/edure be 3o1e i1to <itout 3oi13 i1to te merits o+ te /!sesF Te &i1e o+

se0!r!tio1 bet<ee1 te t<o seems to be %er" ti1 i1deed. Te -ourts o%er te "e!rs seem to !%e

re!&iGed t!t te best <!" to /o1tro& or stem !buse o+ dis/retio1 is to be !s stri/t !s 0ossib&e i1

/ert!i1 /!ses <i&e bei13 &iber!& i1 some oter !00ro0ri!te /!ses.

Te -ourts <i&& 1ot u1der !1" /ir/umst!1/es substitute its o<1 %ie<s +or t!t o+ te /o1/er1ed

!utorit". I1 s0ite o+ e%er"ti13, te -ourts sti&& 0&!" ! m!r3i1!& ro&e i1 te /o1tro& o+ e;er/ise o+

dis/retio1!r" 0o<er. Te -ourts seem to !%e t!2e1 it u0o1 temse&%es to +i&& i1 te 3!0s b"

&oo2i13 i1to te e1!b&i13 !/t, !1d determi1i13 te 0!r!meters <iti1 <i/ su/ dis/retio1 ou3t

to !%e bee1 e;er/ised. urter te -ourts seem to be i1sisti13 o1 s0e!2i13 orders to e1!b&e

) AIR )*( S- )''5

)'



tem to /omme1t o1 its %!&idit" i1 /!se o+ !1" dis0ute. Te -ourts !%e bee1 %er" /!utious i1

de!&i13 <it su/ /!ses !s i1ter+eri13 i1 e%er" oter order <ou&d me!1 t!2i13 !<!" te %er" ide!

bei1d <i/ te dis/retio1 <!s 3r!1ted i1 te +irst 0&!/e. @. 6ou3&!s D L!< !s re!/ed its +i1est

mome1ts <e1 it !s +reed m!1 +rom u1&imited dis/retio1 o+ some ru&er. Were dis/retio1 is

!bso&ute, m!1 !s !&so su++ered.

BBIBLIOGRAPHY IBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

7A 7A , AD$%N%ST&AT%'E L A( , 168 (1993).

I.P. MA:, A7MI-IAI; L A( , 62 (1985).

M. P. JAI-, P&%NC%PLES )* AD$%N%ST&AT%'E L A( , 330 (1993).

WI""IAM . M+"<7, T +E NE( C)LL%NS C)NC%SE D%CT%)NA& )* T+E EN-L%S+

L AN-.A-E, 319 ("985). 7A 7A A, S+)&TE& C)NST%T.T%)N )* %ND%A, 13 7-. (WA7WA A-7

+<MPA-:, -AP). M. P JAI-, %ND%AN C)NST%T.T%)NAL L A( , 5 7-. (WA7WA A-7 +<MPA-:,

-AP)

WEB RESOURCES

P=>>WWW.MA-PAA.+<M>

P=>> WWW."A";I+I-7IA.+<M>

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