Jesse Hallenbeck, CFI

Goals To walk away with…

A refreshed memory Some new tools in the toolbox

To reflect on past experiences, and ideas gained from those experiences

To be a safer pilot!

Overview ADM

Why!?Concept Use

Pilotage Definition and Concept Basic Process Practical Use

Overview (continued)

Putting the pieces together How are ADM and Pilotage intertwined?What principals of ADM are involved when

planning a flight?What are some operation pitfalls that relate to

ADM? Resources to use in Flight Planning

ADM DefinedDefinition (AC 60-22)

“…a systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances”

Steps for good decision making are Identifying personal attitudes hazardous to safe flight Learning behavior modification techniquesLearning how to recognize and cope with stress Developing risk assessment skills Using all resources in a multi-crew situation Evaluating the effectiveness of ones ADM skills

Why ADM?!80%

ADM Concept Provides a structured framework to decision

makingHelps to both reduce and manage risk by

helping the pilot first recognize the risk In short:

It is what a pilot intends to do based on the latest information he or she has.

Use Everything

Flight planning Operation of the aircraft Emergency situations Etc.

Pilotage Navigation by reference to landmarks or other

easily identifiable checkpoints It is the most common form of navigation and is often

used in conjunction with other forms of navigation

Basic ProcessFirst and Foremost you have correct and current

chartsUnfold and lay out your charts, giving yourself

lots of room to work Allows you to get the big picture of your overall trip

Give consideration to the many different factors that can affect your route of flight Terrain Airspace Checkpoints Etc.

How does this relate to the concepts of ADM???

Basic Process (Continued)

Plot your initial course and refine it as necessary

Use a plotter to measure your course in nautical miles ENSURE you are using the correct scale!

Your goal is to fly the course your drew on the chart Requires you to constantly maintain your

situational awareness Use wind correction as needed to maintain your

selected course

Practical Use One of the oldest forms of navigation

Used during the earliest days of aviation Easiest to use

You, Your map, and the World Often times the most enjoyable to use

You get to enjoy the view!

An example…

Putting the pieces together ADM often focuses on four main factors when

talking abut flight planning

P – Pilot

A – Aircraft

V – Environment

E – External Factors

The Pilot The one factor you have most control over:

YOU! Are you fit for the flight?

Eat?Sleep?Etc

Affects on flight planning/pilotage?

The Aircraft Is the aircraft Suitable for the flight being conducted?

Weight limits Structural limitations Equipment installed (instruments and the like)

More importantly, are YOU suitable to the airplane? Are you thoroughly familiar with the AFM/POH?Do you have the emergency procedures memorized? V Speeds?

Affects on flight planning/pilotage?

The Environment Offers the most variables of the four factors

Weather Terrain Airport Airspace Night vs. Day Visual Illusions

Affects on flight planning/pilotage?

External Pressures Anything external to the flight itself that

places more pressure on you to complete the flight Friend waiting for you Big event where you are going “Get-there-itus” and/or ego Eager to please, even with a reduction in safety

Affects on flight planning/pilotage?

Remember to DECIDE…D – Detect

E - Estimate

C - Choose

I - Identify

D - Do

E - Evaluate

Operational Pitfalls Scud Running

Get-There-Itis

Continuing VFR into IMC

Loss of SA

Flying outside the Envelope

Resources Google Earth

http://earth.google.comSky Vector

http://skyvector.comAir-Nav

http://www.airnav.comFAA.gov

http://www.faa.govAIM

http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/ATpubs/AIM/

Questions?