adinkra cloth symbols - asante wisdom

ADINKRACLOTH

SYMBOLS

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● THE HISTORY OF ADINKRA CLOTH● ADINKRA PICTURE GALLERY

● 110 BOLD GRAPHIC ADINKRA SYMBOLS● PRONUNCIATIONS & MEANINGS

ASANTE WISDOM

TABLE OF CONTENTSThe History Of Adinkra ClothThe History Of Adinkra Cloth (Continued)Adinkra Picture Gallery 1Adinkra Picture Gallery 2Adinkra Picture Gallery 3Aban - Great FortressAbode Santann - All Seeing EyeAbusua Pa - Good FamilyAdinkrahene - King Of Adinkra SymbolsAdwo - Peace or SerenityAgyin Dawuru - Agyin’s GongAkoben - War HornAkofena - State SwordsAkoko Nan - Hen’s FeetAkoma - HeartAkoma Ntoaso - Joined HeartsAkwaaba - WelcomeAnanse Ntontan - Spider’s Web Ani Bre A Enso Gya - Red Eyes Can’t Spark FlamesAnyi Me Aye A - If You Will Not Praise MeAsaawa - Sweet BerryAsaase Ye Duro - The Earth Has WeightAsetena Pa - Good LivingAwurade Baatanfo - God The MotherAya - FernBese Saka - Bunch Of Cola NutsBoafo Ye Na - Willing HelperDame Dame - Board GameDonno - Bell DrumDonno Ntoaso - Talking DrumDuafe - Wooden CombDwennimmen - Ram’s HornsEban - FenceEpa - HandcuffsEse Ne Tekremah - Teeth And TongueEsono Anantam - Elephant’s FootprintFafanto - ButterflyFihankra - Compound HouseFofoo Aba - Fofoo Plant SeedFuntummireku Denkyemmireku - Two-Headed CrocodileGyawu Atiko - War Hero’s Hair StyleGye Nyame - Except GodGye W’Ani - Enjoy YourselfHwehwemudua - Measuring RodHye Wo Nhye - UnburnableKokuromotie - ThumbKramo Bone - Bad MohammedanKuntunkantan - Inflated PrideKuronti Ne Akwamu - Power And BalanceKyemfere - PotsherdsMako Nyinaa - All PeppersMate Masie - I Understand YouMekyia Wo - I Salute YouMframadan - House Built to Withstand Strong WindMmara Krado - Seal Of LawMo No Yo - CongratulationsMpatapo - Reconciliation KnotMpuankron - Nine Tufts Of Hair

Mpuannum - Five Tufts Of HairMrammuo - Crossing PathsMusuyidee - Good FortuneNante Yie - Goodbye Nea Onnim - Quest For KnowledgeNkonsonkonson - Chain LinkNkotimsefo Mpua - Court Attendants Hair StyleNkrabea - DestinyNkuruma Kesee - Big OkraNkyimu - Crossing PathsNkyinkyin - TwistingsNnampo Pa Baanu - Two Good FriendsNokore - TruthNsaa - Hand Woven FabricNsa Ko, Na Nsa Aba - Hand Go, Hand Come Nserewa - Cowry ShellsNsoroma - StarNya Gyidie - Have FaithNyame Biribi Wo Soro - God Is With MeNyame Dua - God’s AlterNyame Nti - By God’s GraceNyame Nwu Na Mawu - God Help Me Reach ItNyame Ye Ohene - God Is KingNyansapo - Wisdom KnotObaatan Awaamu - Warm Embrace Of MotherObi Nka Bi - Bite Not Each OtherObohemmaa - DiamondOdenkyem - CrocodileOdo Nyera Fie Kwan - Love Guides You HomeOhene Adwa - King’s StoolOhene Aniwa - King’s EyesOhene Kra Konmunde - Royal Soul PendantOhene Kye - King’s CrownOhene Kyiniie - King’s UmbrellaOhene Papa - Good KingOkodee Mmowere - Eagal’s TalonOsiadan Nyame - God The BuilderOsram Ne Nsoroma - Moon And StarOtumfuo Wuo Ye Ya - The King Is GoneOwia A Repue - Rising SunOwo Foro Adobe - Snake Climbing PalmOwuo Atwedee - Ladder Of DeathPagya - Strikes FirePempamsie - Prepared For ActionSankofa - Learn From The PastSepo - Executioner’s KnifeSesa Woruban - I Transform My LifeSom Onyankopon - Worship GodSunsum - SoulTabono - OarsTamfo Bebre - Jealous EnemyTi Koro Nko Agyina - One Head Is Not A CouncilTumi Te Se Kusua - Power Is Like An EggTuo Ne Akofena - Gun And State SwordWawa Aba - Wawa Tree SeedWo Nsa Da Mu A - If Your Hands Are In The DishYebehyia Bio - We Shall Meet AgainReferences / About The Author

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The stamps are carved from apakyiwa (calabash) a dried, gourd-like fruit attached to handles made of bamboo strips. Adinkra artists often carve their own stamps; but they also commission stamps from carvers known for their expertise. Well established Adinkra

artists may have hundreds of stamps, which they often lend to less experienced artists. About one hundred stamps - some designs two hundred years old - are still in regular use today.

Adinkra clothes, worn for serious occasions and at funerals, are essential to Asante mourning rituals. Adinkra cloth reflects truths shared in life and death. The Asante wear Adinkra clothes of different colors for specific periods during funerals. The mourning process, which can take up to a year, is followed by annual ceremonies that commemorates the departed. These stamped clothes, traditionally worn in red russet, dark brown, or blue-black, express the grief of the bereaved; but such cloths are now used for many different occasions. Clothes for men are six yards long; those for women are four yards.

Clothes worn by the king and other royalty are much larger than those worn by the general public. The artists that create Adinkra cloth for royalty live and work in Awokwa, a suburb of Kumase. Royal clothes have been created here for centuries. The abanesehene,

the man responsible for the selection and care of the king’s clothing, determines the stamp or combination of stamps that are appropriate for a specific occasion. He selects the unstamped cloth as well. In the past, artists used a heavy woven fabric from northern Ghana for Adinkra cloth. Today the traditional cloth colors have been expanded to include blue, lavender, yellow, and turquoise, more likely to be worn for special occasions than for funerals.

Adinkra designs serve two purposes: they convey a message when scene on clothing and enhance the beauty of the cloth. There are hundreds of Adinkra designs, many more than are represented here. Today Adinkra cloth is not only used by the Asante alone but all peoples in Ghana. The symbols are not only used in ceremonial cloth; but are also used in architecture, sculpture, ceramics, and other artistic designs.

THE HISTORY OF ADINKRA CLOTH (Continued)

2

AsanteheneOtumfuo Osei Tutu II

Wearing “Obi Nka Bi” and “Musuyidee” Adinkra Symbols.

“Bite not each other,avoid conflicts”

Symbol of harmony,peace, forgiveness,

and unity.

Obi Nka Bi(oh-bee en-kah bee)

Musuyidee

“Good fortune or sanctity”

Symbol of good luck and

spiritual strength.

(moo-shoo-yee-deh)

Creating Nkyimu Pattern Asantehene Wearing Adinkra Cloth Stamping Dwennimmen Pattern

Owuo Atwedee Stamp

Creating Mframadan PatternOhene Wearing Adinkra Print

3

Stamps and Nsensan DuaAdinkra Print TextileMan Wearing Adinkra Cloth

Adinkra Embroidery Pattern

ADINKRA PICTURE GALLERY 1


4

Gye Nyame StampFuntummireku-Denkyemmireku StampSankofa Stamp

Dame Dame StampSunsum StampDwennimmen Stamp

Fofoo Aba StampEse Ne Tekrema StampAni Bere A Enso Gya Stamp

Musuyidee StampNkotimsefo StampHye Wo Nhye Stamp


5

Adinkra Clothes of Various Colors

Adinkra Cloth Symbol • Akan People • Ghana and the Ivory Coast • West Africa6

“Great Fortress”Symbol of the seatof political power,state authority, and prosperity.

Aban(ah-bahn)


“The all seeing eye of the

Divine Creator”Symbol of the totality

of the universe.

Abode Santann(ah-boh-deh sahn-tahn)


“Good Family”Symbol of family unity,

kinship ties, clan loyalty, and family

support.

Abusua Pa(ah-boo-shoo-ah pah)


“King of the Adinkra Symbols”

Symbol of authority, greatness, prudence,

firmness, and magnanimity.

Adinkrahene(ah-deen-krah-hay-nay)


“Peace or Serenity”Symbol of peace,

serenity, continuity, and spiritual

coolness.

Adwo(ah-dwoh)


“Agyin’s Gong”Symbol of alertness,

faithfulness, dutifulness, and

loyal service.

Agyin Dawuru(ah-jeen dah-woo-roo)


“War Horn”Symbol of a call

to collective action,military readiness,

and valor.

Akoben(ah-koh-bin)


“State Ceremonial Swords”

Symbol of Stateauthority, legitimacy,

legality, and heroic deeds.

Akofena(ah-koh-fay-nah)


“Hen’s Feet”Symbol of parental

protection and discipline tempered

with love.

Akoko Nan(ah-koh-koh nahn)


“The Heart”Symbol of love,

patience, tolerance, and

goodwill.

Akoma(ah-koh-mah)


“Joined Hearts”Symbol of agreement,

togetherness, andunity in thought

and in deed.

Akoma Ntoaso(ah-koh-mah en-toh-ah-soh)


“Welcome”Symbol of hospitality,

greeting, andreception.

Akwaaba(ah-kwah-ah-bah)


“The Spider’s Web”Symbol of wisdom,

craftiness, creativity,and the complexities

of life.

Ananse Ntontan(ah-nahn-say en-tohn-tahn)


“Red eyes can’t spark flames”

Symbol of patience, self-control, and

discipline.

Ani Bre A Enso Gya(ah-nee breh ah en-soh jah)


“If you will notpraise me”

Symbol of warningagainst ingratitudeand devaluation of

one’s name.

Anyi Me Aya A(ahn-yee may ah-yah ah)


“Sweet Berry”Symbol of sweetness,sweet taste, pleasure,

and hedonism.

Asaawa(ah-sah-ah-wah)


“The Earth has Weight”Symbol of the divinity

and providence of Mother Earth.

Asaase Ye Duro(ah-sah-ah-say yeh doo-roh)


“Good living”Makes one forget their

humble beginnings.Symbol of prosperity, wealth,

conspicuous spending,and upper social class.

Asetena Pa(ah-say-tay-nah pah)


“God the Mother”Symbol of the

nurturing spirit andfemale attributes

of the Devine Creator.

Awurade Baatanfo(ah-woo-rah-day bah-ah-tahn-foh)


“Fern” I am not afraid of you,

I am independent of you.

Symbol of defiance.

Aya(ah-yah)


“Bunch of Kola Nuts”Symbol of affluence, power, abundance,

togetherness, and unity.

Bese Saka(bay-say sah-kah)


“The rarity of awilling helper”

Symbol of patronage,cooperation, and

teamwork.

Boafo Ye Na(boh-ah-foh yeh nah)


“Board Game”Symbol of strategy,

intelligence,and craftiness.

Dame Dame(dah-may dah-may)


“Bell Drum”Symbol of adoration,

cajolery, praise,and rhythm.

Donno(Dohn-noh)


“Talking Drum”Symbol of

poetic eloquence,praise, goodwill,

and wisdom.

Donno Ntoaso(dohn-noh en-toh-ah-soh)


“Wooden Comb”Symbol of good

feminine qualities, patience, prudence,

love, and care.

Duafe(doo-ah-feh)


“Ram’s Horns”The ram may bully,not with its horns;but with its heart.

Symbol of strength and humility.

Dwennimmen(djwin-neem-mahn)


“Fence”Symbol of safety,

security, protection,and love.

Eban(eh-bahn)


“Handcuffs”Symbol of bondage,

state power, lawand order, and a reminder of theills of slavery.

Epa(eh-pah)


“Teeth and Tongue”Symbol of

interdependence, cooperation, unity,

growth, development,and improvement.

Ese Ne Tekrema(eh-seh nay teh-kreh-mah)


“Elephant’s Footprint”Symbol of leadership,

protection, power,and security.

Esono Anantam(eh-soh-noh ah-nahn-tahm)


“Butterfly”Symbol of tenderness, gentleness, fragility,

and honesty.

Fafanto(Fah-fahn-toh)


“Compound House”Symbol of safety,

security, solidarity, and brotherhood.

Fihankra(fee-haun-krah)


“Fofoo Plant Seed”Symbol of

warning against jealousy and

covetousness.

Fofoo Aba(foh-foo ah-bah)


“Two-Headed Crocodile” Sharing a common stomach.

Symbol of unity, cultural diversity,democracy, and the

oneness of the human family.

Funtummireku-Denkyemmireku(foon-toom-mee-reh-koo din-chim-mee-reh-koo)


“Hair Style of Gyawu”Symbol of the war

hero, bravery, fearlessness, and

valor.

Gyawu Atiko(jah-woo ah-tee-koh)


“Except God,I fear none”

Symbol of theomnipotence of

God.

Gye Nyame(jeh nyah-may)


“Enjoy Yourself”Symbol of the joyof living, rejoicing,

happiness, andmerriment.

Gye W’Ani(jeh wah ah-nee)


“Measuring Rod”Symbol of excellence,

perfection, refinement, and superior quality.

Hwehwemudua(scheweb-scheweb-moo-doo-ah)


Hye Wo Nhye“Unburnable”

Symbol of permanence, toughness,

imperishability, and endurance.

(shee woh en-shee)


Kokuromotie

“Thumb”Symbol of cooperation, participation, teamwork,

indispensability, andharmony.

(koh-koo-roh-moh-tee-uh)


Kramo Bone“Bad Mohammedan”

Makes it difficult for a goodone to be recognized.

Symbol of a warning againstdeception and hypocrisy.

(krah-moh boh-neh)


“Inflated Pride”Do not boast or brag.

Symbol of warning against pride

and arrogance.

Kuntunkantan(koon-toon-kahn-tahn)


“The two complementary

branches of the State”Symbol of democracy and balance of power.

Kuronti Ne Akwamu(koo-rohn-tee nay ah-kwah-moo)


Kyemfere” “Potsherds”

Symbol depictsthe belief that experience and wisdom come

with age.

(chim-fay-reh)


Mako Nyinaa”

“All Peppers”Do not ripen atthe same time.

Symbol of unequalopportunity and

uneven developement.

(mah-koh en-yee-nah-ah)


“I have heard what you have said”

Symbol of wisdom, knowledge, prudence, and thoughtfulness.

Mate Masie(mah-teh mah-see-yeh)


“I Salute You”Symbol of greeting,

recognition, andrespect.

Mekyia Wo(meh-chee-ah woh)


Mframadan“A house built to

withstand strong wind”Symbol of fortitude, security, family unity,

and spiritual protection.

(em-frahm-ah-dahn)


“Seal of Law”Symbol of authority,legality, and power

of the court.

Mmara Krado(em-mah-rah krah-doh)


“Congratulations”Symbol of praise,

reward, honor,and reception.

Mo No Yo(moh noh yoh)


“Reconciliation Knot”Symbol of

reconciliation, pacification, peace,

and harmony.

Mpatapo(em-pah-tah-poh)


Mpuankron(em-poo-ahn-krohn)

“Nine Tufts of Hair”From the Council of Elders.

Symbol of participatory democracy, warning against

dictatorial rule, and plurality of ideas.


Mpuannum(em-poo-ahn-noom)

“Five Tufts of Hair”From the King’s Attendants.

Symbol of spiritualloyalty, priestly office,

and adroitness.


“Crossing Paths”Symbol of the

realities of life;its challenges and

its balances.

Mrammuo(em-rahm-moo-oh)


“Good Fortuneor Sanctity”Symbol of

good luck andspiritual strength.

Musuyidee(moo-shoo-yee-deh)


“Goodbye”Symbol of farewell,or parting greeting,

godspeed, andsafe journey.

Nante Yie(nahn-tay yee-uh)


“One person cannot know all things”

Symbol of the quest for knowledge and

the pursuit of life-long learning.

Nea Onnim(nay-ah ohn-neem)


“Chain Link”People are linked in life and death.Symbol of unity

and brotherhood.

Nkonsonkonson(corn-song-corn-song)


“Hair style ofcourt attendants”

Symbol of service and

loyalty.

Nkotimsefo Mpua(en-koh-teem-seh-foh em-poo-ah)


“Destiny”Symbol of fate,and preordainedlot or condition

in life.

Nkrabea(en-krah-beh-ah)


“Big Okra”Symbol of

superiority,greatness, and

supremacy.

Nkuruma Kesee(en-koo-roo-mah keh-seh)


Nkyimu“Crossed Divisions”

Made on cloth before its printing.Symbol of precision

and adroitness.

(en-chee-moo)


“Twistings”Symbol of toughness

and the ability to withstand

hardship.

Nkyinkyin(en-cheen-cheen)


“Two Good Friends”Symbol of friendship,

fellowship, andcomradeship.

Nnampo Pa Baanu(en-nahm-poh pah bah-ah-noo)


“Truth”Does not hide.

Symbol of veracity,authenticity, and

validity.

Nokore(noh-koh-reh)


“A type ofhand-woven fabric”

Symbol of excellence, genuineness, and

authenticity.

Nsaa(en-sah-ah)


“Hand Go, Hand Come”Symbol of cooperativeaction and concerted

action.

Nsa Ko, Na Nsa Aba(en-sah koh, nah en-sah ah-bah)


“Cowry Shells”Symbol of wealth,

affluence, currency,power, andspirituality.

Nserewa(en-seh-reh-wah)


“Star”A child of the heavens.Symbol of patronage

and loyalty to the supreme being.

Nsoroma(en-soh-roh-mah)


“Have Faith”Symbol of faith,

assurance,and belief.

Nya Gyidie(en-yah jee-dee-uh)


“God, there is something in the heavens, let me

reach it”Symbol of faith

hope and aspirations.

Nyame Biribi Wo Soro(en-yah-may bee-ree-bee woh soh-roh)


“God’s Alter”Symbol of the

presence of Godand God’sprotection.

Nyame Dua(en-yah-may doo-ah)


Nyame Nti“By God’s Grace”

Symbol of thetrust and blessing

of God the Creator.

(en-yah-may en-tee)


Nyame Nwu Na Mawu“I live not

when God is not”Symbol of the omnipotence and omnipresence of God, and the perpetual guiding spirit of our ancestors.

(en-yah-may en-woo nah mah-woo)


Nyame Ye Ohene

“God is King”Symbol of the

majesty, supremacy,and preeminence of

God the Creator.

(en-yah-may yeh oh-hay-nay)


“Wisdom Knot”Only the wise leaders

know how to unravel it.Symbol of wisdom,

ingenuity, intelligence,and patience.

Nyansapo(en-yahn-sah-poh)


“The warm embraceof a mother”

Symbol of maternallove and

motherhood.

Obaatan Awaamu(oh-bah-ah-tahn ah-wah-ah-moo)


“Bite not each other,avoid conflicts”

Symbol of harmony,peace, forgiveness,

and unity.

Obi Nka Bi(oh-bee en-kah bee)


“Diamond”Symbol of

preciousness,gem, and treasure.

Obohemmaa(oh-bow-hem-mah-ah)


Odenkyem” “Crocodile”

Symbol of adaptability, propriety, prudence,

and practicalwisdom.

(oh-din-chim)


Odo Nyera Fie Kwan“Love never loses

its way home”Symbol of love, devotion, and faithfulness.

(oh-doh en-yeh-rah feh-kwahn)


“King’s Stool”Symbol of the State,

royal authority,and political

power.

Ohene Adwa(oh-hay-nay ah-dwah)


Ohene Aniwa“King’s Eye”

The King has lots ofeyes and nothing ishidden from him.

Symbol ofroyal vigilance.

(oh-hay-nay ah-nee-wah)


“Royal Soul Pendant”Symbol of God, ancestral spirit,royal leadership,and the people.

Ohene Kra Konmunde(oh-hay-nay krah kohn-moon-deh)


“King’s Crown”Symbol of

royal authority, state power, and

supremacy.

(oh-hay-nay chi)Ohene Kye


“King’s Umbrella”Symbol of power,protection, and

security.

Ohene Kyiniie(oh-hay-nay chee-nee-uh)


“Good King”Symbol of exemplary

leadership and a peaceful reign.

Ohene Papa(oh-hay-nay pah-pah)


Okodee Mmowere

“Eagle’s Talon”Symbol of strength,

bravery, and power.

(oh-koh-dee em-moh-way-reh)


Osiadan Nyame“God the Builder”

Symbol of Godthe Builder andCreator of the

World.

(oh-see-ah-dahn en-yah-may)


“Moon and Star”Symbol of love,

faithfulness, loyalty, harmony, benevolence,

and femininity.

Osram Ne Nsoroma (oh-srahm nay en-soh-roh-mah)


“The Most Powerfulis Gone”

Symbol carved tocommemorate the

passing away of KingOtumfuo Opoku Ware ll.

Otumfuo Wuo Ye Ya (oh-toom-foo-oh woo-oh yeh yah)


“Rising Sun”Symbol of progress,

renewal, developement,warmth, vitality,

and energy.

Owia A Repue(oh-wee-ah ah ray-poo-yeh)


Owo Foro Adobe“Snake climbing the

raffia palm”Symbol of ingenuity,

cleverness, andpersistence.

(oh-woh foh-roh ah-doh-beh)


Owuo Atwedee”

“Ladder of Death”Will be climbed by all.Symbol of mortalityand the inevitable

consequence of life.

(oh-woo-oh ah-tweh-deh)


Pagya“Strikes Fire”

To strike with flintor make fire.

Symbol of bravery, defence, gunners,

and power.

(pah-jah)


Pempamsie

“Prepared for Action”Symbol of readiness,

steadfastness, valor, and

fearlessness.

(pehm-pahm-see-yeh)


“Go back to fetch it”Symbol of the

wisdom of learning from the past to

build for the future.

Sankofa(sang-koh-fah)


“Executioner’s Knife”Symbol of justice,

the law, punisment, and immunity of the office

of justice.

Sepo(say-poh)


“I change ortransform my life”

Symbol of lifetransformation,

renewal, and rebirth.

Sesa Woruban(say-sah woh-roo-bahn)


“Worship God”Symbol of worship

and devotion toGod the Almighty.

Som Onyankopon(sohm oh-en-yahn-koh-pohn)


“Soul”Symbol of purity,

spirituality, and sanctity of the soul.

Sunsum(soon-soom)


Tabono

“Oars”Symbol of confidence,

industriousness, determination, and

persistence.

(tah-boh-noh)


Tamfo Bebre

“Jealous Enemy”The enemy will stew

in his own juice.Symbol of jealousy,envy, and insecurity.

(tahm-foh beh-breh)


“One head does notconstitute a council”Symbol of democracy.

power sharing,consultation,

and discussion.

Ti Koro Nko Agyina(tee koh-roh en-koh ah-jee-nah)


Tumi Te Se Kosua“Power is like an egg”Symbol of the fragility

of political power,democracy, and the use

of restraint.

(too-mee tay say koh-shoo-ah)


Tuo Ne Akofena“Gun and State Sword”

Symbol of power,responsibility, authority,

legitimacy, nationalsecurity, protection,

and military prowess.

(too-oh nay ah-koh-fay-nah)


Wawa Aba

“Wawa Tree Seed”Symbol of perseverance, persistence, endurance,

and hardiness.

(wah-wah ah-bah)


“If your hands arein the dish”

Symbol of participatorygovernment, democracy,

and pluralism.

Wo Nsa Da Mu A(woh en-sah da moo ah)


Yebehyia Bio“We Shall Meet Again”

Symbol of farewell or parting greetingexpressed towards

family, friends,and loved ones.

(yeh-bay-shee-ah bee-oh)

ReferencesDr. George F. Kojo Arthur and Robert Rowe

Marshall University, Huntington, WVAkan Cultural Symbols Project

http://www.cfiks.org/akanart/akanartproject.htmDr. George F. Kojo Arthur

Cloth As MetaphorLegon, Ghana

Published by CEFIKS, Inc. 2001

Duncan Clarke and Kemi ClarkeAdire African Textiles

http://www.adireafricantextiles.com/adinkraintroduction.htmPublished by Duncan Clarke 2004

Jean MacDonaldWest African Wisdom:

Adinkra Symbols & MeaningsPortland, OR

http://www.welltempered.net/adinkra/htmls/adinkra/akon.htmPublished by Well-Tempered Web Design 2001-2004

Dr. Kwaku Ofori-Ansa,Howard University, Washington, DC

Meanings of Symbols in Adinkra Cloth (Wall Chart)Hyttsville, MD

Published by Sankofa Edu-Cultural Publications 1999

Claire PolakoffInto Indigo, African Textiles and Dyeing Techniques

Garden City, NYPublished by Anchor Books 1980

Christine PriceMade in West Africa

New York, NYPublished by E. P. Dutton & Company, Inc. 1975

W. Bruce WillisThe Adinkra Dictionary

A Visual Primer on The Language of AdinkraWashington, DC

Published by The Pyramid Complex 1998http://www.amazon.com/Adinkra-dictionary-visual-primer-language/dp/0966153200/ref=pd_sim_dbs_m_22

About The AuthorAaron Mobley received his BS Degree in Art Education from Central Connecticut State University. He presently is a visual artist http://www.flickr.com/photos/avmobley who teaches Fine Arts, Computer Graphics, and African Culture at the Artists Collective, Inc., located in Hartford, Connecticut.. http://www.artistscollective.org

Adinkra Cloth Symbols Chart: http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3035/2927423965_18e4e0bb0b_o.jpg

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adinkra cloth symbols - asante wisdom

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