ADESZKARY, A I K ~ (1974) The ncm8ia Melnlrxdat A stxidy of s of artieularion w i t h sdtCTed graanexy,

Ma 177-i8iL

ion m Cho 81wr.l groupa i n South

MIANTWRISINAN, R, and R,L Kfm (1969) The d l f i ~ ~ t ion of! some d a m p r W n s Eula enme g m p sys- Ccms i n kw endogmous groups in 5 Endla, 2, w+ ,&,r ut Loll-1017,

~ Y J T W U S M M I R, and HI W ~ E R , (1972) Some notes on Usbibution of the human red cel l phenowsa . & , ar U7

D m , J C r M-Jc IRRRX5 ~d MI FIR%% (1976) Typing Of cmnm i%hi vadannts usina ilsa&sat;Fia foauoina a

(19791 Rad C ~ S iswym~ls - a n&tc ~ 1 % rare variant$ in India, SSf, &g a + 27: 605-810,

W M r A J t NIP* PARME3 a114 N+Ie uIi%rI (3.9691 Ha~b N a b h and T&'m~f@ztin i n &m G%jar?c4. qD3SLnq qtWB r 3, Wr w., 571 2087-2091.

U E W , n.0 mhnB WaC. P a E R (1965) aanuti~s and awZu- Zion i n &me, M a n sacurn pr@%ina. BLocMcilZ cflev&anmerCs and mllcKJsSal th80ry lenti sew dim-

tion sffeat on mein(4 oyntm oc a ~ 6 e t h xnaia6 SnbmB Hindu comuniky - tCl le Bha&ae of? GorM nhanota -6 && m. &g. &g M n 2.1 147-156,

r7 141N, M. K llr WALTER, SIP, $XNGria E4ARZA ~EbL'IV8a ma V. BlWWAJ, (2982) QWXaphlc an4 @anPa dla+!4?l- bution O f g s e t i o mxkem in Sntlle. 2. Znv. Go. ADA, Ak, QP, BUM, 6-BcI) and n,aD Bolyn~rphi~~r

r &L 39(3) 8 200c243r

nLWCt NaM 1 La L 0 RRmE a d * srl?NET (9969) b@hCa 8@hy&mganuas @lectrq?hocetic v~a'innl: in 3 NOW Guinea high land p q p ~ jeon, w, 163 701~702.

l)LX<Ft N1t4 RILP KT% 7na Re$, Bm1, (1970) The &Ls.Crh buzlfon of some mzym gsmq systems mong r&rdLPlla rind %jarathie i n B*nbay+ ar &&*, 29, 4091

1 4 (2981) Om emqumeen b d den f adas in SuaQnfUen &nra blunt gmarekiaatie w~~muohung. Z* l&g&l;c. 6 9 1 ~ L73-JtJOr

( aRRACfiW, A, and LL K2lCkiBXdl) 12002) PELq sub 6 OS kn G ~ l i o 2 c r $hr,wr @-An), &*&g&~~ 528 333339r

M V m G H T I R I R I I $ILL BE%& 111 f%RO%W* Me X'&TICt a, ZiWXt R ~ J I M L 9 d W t Kr$1 8ANaIE'Ue M e ISMTm, E, ,WWD and a+ TEMDAU, 13976) %ha rCaa blmd c e l c8st;ra~a.m b PpiprgMm in m e t

~~V~LL~-~FOI(ZI\I L L , I, A TO'ONTA, T. FXUZZO, L n r r d ~ 5 ~ l , LJ DF JOW, B. rnERAICFN( P*I< . ROY, L il ffibTT, s+fNz5i(:&CO, I j r R NImlQXs, C VANIIOOI~LN ond MODImO (19691 9Cudi.m on APdcan PycJmtm

h* %Ti* $.?&$&** 8 282-274,

CLtiSUS Or JNDXAIA. (l961, 1971, 1981) Government of lndla Public?klon,

CENF1US Or X r n Z A (1991, 1975) tlP~lygyn~s rnarrie.goa in Xndia - A auxveyqtr Office oC the ~egistxat? General llew DBlN

CC JTERWhLL, W ~ R I Luld 5.A. CCWERW (1960) Consanguinity and conganllhl m a k t e m in Smth 'SnBfar a p i l o t @*My. a z r w, & t 54i 1k6O-3267 ./

CWTERWLI WIR,, C(r BAVAR~NATH~SNI L Re MOWN, V 33001 S W A M an8 H ZAGHARXAH, (1969) Inbreeding pattern i n surd South Xndia. &gl 168 81-91*

CIIAONON, Y C* C* B W C W m6'. C ALLARJ) (3,983) Tsaelwkdo Loawing oP Wl mlL ghoephqlucomutase (8.c,a,7*S61) at, &a BOMg 1ouue i n a ~lceaah-CanaBian mpule%llon. m, &,&& l391 36-33,

CWCR iVhR%CI, M R. and P. GWTA (1860) Dormat0r~lypldac! . pa& XZL. &@

CW~PAVARZTII M * R and DlP, M U K H E N ~ (1964) Dmatm- glyphic aEEinL w of the hoU30~ ananil CnstBD of Nilgisd. Hills Xndia) , g, $&& - 6 , 55 I 335-356.

P

cfnm~w~b, BZH a18 D 8. mmma (1979) D;lawibu- Uon oE b l M gmuqre 2n Wle Bmg3i speaidng peg* latiom * a o r ~ ~ ~ a l ~cwl,ew. 3 r W* &&?. $41 65-.81r

CROW, SIP, and M, KWPIURA, (3p70) XnWductiOn ix pqpUlatim OBncsWa Vhcaawn, Neu yoi?rlcf Haqas 6 m*

CUIWB* WI ma c. ~ D L Q U tssfiX) R ~ i w ~ Prints, R&W@ and Sol@# Rn X n W W a r in DsmtwXgpi~~O"t Dover htbU~aMo~a,r New Xi%%,

am, 8 . R and L GliQeti. (~984) A c ~ % % u 8-y mcdtg wo Pilnfyorr - n south Xnaian &oriqinol tribe. (2300, m3 n1Wa GZOWst BWX%~OX ~ P ~ o W C ~ SCI 2 ~ t ~ &LLity) r &&* &&b e., 31 65-72

DAs, t BwN WCMCC, 6.K UPS, N M D W b E an8 R I, 1 IRK (1970) Tho distribution of sane onmo group aysteans m n p Bencgdees hnyn. w., 27: 393495.

D4S4 El R a p K I C ~ l4'+M%WElA, B*N( KWKHBWtTFE and 8 K+ DAB* (3973) asgnBtrta v&an+a of X e t e tieh~dlK,c~anaoo Sn the D h ~ m s OP M&trri\sll6rar Znd9ar z* m r , 30Tj*9LUt)(

I ~ ~ E E , ? b r ) & , 5lh1 GOB~UJS and M.P. PoLmrY (1982) ~ou+dne nhonotyphg of B h q l ~ ~ k u m i t n n o Bm by thin Laoyor

etch oirr*rt o ~ . ZJ &iforme rnr iznw~ 31 36!-168~

LiTE~d5!RUTJKI ARC., %,MI WUIWA*~ZWJRBLEIZL P A ~ R W a a P tram 1CHP.N. (3978) The Flisrsl.1mt~m (3E Bstwaos E) vnlctente i n &ePefent sWvlic w v W s * k&. @

348 asDu

LPSTEmi E and AI W m . (3984) ~ara a~oc+d.cm in wnn: Evidence, Theory and atccme m, 318 243-218.

FMX~WA, bla (W41 P ulatim OBllerUca and &mwrclphy+ m. M", r t 1ea3&3.

F ~ X W & E, Wm8fng wale fn dLffcmp1f mwdw* a5a 2 L-.z) ~ s * $ e ~

uN(ls~, AIR* (aO77) PolymorghSm o f rtsd call OkyoxaSwe 1 w l W , sgmid raPrerence to SoU~Basb A& and Oaeania. a, $@@&.a 391 90-98,

I alLmZ4 r*n (1968) The hapatcgiobin .nnykcmo &&&& t $8 I t 3

GOPDA)Z', I f 1 1 b t NSQI 8EWW45 Se SXNQl1, l3.M WAS, I! P CEIPXRRVAR~X, H# DEI$WQ( ma o rum, ( ~ 9 7 2 ) O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C suFPev in the aonulnkions nf Asname TI

uOP&AM+ KrBa (2@80) aisbrmaun of among Vlyrryaa vt WnBbsia DxaBeseb, -, MyBmabaB Lln&ia).

a m , it,& anC1 PrRq PAO (1975) stdlile an Biadzedcral ametdc mkw in soma Analoa C Z ib titmtr,

@~t$B(&aW*v%=W&*~' t

EIBJDw~, Ser* @id A R P PA'I'CRBON, (1973) ' ' N u c ~ W ~ ~ M ms0aboldsmNt ~caBmto Press, New Yo~k ant3 London

mLT, b13. (1973) 73% s t as, a t ~ ~ a ~ 2 ~ h A ~ in WcMtncr, + Lac 471'

IIIJ~TX, Mb44 md Gc PRDDA~NI (5978) mo b l w mang the Qadabaa of! Via& ~ t n a m ~ &@, 2

s a MI -re 4, %4 7

IEsrXWrlinl 01 (1970) l%'llo ssries oP plates Dwic~nad ila a test fox oakow blipchese" 39 plates @.Ui..ion Sapmr Mmn&ara @huppmoe W.

Ic&p, C kl ancl H E SUTWN. (1967) Sme new phenotypes of man ddl act8 phxphattoQe. & 2 .!& W r r 191 54-82

KAIE, B L , D 5s MUTAYJXK, M A t P I M E , V A Kt3EXXAR an4 f l N 8HEM3E (1974) Prevdenca of c r y t h r n y t : ~ g l u c w s - 6 - p h w dthfimgenase cieficionay i n a population of Pwna BisCriaCt a swve

& &&& , LI 36- pam 9

KnTC, BIL , 8oN, MUKIfWB8, X C4 MALUGTRA, M A+ PNRRKE, GIs. SAINAX and 5.5, MW&X, (L975) ma a&l

tucbes-&ph08ghaW 88)hydycgmme difiwfenoy an6 2semoglan wiantrr mong tea imbgama~s mows o~ Mahata~lh%na and WBaC 8vngBJ.e &&Q @@&$&I $41 339-343.

KATE, 9.Ce tl* a1.r (1978) C A W by R8My ,$& ,& , &982

J K ~ L , P , v m1~2wms ~d w WZCUMNW (1977) L d ~ i o n c t ~ for tm additdonat m o n 2llnlea ?t tho Y'@jl ~ O C U Q * m r r 351 ;?2%223.

I<IWr RIL (l961) 8LMd g y o ~ p inCeract3on and the wrkd distribution of Ma An0 qsne P an8 the Rh qeno r (aBe). B ~ P * g. w, , ?24-23;3

I X , R L (3968) The wxxd &isOribution of t t m homm- lacpi a WmCa end #me uns~lvaS g~&lws, Be%r?* l;?;nrafi* &a* a, Xvrlr 613-*40

XXRK, RIL~ (Jg79) Zea& e vaiantur a mmkrtrs o t agu2c3- tion rnvman% ~n r natst a -a irwjrmaa !V gw&ies & fcv0Ju~on C A s l M c Praes, Manu' Xwld *

-I R ,t, and LIY,CW W, I U B ~ ) zho a#wibutlgnn hagl icr,ia #a ~gmlfl&rtfi u m y . An south md

& &&a+ &&a & W i r c 1 1 gq-l@g* 7

hr@RT, fi (3912) Genotec ~tvdies z&rcai?ing. I n s a Jap~na8c populations 5 Xnttaauctory remark

d %%@ 171 87-113

rrrrrlw, P (1975) A note on ohmgo i n l y e at mnrt-lma of females and their sefcata on *o h i ~ t h r?W Sn India* && 181 200-202

r Ut l l I t l r V %It101 F C , MAUifYl'l?A (1960) Tnhrcwing and motrim~nid distance otnong tho Eirddle of 1'1rntltjlrn

~fithrunolw, ZQ( 4) 1 228-279

iCrJIQB, S R h RAP and ll 8 SVWICENAT~WN (1967) Conaan- guincous mamiage8 and the genetic blood &a t o LothaL genes i n ICo~riZd && &&& r 318 141-345

S A X , L Y C md S W KRCI, (1968) Red ceLZ acid phos- phatase twea on m e pOpulai4ons aP 3mtbl'aaC &&a && &&?&. wb a, l6n 45

LuCsiW and Ph01 (1989) PesaOnal ~omnunimtian

LEF~MAIJ, N sna M. culgUsn (1952) sub-diviaton of some southern &&an %mniUes according .We LnoG aence af SL&l&Cell W C s myla 1310aS gr-a

& -1 wbr @bil 3BQr353r

~ ~ X W W W D N ~ , B,B, (1964) b~paaabs @fi pwulsutign a m - &a. M bm@@Wti and OBPD defiai~a~y gweav & kplbt' me, $61 dssl

MAG@JWiJE, E and s miu~t t (1941) DLGQCI groups in Xnd9a &% :! & 397-410

IIF.JU?lnlRt P P (1980) ABO bLood gmuD gene fr@clu~ncius in the PndSan mb-continentt 3 a t a i d e t lc 11 study

IsffiECW, 0 , (3948) TJBS matl~matiquas Be X+hu&Ge naslron et Gie, Paris,

PlALHCnRA, K C. (1$74 8ocici-bioLogSaal LnvestLgaUons among ths NanBiwdlaa of MoharaehCra

-r -r [~untL'ia) 9; 63-LO&

W H ~ R A , KICE (19781 Mo~hologicttl cmpo~itdan of the p q l e of Xndlia, mBD61n !$.a&&* 71 4 5 6 3 4

r'ALrloTm~ K C (1979) Snbsesding among four Dhmgsr (ShmhW@ CaBte8 of Mahera~hwa, Intttar !)iff@- Knees MOW districts Q&& \r~tllra,.ro?, , 3 (1) r 99-28s

mIJm% K*C and llr OAD(3fL (1981) The eco5qicd bas2o of the geographiaol distcibukicn o f the M~angimk n psstoral, oaeW clu~tcr of! Mahorrjhtm, is&.u , a: 49-59.

AWL mil&, K C1 and 8d3, l I?OMNC+ (19181 9Qcla3 strati?%- catlon an8 cmte ziinltiny m g khha Nankiwa3lns oE Maharasrhkra W r && fl g& &gg& & !! m, wsorer, pp 1-a +

among fnu: an8ogamoUs nomadic qL1 sr An eacsmple of n-tnzd 8dsctiPnr ma .&$ O ~ e t r c Qmkiay.

MALzIomf X C.0 81 V U A Y I(UMAR, 13 K1LRELVm and S 13 ~ I ~ o f ~ E * (1981) Bnlma~t dematqjLypidcs in tnrhrM nhnadio mende~ian iaoLates. m-, BP (2) i 143-267,

!IRIrllOTRA, KoCw, 8 KI MWLE, K N W C , S D and S fl KOLTCr (39021 'Eobn0idc OqanfaaUon of tho nomdia cmm- n i t8 We NanCllVaUas In P K Misl~a Md Y + C I Malho ice1 Survey of: Tndia, CamCCa,

MAGtWRA, K.C., S Ba KNOMNC, and M. U W Z t (3983) Hunting awategies among bbea ncm-paatoral nomdia g X w 8 O f Pbh~WtIh t~~ r & W I t 1. I 21-89

NLRR I ~ N U I Po ?Ild WIA, DOPPER'P, (1976) R ~ p i d dotecLim7 ~ " : ~ Y o ~ l ~ @ * l @LO) on cellulose aaatite qel onti the dt8firibudj.m of DL0 miat* In Dukh pq?ula- CLon h &&tr 341 53-56.

m9RI.e P K The Nanadic Ueaukia ~ohacs. n o i r rq4an o f ~ o V e m ~ t wd the com~witkm of the band.

&&, &&& J&pur 281-&?1971)

E ~ O R R X S , e ,N, (kg731 llitman gquipi.u.me, uenatio variation and %wLutimH Jndern~UoneL wspit bmlr conwnaYl Nplw 10rk*

EIQRTON, N.&t, J,Ft CROW, and J,H MU1;LEfl (1956) An @%imaCI od W rnu+akiondl c5arnag.a in ragn fw d u b ~1 om~anklUin~otts marriagear, &a$* USR., 4at e ~ ~ e . 9 ~

MW.?L~Yr AlO. (1961) Qkuw#&b-ph~laphaw d d I ~ ~ i i # @ &didan# , haWyp&u CWWe of! nm born Blla maWier Ir l l 6ar

nru n-r-. -1- - - I

1 ~ 7 4 ) ~latudbu~m s~ hne mavr gmwa end w~ plprj,'lplewMddn*~ r l 4 adl4 DXdQH udvmr~5'*l

~ ' ~ p n " 1 1 ~ 3 F ~ * B*v* and J K B DADR, (1972) Iidilfrc~t i i l tar p r aoc tccl1niw of olood col&eatlon fat atarch qol dea- kW?hQrt&k! study Of GD14 varimts 21 ?&&&* &at 78 587-170.

H1mHCmECt B*N 2Xl SbIC Dla9 (1974) DtsCrihuCion aE a m pohorph ia o n a m grcq s y s m i n India ** (Gag* L SnncIhvi eO a2 , ) VoL 1, Orient ~-ngm-m, ranbay,

m I~IEWEE, B ~ N , B.KI DAEJ ma K,C mtiwm. (1976) Ssrm p r o a n an8 Eneyne poLymbrphlwn Sn tho Dhan as Of Makosh@a+ &&r m r mr %*r 641 H a a o - i 2 ~ ,

MW.I.IEWE&+ BaN*, 9rK1 aAS, K I C I MRZ,I*IOTRA and 84R DAS (1917) kp%lObin 3nd Aatd phosphate gma d.l.wtJTi* buttan in the Dhangars of Maharashhe, India* Jmrnal at 6 e n W e l 53 (11 I 39-49 *

** Ins @jman pop~latPon Genetias in India

MaC1ICwEEt B # N 4 K C M A L ~ ~ R k , S K DRS, P P MiWWXRt ~~~~~ RoV, 9 KATE and 0 , s . SAINANI (1979) Q ~ e a c polymorphim a n a 2 ~ 4 8 mono ndna en&qtmQua populaUon gsovgs of MahaashWa, l n d h %

~ W l ~ t k a b 88 55-566

MUKIICRJCEI BbNa, Ad. ROYCHOUDHUR~~, N M BLAKE: and 9 La KATE* (~982) ;R8d cell amyme polpoqhihmr Gene d2JFPorenb2at;ion in in~ree gqlu9aaons of Mahma~htra~ h&a && gl &&@&, , 591 367-371

MVKNWEE, DrPt (1912) som gcne%ios in Xndia, Inr XCMR tmr R@p. 8@h, 20

l ~ U I c H ~ ~ E ~ @ 1 BI&sKnR, 8. (3W4) skudics an im. breading its effacts Sn aoma enrlagiunoqa popula- t i o n ~ of Chittoor ~ S W C C of mbhra ~cadmh.

2nii. @P B d a Y .

IIIII<jllWEEt DIP* and # r L4.K- (1980) Gt1mic v.lria- o i 1 i t ~ oP p ? t t ~ intansiroy ar pa1lMr % &$&&*, &I 614-515.

IIUPJibXDllhRI Be, 41 RAMEBH and J.U. QDUn (1905) (B~mana2 Co~catPan~,

iNqTint, 5 . S e and 9 4 JIIMXL, (1972) X b w d i n q load 9& ma naw born of &&r&;lA, &&ar $&.& M a -. 2I.l 327-381*

ooro.biochm%cill genetic stuay oE Jalari '& ' Brahmin Castc4 ~Ppulafion~ona 08 Andhra Praaonh, XnaLa WI &g&, 351 14&194,

NATK, P1R (U68) tam AXR:R;~S, 3

NRRA I%@%, $4 (2981) A m&t! a W y among k h ~ YeMslas af An- PEhdeah 81maa1, &&a U n F w d i t y t Timpa03. (Xn8ddr

J u*

IwdX, 8, and AIP, WDY, (1980) P&mw dager counlp, W n g the 16XUItp1la8 O f BJ\Bht.a PraBBBh. @p &r &a%+ fa, 40, PaUala, f&* 18-2 ,

NGLLr J+V end WW.JI ~CHULLI (1968 Tho olfcct: of i n b ~ d - ing on mOmLiby and mo&idity ;yn two 3w~nesc CJUOOI &&* &&* 48% 57S382r

NI EL, JaV ~d HrJ 8 W h , (1907) Slr&l ,h~ OWLWOO the xavanta hUuria+ X I sane hypoehes2a genmdi- sakion reaulang P a mese etudios* & 2 @&*, 194 554-574,

NEE$, J+Vt and N*A+ WMDN, (Lg~i@) l ' h ~ Dqraphy 01 the kw of primitive, relaUvdp unaacuE- WFG~BB Ammiw tndima, m, &&. &&rr 588 bBOrBB9,

NLX1 M* (1978) b t h a t l o n a t average heterozygoolr;y and Bmeac di8tanancle ffxan a smdl number of LndS- VLduaLs, m., 891 58h1j90~

NEXP Me anil R DHAKRRBOWY, (1973) ~ m c i a 82ts+anw and ~ l ~ W h W & - i c ZdenUey of g r ~ e i n s betwen t w o 2, W# a 21 3a3-3%.

NEXo Me 8218 A& ROYMOUDIWRY, (1974) Sampling varimaes 0s he+S~zygo~ity and g m d c &istancar $&&&Q , 761 37A3POr

NEZ, Me and A I X ~ WXCXOLQHORY, (1974) Genetic mn?latd.wr d % h i n an8 barnen %he Wme rn (11: raom of man CtnraasOidal, N ~ # i d 8 W g ~ l dtr, &qg)r gr &Q -t;r.r 261 421-493,

3 NES, MI and k ~ A ~ E V O S (1974) Xnbt.SwuPI varie@a of!

genedc cBismas and the armtFaZ rnutakicn thwm &$&I $GIISr 72r 275EI*a760r

~ W X ~ A I S * s h b DIP* RQDER38, N,N, W26, a 8 8 aItlGll6 (1972) Red call eneyme polymo~Ilesms i n Pun &So i n N 0 . m Zndla, &ggr 2, a, -,, 3 293-300,

4

PRPXI~R, 8 8 , YI Sl3XBW and E, S U N U ~ W D (L982) P h ~ w nh l;ucomWs (POM) and G q e c i f i a eonproner~t (a$, iaa&~cr.ia ~amihg%-@psa 3mng gomas* Wma of Xrbn* &I w. $!A&+, 81 671.~5744

PLATO, CICI (39700) Pol zph2m Of the Cline palmar d m b g t y p h l ~ 8 am daaal8icaktnn of! We &line Oenninatihcasc &q&q 3;. $?,&&* -r 33g 413c419r

PLATO, C,C* (2.980) l'h$3 wr&d w i d e &P~W!&UO~OR 0f d~??lWlW- 1 N@a &r %ymr a 8& 58-23

r, XSD, 45, Baaalar

POSE* RWH. (3963) ~~uiula%bn diL!E~~:pareeg i n re8 and g m n ~oLau: visiear &i8.aimcyq Wviw md e gu cn elrlactdm # t d l ~ 4 & @ h & $ W r * r B t l31-24 ? r

RAI.2nCWRAXAN, 2.1 8rV1 BUBBALbXSMr 91 NhRA HARX, Au PULA R!lROY EM VI ORMA3 f M E . M r (19701 %ngm 8etmaCagt him ah8 a m momhologAaal ohatacbam 3 own$ the ateyus otr 9rikelarLm diatrj.@O of! Andha PraCheh. &st, 9*=*- . s ~ r ~ 90c (U,P,), Aham ab ~o mace appl oatLon Centre, iG-i8,

W E S I I D ii # J 5 MUMiY and N M B U < c (1979) 06meti~ studies on the KQLw of Andhra P ~ Q ~ S R , Zndfla. &U &f&*, 291 X57-B7-153 (1979).

m C # 1 4 A*, MI B M E , M, %%DAY KUm and J+S ~.1ClPTI% (1980) Genetic s ~ a s aa be Chenchu tr&e OE Andhra Pradssht Zndia. & , 301 2%-290

~ W N I A I M e VIJAZ ~~ an4 ,718 MURTW (1981) Znddence Of PX Taete aenaitivihy and RBdQrem tolour blindness in s m WCribaL group6 0% h&%a Prodooh & 31 35-39

RRO, PrMv, NIM* BLBXE 8118 B t VCBRRRSW (1978) Q~&k2 studies an *a samca eJld Jahpa Wibss of mdhr8 Fcefiaah, X d a , w* &&&.I 28c 12%/31

~ 0 , OIR (1852) IfABv~a~sd ataktattotdl metho& in era. ae~ria t t ~ w ~ h l ) , Wllsy, Raw Xozk.

Mo, V a (19Ba) WoUc damwraph~ DL: N J S ~ Qan& of Ellilar?ehtra, by Nara rlorl, X.902)

REP

It! ilm, K (1984) A k i b e i n kmiMont tho gugaLk 0; Fln~llsa~oma region of A ~ & J ~ ~ 3 d o d n . 3 TLrupaEl POLO^,,^ wt

PJ XL, *PI an8 V d M h MUMAR (1903) lu@q1&in kWWr G@Y ona;ymo ddirbnoy ma GoEoUr b2uldllUsS amg We KuMpSBarane af? Mva PX ~dmb and %dinil Na&, &&&&&&I 902 21 L5,

I anB RtLUb S A W * (1982) by tsoalecW1,c P o w i n m g

171 6949, 8 en c&m @P biataab Zn La.

RED^, VIR* and A, PABA m0 (3978) EfEaat o~ parental cmsanguinity on f~&cOtLffv, mo.ctalitv end morbidity

RFDDY, VUR, and B.IC&'$ mDDY (1979) CmsangUlnity effects on fe&%i.Liby an8 mor'cality among ti% R&s OE ChittOor Dilertriatl Andhra Pradash* a $ &,&&ad

J I O ) t 77-78.

RCXDr RIM. (1971) Mal'ri s &t&W% Demography PdpuLo tian aeneaics i n a?mb ~ndjan &ate, A sway O$

/

ROBBRzQ, D P ~ ' (L~65) Aesumptdon and fa& i n AnCIvxpOlp. &cal OaneU.u;Larr, g, &g&& , 99: 07-103.

ROnl RTS, Rt P* (1969) C c n a a n ~ e o u e marriages and Calcu- laticdl o f gene& ealoaa a. m. 32: 407-410,

ROBE

Vol. 18 Q19-490"

ROQERTS, R,FI land R & # S v TMWER, (1967) SWe p!SblW5 of gokaw ~Lfndnrmt A dinwaim ~ i ! EaPfO A*riuarr dah $?ma Idl8.fl and asmplslsle IZ;r &&

r. krzgt, ar 33.521

0 (1955) JXokjbaeion oP rue, it? bled g ~ m p a mi oecrction anon gho t ~ " i ) > ~ n oc C C ~ ~ L ~ I

-ma tlolortbm ~ravmmm, & & w, 35s b 7 - ~ 5

i iOlQ~Cj ( l r ) i~RY, A,! a (1974) oeno a f f m M i ? U o n moncJ 0ao-h and 11 a t i c populutima o f Zndil a m. 248 tEaZ,

B01!C~~UDIfllRY, A & (1979) The d-isbpibutinn of qonc Cm- t;[uonaief3 of p W t e i W and eneynas i n Sndla* 2 ~ . a* &&* &&*, 381 9-48.

I POYCIIQUDHURY, n,N, (1976) Xnci&nce of inhre&nrj in d l f fo ran t states of Snclia, &&st 58 i/ 10El*I1JZ)*

uliiII;, il V a d 11 P. DAIIRUR (1975) '$stboa u1ci c?,eoa Qf central provinceo o t TnrlZ~l~, Vol [I R?j?dhu~l. D M CamCt Ppr 160-191

?AIM, IS Ond R.L, KIRY 11973) n &lo Cechigua Toe. col1ocCino &Lwd fox pcpuntdvn atutlloa IYlp, && , 23% 184488

5 ' t l r , R L, KXNCt Sx"UEt9 BLlhJUMr\G, f3 11" JOSIrZ L M ~ urll 131"12i&11 (197B) F O ~ U I E ~ L ~ ~ ggrmctic atuc?.%s i n Kcr'aa and +&a NiLgiSfls (Bout:I~ Weat Jnillol. r 261 L7t7bL97,

m En, s Y. an8 A, Uf &NU, (I-984) ConsjlpinJty mong ng~o XmJoa QP Tand1 Narlu. &&&& , 1. $8 133-148,

u A L T ~ O I F M and N, FREXRE-MRSA (1970) *Problona h-t Ihurwn Bio1agy - A atuEly of? Urublim ~ ~ l s t l m ~ " D @ ~ ~ ~ Wayne S C a b Univ Pxaoe.

'3AL7m08 =** %M GI 3ACgUEE1. (L979) Qen&ic do- Qraphy of the Cmtl:al Pano on8 ~wsmirnsi %n&tmo Of sra~il Ejlao. g&& , $18 551-564,

~ f n L m O + BeM*, RIA* M A R W L O l N PREIRCWIA and I.I KRrEX+sR 1L962) GeneUa toad in Brazillon X ~ l L C a n Q &?a,* -I la1 a l z - ~ I Q ,

&%i'AIO+ B M + J V NECL ~ h d l3, MAYBURY-LFWIS (l967) "FurCher studies on xavon- XZnians. I Domra- phfc data on 'an aEldiCional Pillogea genetdc a w c r

0% $he Wbec &s $r m, m a r 196 56%

WGPm, LeDt (29661 Znbroodiny in India. &g 4 33s 292*301.

.%b'Gkm, L,n, mdi v R XKANQ&RR (1950) DQ% elating ko sewn g t n e b i d chmacteriskJ.m i n s i x endcga- IWJUS groUpfi 3n BWhay & a*, 15 1 32-76

W m W - B W m R W X , &is*, A GA'ITANEO an& Pr MCtRPI K W . (5912) R m phenatypas oP +21e P O 5 jnd BCMa loci a nw PW wdanC &ZeLe in the IW.i%ar

&%n, & w+ &wp 24' 850.

EIC NoJ* on6 TrV RLffi. (~62) Tho oEfooC of lnirr~od- ing On mortality in ~ d p m 9 u r 118 292-302

S( IUbL, W.J. ad J V bTE& ((1SdG) m e furkher &doEVd- t iona on the ~ E P e c t a of Lnbre&n(g un mo~S;IUty i n KUt.at Japan &, a. ma., ZGt 1114r192r

SCMU%, W 3 r H NAQmO! M Y~ulMOzlOI ~ f l d 5 KhliZlSU (1970) The ~Pfscts of: parental conoanguinicy md. Lnbweding in EUtaBa, Jap.nr 3" Ekill birt11$ snB p~14,mpMuctiva rno&XiCy. &I* 2 & m a r 221 239-262

.-. . Cmpratiw eCMy o f nomd an8 p a t i e n t eeri66 mmg females. &&&&&&&+ ll(1) I 57-63.

STblMlr 8r t KONI SRRCCN and RIW QOEDDG (2974) Xnvcsti- 9atim of aomc biochanical gslctio marl lum i n Four cndW~mnt6 grape $m Punjob (11.d I~idAa), w- &Q&&c 2x1 381-3481

SXISCAWOr hi8, ICr BERNJNJ+ GI PTLIPP3, n, WILL, Po MEERA KIM, 9r BXCIEUX Mi lQIYrnZX:l, (14166) BoguTaki~n genaf%tm oP hmogidsin vadmt;r; L h j l a s o d n and Q 6 4 D DefPcZmcy wS& particuPar mfcralcc kn Lllc ms5arfa h!@oth@ie# ,@t Wr 341 379,

SMXTN, O,A B, (1967) Note on the conssn$dneous m r r i a p s mdl gensidc Lo& due to 25ebhal gmaa i n Rora&a. m b &Qn -8 $18 1464147

' WIm* Qd (19751 TnBSjn pas tora~. caa,,ua md l i v e oLocR ~ c o h i e n t A cjoogcaphic mapi., in8 ~astoxtLiota and Nmx% in O r n t h Aala (ma c L ~hni.1, L 3 and Q Sqnbheimoc), 0,to N~rrc7aoovd.t~, Wcdhilbcn RoideZhm,

antCCR( N,, Il A* HOPXXElSON and I3 t W X S (1964) Phos- hoglucamuCese polyntoc~him in mau m, 2048

$24-745

SPLNCER, N,, DeAr IOPllNGW and W lWN43br (296%) Adeno- afne d e w n a e ~olymor~hlsrn in mm. m. , 321 9-14.

S P I a E R , 3 15, (2962) Pnpa~La.cilJ. ~tudrLcu on qaane;ltat;tvo htwlan enekics, En: The uso of vital, and Wealth 4 S t a W 08 ~ O C ~~enet9c an(i r a c i i d ~ ~ n bbtuillos, W i1 Q,

1 (1977) A st~dy. oE palmar dernat~ lyj$d.ca among the Yanadis h mil amUn3 NcXLoro ? 1LB )

TLrupnW (Xndia) .

SmOfl, 3 0, and R UURGPE6 (1978) Goraidc o%-idmoc f o r fW W m m a12elos ad the Rhoephoglucomu~~~~l locus (Po%) demoted by isoaloetri~ focusing

351 97-L03*

SWl2DLLQ1D, ALC (1$73) The Genetic stcucbuca oE tdltorwal pcpulaUon8 A ahay of macrruge 3.ad :o~t9Jfcy i n ola Donr ficLrl, 14aeaaohs~t:W. %g t ti^. 7 lknher~tl Urd.vo~*it~, f b s ~ ) 1c IUSLI~UO

TAI F+'&%E, N,, J,V* N~EL, CI $%@QEI, J, ~ ~ 9 t i t & < S and Elr taiZJUNAR2 (J982) A AhyLogony for LJlG prindpd allele# of the h ' m p h o ~ p S 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 1 u ~ a f i ~ c Z l o w *

&& a, &,, U 3.R , 79e Gb3hbG44.

TANAN, R.$, (ues) G ~ U C wiataan and ~ V O L U ~ ~ o~ O&mqlL$.a @toaa;4aani and CozbcaLa mh!@maeS

o f gcim@ aVihiiW~tmn S. &&r 37t 257r

TILTJJS, D,, J L, VAN nm n w m , v i am41.nm and A c MOWAN?. (9970) The world 8fswibueion of alcctro- pharekto Vorimt;o of rad a d 9 Adla~rl7to idnaao && $&&&at 208 537-522.

TXPLER) IPIDI, D S, DUNN on8 TI JlsrKzNs (3,982) B h 0 ~ ~ h o - gluaamutase CimG Eoms polpoq~ktrrm sa mvealed by 180-elwMc focusing i n Soutl~ A f r i c a &Q

3ar 80-93.

UNDBKCAt 8 B e t V. BA'LMRZMAN, RILI KZRKr NIM B W E , N. B M and 8.M" MaDEmDt (1975) A PObulntlm

Vi rt*mJ@ P,, 3 8 PAPSNA md D r RODPRTSI (19Ell) A QansCLc! ~ C u d y of Xonaa XWU putbe of Coaj(x12 AnL?Ix a Pndaah, South Xndi? P e , Owl Wl && & kb. , Puns, Rev.

VCRaJCS, H, and J SlYXN (1981) ZsoaZectFic fomsing Of human p h o s p h ~ g L u c ~ ~ n u ~ ~ ~ ! Baba on the dloUI%bw Uon of variant phmokypes i n %reo population s m l e s from south vat Pranaa, !;IbJL(rl., 33.8 156-160,

V I ~ A ~ F I L W , S,P, U B I 7 ) ~nthmpomatrd~ study, 5nr VaagarivalacA aollwCion 02 papma on hlmilco-ilva psoglsg Of! %'dl N a b (Ma 3rP. V4 ayakilakan) 4 Maatas ChtisEian COLleg%, Sciean+&f o repor& 27*

VY&Sr G r N r c HIM, Bt%PXA, B ilr bZIKu&&~r Qe BiWCCl%Rqt% an4 Ltn, SANGfWX, /3962) Study of bLoM gmupe* &no& hawglab5ns end oaw g@n@tical ahacac- cam in ams w&ee of! W3a~at1 W+ E&l*

r 20 (3) t 255-265*

WTm, 13, SPRODTWN, 11, IIZUTWG, I P 5lXOfi, M Dmsm and P, V C ~ R A J U , (1900) Trw~lgfOr~in subtminga in varimo pupuLaflono groupo r W gp Q& , Patiola, Incifa (in P~M-

twSR, KI and M OGBORN (1975) PN\?eln end so6Aum d c & e c y l s ~ f d & Mo3wu3 e1: wdr~h* dr CmfnzCrlQn on

~lcrylandao aXa an4 re1aCed p ~ w d u - e a Xnl (A, M I Mcnrrtitk nnd n.L, Sill), N w c RCBEIS, Vclr 1 (QPS IE~~cSW).

m1839, X.M. and P E, BMOWSEt. (1976) F1*, dWWS%Qh20 a tab l l+q o$ amPitl human pogulatAona, d* &Q

&QLr 5% 594

VOLLLY, V I P,S OlLL and BI, smnrmilR (1985) Dl ood qxnups IhpwgLob1ns mil rnd call laoer~sgnes of the JTL ~~ii(b of ~uaktenil ~ U R W ~ C ~ ~ 41~lj%, ~ n t i i ~ r m,( 331 4 4 - 4 ,

WRXGbEX, C ki. (k971) 'Uew 'fechnihuas i n antnodoid pwctfie and omte9n aneilyshil (crls, A k e i d ~ m ~ w c x ald O. Ba%ari) &&. &&&4 Bdeaco Pullliottr p 2%.

YUNQ, 8: K 4 $ ~ W I XIEE, WIK+ aiCQ and 6UzY PAW. h966) On Cha flft#yum&es a2 colour blinhass in i8IW gopu3er;lOIlfi , )lo, 5.

EpPETlDZX - 5

WXt Qr SCPlC KIN TEmS USm BY ~ntomvns OF BIB PnEP,*IT

STUDY (COGLECTBIJ BY T IE R R E O W f AUWIOK

DUPING 2lB F I E 9 iflRi<)

A N T ~ R ~ P ~ ~ ~ C MC~SURGMLXTJ~S (In h a ) AS~QYG NML4WS

(09M J. alp) OO FYhLlSCESm RIGION OF ACgDIIRA

PRAX)Ei%l (WIACIL~NDRRSAFI &J a,, 19dl)

bIoi&t vertex 160 96 t 0.78 Uorly weight 47 50 Q 0 81 Blacromral Bred+& 36 76 p 0.35 Total am Lengbh 73 52 & 0 413 Chest gi&i (noma5) 39b48 f 0 47 Chest girth (WpiraMon) 83*12 & 0 ~ 4 6

%an 169 $2 & I 06 a W n g M g h t Vertex /8,65 & o 39 Baad lenga 18,43 $ 0104 Head braadM 14147 & 0 91

Ncleal height; 4 91 A 0.04 4.M & Or09

Neacnl bteadtrh 3.73 & 0 ~ 0 4 3r36 & 0.03

HlaE 16mM B,Bb ;t. 0665 5,28 f: 0.07

E N bblil)~bla 3+Q7 0.09 2r90 4 0409

AW3 I4EAEt VALUES OF FERTXXtTX CCXPWBJTS &S3 O ? T W T Z PSii iW-41 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zfcr, OE Pregnandaa So, ef k m Elrebe. 3 0 ?E -Y1ng CP;ilcren To% &fa--= - - ---- -

m wzz WFi ' ICLZ IR X7F ' gr iP3F - ---- IIOg xwi 33% E i I W S I W EIW I I W EXIT X I W E X I T E 7 i Z I W a ;I =I, 61

_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

SYSTEMS SIlOWZNQ NO PIiCNGTaZC VAWI\TTON M4ONO TNC

NARIKORAVRS OF sDU?IH*EAFLCCRM ILVDXA

RESEARCH PAPER" Or '2I.IC AU'l?IIOR

3880 A A20 and Rh(D) Blood gmugs and 1U)H Secre- don anon# Sengun& MudaLia~ o f ChLktoor dLtsUlfot,

1983 %ema(Jlabin types, ~ P D enzyme d e f i e i u r w and CoLour b2inrbess among KCurivikkwaDQ of Waka Pradeah and T d J . Nadu &$Q&&&$ XXJ: 2

1983 C-Line VarinUm in three andogmaus group:, Q f Andhra Pradesh (south Tndia) &Q, Eh~siol* EcOA 1 8 (4) 1 275-218

1984 ABO blood groups i n rdation to BrocNal Asthma and Pulmonary Tubcmv1osis &@&Q &&& & t l.98 125-130

1985 A GePset&c study of the Kam an8 Kapu Caste grougs of Andhm Psacbsh* 3 &)$&&QQ

1 20t 59-65

9 pram Xnv~st i ation dnW the SaraloqAcaL and B50- ! ah&ca polymorphism of %;he Telagas o f Andhm Pradesh &&

-do- PahaX: &line variation i n Tad1 a d T&uw wasv@r uorm\u&bisa of Andhca Prudesh ! 7 i a a & & - m & = i&3m?da*

,do- BloOd group skudie# among !she Davangaa 02 Andhrcn Dr~daah, mr &?g&

lpt35 $wi& Btmcbre, of Chtp Warikoramr A hunting and nrxnadic krihibs o t 8(~1th-%as%exn h?la (Cc~daaka:ed)

1980 A1A2B0 and Rh(D) Blwd groups and AUH(O) SW~eLion among khe SenpynB MudaUars (Kaikalar) -A %mi1 Weaver cornunity of Chittoor d i o t r i a l (~nahra Pradesh) V I X hfi &Q$ a 80 &&t ,Q& t Rad Sankar Unfvorsity, Ranch D e * 26-28,

-9 1988 Dlwa group Elway m g the nevangas - A

"lugu weaver ccummunl+q of Chibtoor and Nellore 8lElWicte of An&ra Pradeah, V I T Ann

, wnr Ravi ~ t m k a 3 h i K "

1980 Palmar C-line variaeton among Ts1ugu ma Tamil Weaver c o m i t i e s of Chittoor and Nallore dls.tri&e of ~ndhra ~radtsoh VXX

&-&*#a ma, && smkar univers F* ky

Ranc , Ra 26-28,

3.980 finger D m a t q l him among Bengund Mud&iars (KeAkalar) A z\& m@&incr weaver comnWC~

1980 PigLbcd &m~WylygMce among 'the Devangas v A Talugu lepeaMng weaver oommuntcy oi! CNttoor and EI13310~"$ &akrliots of Qndhra Pradwh xa.!&?&P , &$+ &&i, &( A a v i aaalrar W versi%y+ Ranchkt Dee, 2&28

1981 sltutiy' 04 gn3Up8, Wit# end Pmographic~ mLabltas i n relabion t;6 Canam Y,LW!U W r

a@? &-$& m* y D@a$%mmt of PaeBiatrka c rJ4 Mt9Blcal College, Puna, 1981r

1981 Mo~~eh~-Qene+~c skudied arrs~ng the ~iswi3 Drlhmins (Gola mi& caste) of eudc2?,= ~h ai. i tr ict or

1983 blood gzoups in .nraZaWon t o Bgoncl%i& Asthma and hzlmanary T u b e c ~ o s l s , m t i o n a a-

Calcuttz

5983 An+;hr metric study among the Oamgasaty K m a e 7' OE Bra caam d i s t r i c t (Anclhra P r ~ t b ~ h ) 3 && r , nrc 7*9,

1984 An.tlqWb;tc ~Cudy in t w o ondogvnous B r M n groups of BdsC Qodav3d d ls f r ic t , Ardhrd P ~ ~ l d e S h , Dcipartmant. af Anth e i w ~ d d y i l ~ ~ r

-- dented Qashwak

1986 Phvicdl Ankh~opoLogicaL studltes among the nanndfc populations o~ Insist ~ra3,lems and peI8poot.ivea to be ~ ~ r e a e l ~ t c d ~i.k. UGC Serd.!?a.~ @ Atlthmolow in bdj.3; prob1cms of P e a - V @ C ~ Q Q S , U Q p ~ t l W ~ t of ~nkhiqpologg, P U ~ A & ~ UnSvejrsity, Chandigarh, 6 ~ 9 t h March, 1986

1986 The role of womn fn the economy of a nomadflia trkbea NarLkocava of! s o u t k e ? s t e m i n a a Po

J Ilrllarl A llhrop Soc 15 215 2111 (1980)

AIAzBO and RII(D) Blood Groups and ABH Secretion among the Sengund IMudal~a~ of Ch~ttoor D~str~ct, Andlua Pradesh V S DlUP KUMAR AND T RAMCIIANDRAI~II Deportnrcnf of Phyncal A~~fli~opology S V Urr~versriy Tlrr~pafr

Ab tr t A genatlcal survey of 232 ind vld al bolonglng to lhe Tam 1 speaking weave populatian In Chittoor d trio1 sugge I a r la! vely h~gh in ~der co of the B bl od gr up and B gene andRh(d) c rnpaled to other nalyhbourlng Tarnll and leluqu speaking P pulal on8 They ar re1 11 ely closer to Telugu spoakng weaver population lhan others ln this respect

IntrMLuction The esltnutes of blood group frcquonctcs avu~lublc ror non tr~bnl Tamtl spciking popul ltlon (Rangfln.tthan et '11 1948 Kheruniiin & N~oguy 1960 IIsuen et '11 1963 and Prasad & Ah 1966) and that reported fiom endo g?mous clste and Mual~m populations of Anclhrl Pradesh (Mukcrjee 1972 1973 1974 Reddy 1974 Goud 1977 Reddy et '11 1978 Naidu et a1 1978 Ramchlndrlal~ and 'Ind Reddy 1971 Sethur )man 1979 and Ramesh c t 31 1980) appear to show dt~etgence from the t~cnds observed 'Imong the tr~bal popul?tions of Tamll Nadu (Lehmann md Cutbush 1952 BUchi 1955 Kirk et a1 1262 Ghosh et al 1977) and Andhra Prndesh (Simmons et 11 1953 Rnmchandnah 1967 and others) In this pRper the. results of sero logical survey of a Tamil apeak~ng endogamous population eallcd the Sengund Mudal~ar are dtscussed in that context

The Sengund Mudsliar is also called tho Kztkalar which along wlth five other populations-the Serlngar Jendravar S?l~gar Sedan and Selupnn Dons stltute the weavers caste of Tam11 Nadu The present lnvestipntton IS con fined however to the Sengund population of tlle Chtttoor dlstrlct Andhra Prndesh

Materials and Method8 Blood and Sallva samples were collected from 232 unrelated individuals of Sengnnd Mudallat population in the Kothapet Satruvnda Yekambara Kuppam and YogulamallavarAm villages of Chrttoor district The AI Aa BO blood groups R h (D) blood types and ABH secretton were dcterm~nd by follow~ng standard techn~ques using anti D sera froin Cnmech laboratory Madras anti B sera frpm Asswiated laboratorlss Bombay end ant1 h~ sera

1 from Hafhne Institute Bbmbay

21( y $ 1311 I &U\IAII AN!) I W I \ U I I I \ I ) H A l 4 l l

It~51lllv

qllc lllootl goup U w w r r nltlrc I~L(IIILIIIIY 111111 111~ d l 1 1 ~ l I l ) 0 111 tllc snml lL ( T ~ ~ ~ I C 11 ti114 I~IL c l t l n ~ ~ t ~ d 11 IIIILIIL) 01 IJIL I IIL 13 ~UIII~ OU[ t~ IIC t h ~ jllbllcst ilnlonh I ~ L h ~ t l ~ ~ r l o $rutllcrl 1111111 1lld ~ C ~ I I I ~ 5 p ~ tklllh ~I~)PU

lulu11q TIIQ At ph~naty fu upp111r1 10 1% f l ~ & l ~ l l y ilhlrc I r r r l~ lc l l l Llliln Al

A good q r t ~ n ~ c n t b~1ucc11 ohrcrvcd IIII~ C\I)ILIL~I I ~ L ~IILIILILI 11111 I ~ C VII~IIC

n / ~ I 111 la i l ~ i l l c ~ t e ney dep lrlurb lr )In tile I\ UIII~ hen ( I ) ~ L ~ I L ~i1u111 brl[~fi l A, UO gcnca 7t1c 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 ~ ) l r ld I r 1111cr 1111 11 I ~ I C I ~ L ~ I C C of ~h (I)) n~b l l l vc blood Sroup ullrl (LIIC J 111 L Irllprrlrc 11 i r lllc h ~ n r r 11 lrclld

Ind~k~n pu~lu l~ l l~onr 1111dlt l a r l i I ~I I l lkc l ) 11111I 1111 r t l l I lllhll l i ~ l r i ~ % ~ l y of l~~brccdlng in tlle p ~ p ~ l i l l l o n

TaWo t j11o frproml gc b l r q $ 1 r I4 (tl0 Kt LlJ)tl 1 5 P I 1 r t r l [ucrar ur iaa rlre A kru I 11 11 4 ---- - - - - ---

A A UD Wnud group (n 231)

I hcnutyy~ I qucnry r l r l i A A U 0 A d A D I I 1 4 7 4 jOL OW37A 2 9 115 l u l b itu I I)J I O l r l b 0 1 1 (7t (1161 (6) (4)

HII (0) blOOd sown (u-ZU)

PhenQlyp frequr c y (J ~ c l c i 1 I<h t Rh- t) * 93 51 4 11 Ollie 0 1 1

Shrslor kclor 11) 11 (14)

(n-ua) mclnotyp, lrcquancy b n , l r p c r y

Sac o lwr Non )*E~ULWI rce %a 18 02 21 98 OL.31 0419 (180 ($1) -

A A 80 blaod group, D- OW r-0038 01 -0.191 x -OW7

Figures iri parsnWu Ihdlcate WMIUIO w m b m

Over tllrcc rourlbs of the subjoctx s l u J r ~ I turn out to h rnrctocr and the gbno frfguency la wrll wi thb 1110 ran@ o ~ c d for otlicr IaJlnn popu laoons

t)

Tho Seng'Jnd Mudsliar UppW to have lha hjlbDgt itmqucuwy af B 8Qnb and the lowasl frqutocy o f A DO wmang tbc b~k~bsrlo @udl~$ TIIIIUI aad Telbgu Waking WpulaU~~h Thc popalawus wbsh clonrcs olnrrnt to ihc ~ ~ ~ ~ M w J & - ~ tb go^ h q w y nrvo T ~ I ~ W rp~awg papulauansi tho !+fak @fukhdco 1P%, K u w !373] m d tba PatlaPell

AlhlUO R~I(u) DLOOD GROUPS AND An13 sUCRTlTlON 211

(Seshu 1980) of Tartpat1 Tlic V~tsy?s of H y d e r ~ b ~ d ( P ~ d m n & Murthy 1974) may represent I sttll lower proportion of A gene but n slightly smdlc r freqtleney of gene B ilso 'llong wtth 7 few others

The Scngund Mud?lnrs chow a moder?teIy h tg l~ frequency of gene d whnh s~gn~ficantly dtRers fiom ather publtsl~cd d ~ t z frotn Andhra Prldesll a n d T lmt l Nadu w ~ t l l the cxce-pt~on of two s.imples from Madrqs ( R n n g i n d t h ~ n et al 1948 Strsat 1965)

The frequency of secretor phenotype In the Sengund Mudnltw 1s the i l r gest i m a n g the populattans so far studted from Andhr? P rndcsh(N~idu e t al 1948 Nara l I z r l & Kumar 1980)

Ack I ledso n if The ?uthors 11 ank Pr f D P M kll j c I the Depnrtmont of Anthropology C lcutta Un crs ty f r go ng tl rough the paper an 1 we hrnicIul t Sri S M T Ponnuswamy Mudalllr Ule Pal chnyat Prcsldcnt of Ynkatnbin Kuppln Tor I Is oaop ra tion durlng the field w rk

The work was pa tly cuppo led by a Junlor Re$carcl~ rcllowship nwaldcd try the CSIR New Delhl to S V S Deep Kumar

Refcrenceq

Ductit E C 1955 Blood eorct on and tlsteam ng Ihc P llnr fl Sol th Indian Conlmunlty A 11 ropo/on 1 2(2) 1 I I

Otios!~ A R 1 KIRK S Josrtt u s I I1 DIIATIA 1977 Apop llflllon genetic sludy of tho kola In Lhe N iglr H Ils Soulh Ind N n H cd 27 225 241

GoUn J D 1977 Populall n gcl 1 s olRve tldognmous frlb I groups o l Andhrn Pradssh PI! D Tlcsl Osn inia Unl er Ly Uyde nbnd

Ilsuo~ J E Tkto~hs o d G JESUDIAN 1963 ADO blood groups and Loprosy lrgro y Re 34 141 7

KIIPRUMIAN R and NIOOUY 1960 Not cur I C S ~ ~ O U ~ C S sanguins M O dcsBrnhmancs la Pond~chory 11~11 S A!llrop Pnrtc R 11 1 241 4

Kaa R L L Y C LA1 @ H V03 R L WICKREMASINCIHO 8lld D I n PIKB~U 19C2 rhe blood end serunt groups oIse1echd populntlans in South Indla and Ceylon Am J PII) A~tfhrop 20 485 497

Kumn P V S B 1973 A population genetlostudy o blood groups hBO nnd Rh(D) In ti rw endogomoos stsups of T upati M S 11 se iflfio I S V UniversiLy Tirupnt

LCHMANN H andM CUIRUSH 1952 ' 9ubdIvl 10" ol some south~rn Indlan cornmunitles accord na to thc n id nee of sickle coll im t and blood groups T R!N ROY 80 Trap M d 46 380 383

MUKI~~RJEE D P 1972 1973 & 1W4 In A I a/ R p r f of 0 ell SlilJIe I Relnilon fo re riliry (la1 2nd & 3rd repotts) ICMR (mlmlogr pll d )

N ~ i n u 3 M P VCERRAJU and D P MUK~IPRIW 1178 ADO blo d groups and ABt3 rallva ~ecrctlon in Redd~s and Kammas ofsoulhorn Andhra Prndesh Am J Phys Anf4ro.n 48 533 534

N ~ R A HAKI S Bnd Y S Deer KUMAR 1980 Genet10 studies among th Qollfls and Mad~gag of Chittapr distn t Andhrq Btadcsh Proc Yllh Aft Conf ISHG Hyderabed Fob 8 10

PADMA T and 3 S MURTHY 1974 Dklribution of A 0 0 und othcr gene kcqwnclo in twin cltlsr of Hydernbad andSecUndclabad Ind I Mcd Re8 62 64s 7%

~ ~ ~ ( ~ l h v N hi AII i J c r \[lo i l 1 m I II I I C I I ~ , ~ I J I c p r D y 14 118 1U.l

[{hhl~(l lANIIKAlhl l ? 1J17 h 11 1 6 l1? l u 1 AI 1111 1 1 r,%l $11 PhR 11 JII UII \ rrlly r I ) 11 1 1,elll

1 I u I & A t I I I 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 hr 11 ) 111 18 IIIC 0 I I ~ ~ d l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d c l t J / r ~ / r r t t l r ~ ~ I J d l H3

l t tblr n A N hi l l l n r i hl VII~YALII M 1 I 1 f hl t l \ I IYO ( CIICIIL iilldjcl On

ila Clltn h I Irhk t4lArldll I I t& lctll i l 1 a 11 I 1 I IU t1 18 RAN ANArflAN K !I C 5 I\A l f l l l . 4 1 h K l f N K k I I h 8 1 K

1148 SI~IIIC$ 11 I110 1111 II fi I KI Kr OIto I 5 1111 111 I I h l nfr l 11 1625

~ ~ r o y l o ~ t r A 1971 All0 Ill !I pr II be I C l 1 I b Ill I l r m cn I $ 1 nu pootilatlon I( Andbrd kr d i wul I I r c l r e e 10 l l c \ a I In \I r /~JI< IOII,~ s v UII ~SIIY TI^ tptrt

R t m r v R k t UqrSI5Nl AUAU I A I4m H G; k I l ~ u r ILIA I I78 TIIC blood annlps u, 1110 l l u l i~ t r r l Is1 PIIt and olhcr 01 IulUflI m I I \ti l t ~ r r I I tic 11 Siulh lndlu Cullrg11 nl A1111 p 1 ilcr nt 2(Y I I

FLSIIU I~VI KANAKA L I l )MJ I1 E cI~IxI* b 1 11) I t l t ~ AIIO UII I lI11(0) tIiLornp~iIa bllt~y on fb r~~ lay Ilnluni( Ill8 I dlluklli UI I h I10 r It Irk1 I I 8 IIUII I v Unlv~rn~ty 1 rupv!

SUIIIUI~~~IAN M 111) AUCMLIL RIII I) 111 81% 1 y t l I I Mroui s of rllrul1111 ph D l h 81s 5 V U l l ~ v c n i ~ y i ln~pcle

?lMMONS R r J J URAVIMI'I N hl $ t ~ F t l ill 1 ( 1 b I 1) l t h h 1'431 A gCnCllc~l nutvcy In Lhancllu boudi lndrr irl hi IASIO 4 d r r c ~ II i l r / J 4u I ul lr 1 497 SO1

SINSAT SATYAVATI M 11% Mh1 L\E1ni$%l14 ll In i. NK gCtKll d l Llllrrl l C l $ 111 $ 1 ~ LII~C.

gnnlour urouns lo indlu Ann Ilt rtr Ltrwc I I @ i34

J 1 Ant1 op Soc 20 59 65 (1985)

A Genat~c Study of the Kamma and Kapu Caste Groups of Andhra Pradesh

D oarlrn I iGen I s P G In rfut f R s c M d c I S n r om nr Mad ec 60004?

Ab tra t A total o f 414 bl ad and salvo rnpl f am Kamma (204) ond K p (210) I d duols of Ch ttaa dlstr t 01 A dhr Prndosh we I stod lor A A DO and A h (D) bloodq UP ABH c e l o I s 1 a Hp Tf s d Album1 s m p

to sand G 6 PD ed cell e nlrne do1 c ency The p q Gd ond tlp 0 e tot r l to be h ghe rnong Kspu than Karnm s wh I I s PVR 58 I else of d s The CD vnrlants ale I u \d o l y I Yammas Much deval on has n t been ot cad betwee 11 o popul tin 5 studled

Tlie prosent lnvestiqatlon reports the dlstr11)utlon of some Sero log~c~ l and B ~ o c h e m ~ c i l Polymorphrc genetlc ch3ractors l ~ k e A A,BO Ah(O) ABIi Secret~on in a l~vd Glucose 6 Phosphate dchydrogenase red cell enzyme d e i ~ c ~ s n c v Haptoglob~n Transferrln and Album~n typos among the Kamma and Kopu ~ndiv~duals of Ch~ttoor d~st r~ct of Andhra Pradesh

Both the sst groups are predominant end d~str~hutad to all pirts of the State Karnma IS otherw~se known as Na~du and Choudhary w h ~ l e Kopu as Reddy and they use tlie sime as suffix to the names lnd~ca l~ng t h e ~ r caste ~ d s n t ~ t y Gampasat~ Kamma and Godachatu Karnma are the two maln endogamous qroups rn Kammos The Pokanat~ Kapu Pakanat~ Kapu Panta Kapu Akutota Kapu and Desuru Kapu etc are the rnaln endogamous d~vlslons among the Kapus tlowever the present study confined to Ga~npasatl Kamma and Pokanat~ Kapu who are numer~cally dorn~nant in the area under study

Materials and Methods

Blopd and $ a h a samples from 414 unrelated ~nd~viduals of Katnma (204) alld Kapu (210) In Ch~ttoor dlstrtct of Andhra Pradosh were collected for tho present study Standard techn~ques and procedures were followed In the c o l l e ~ t ~ o n of blood and sal~va and in tho analys~s of blood grouplng secretor status and serum proterns (Race and Sanger 1968

tlaafP'Jkl BJqPUV $0 sued bU'JJBJJlp p (LEGL le " ""PPOU OBG1 erar@flRN 6lBl uswejnqles 8 ~ 6 ~ l a t e nplUN pL@L Al l lmW 1Jilw UtuPPd trl6i Appe~) suo~telndod nd%)( p ~ r u Q ~ U I R ) ~ uo rlrndnr l o l l r r a olr l qllM Q~UOJRJJIP 3~83111~018 AUQ BUIIBQ&~I loueru suolit?lnW.J e u ~ '1108 OlI IS 891 uorl p e t ~ o d o ~ lej os e6ue1 oql UI~~IM BUI~IUJ APnlS iclnsaJ(1 m i l la glinser 0 8 ~ 842 ysepk~d wr lpuv JO

(0861 IU" VPlr" 111 l[%(fr (1 ~ ~ ~ P u ~ lllJISIP @UliPII)I }D S U l U Q B l ~ IY lP lE~ eyl Buourr ( 66 011 r r l I 'tin iltXiorrt ti11 pub DIIISI~ toot11q3 10 lellvpnyy prrnl 1173 wrrr) dltlolt fl lo ( O V Z C ) o~uop13u1 IIOIIJ PBIJU~OI

6 ) I 1 I l t l l l lr UlnW 11 Jlfl OllllM A1OA1130d~~d DUB6 v 10 A$uanball ( of E) 1'.7* i !rill ( nq $1) i*.n 1Wtc1 O.I(I BUIMOYS ( ~ ~ 6 1 A(IilnW pus swprd) 111 111 r tlldrc jcr r%f > llf tllllFJQ pva OA$IPI\ 841 ( ~ 8 6 1 IP i a OVlj gdf'd R l k L I 1 1 I t l il Il(i1 I'l'nll '3 Jpyq"llF,lI nl8lS OYi J0 U011 slndocl incllll ill& I I 8 1 z knr I 1 t ~ ? i l qnfi inq v UQI~I BdAl~~Blld 8

jo Aaunntl 11) 111 I I t~ % II 11 I 8 11 j i t t l t t f l dl P) P J I ~ P U ~ ~ ~ H I ~ U O O UJ

Tab1 1 Phenryp a n d g n f qunc r h r d d o I o m g n r p l i . opi. h r m n g K m m (704) nd

K p (270) of Andh a P desh

Ph otyp Ph or f a G ~ Y P - -.&L-xh G d d X V l K rnm K P K P K n m X K p

A 1 8 1 4 ( 3 7 ) 1 8 5 1 t 3 9 ) P 01117_t00155 0 1249i00160 84059 A 4 9 0 ( 10) 4 29 ( 9) P 0036620 0093 0 C30 1-0 0089 8 24 02 ( 491 33 33 ( 70) q 01541-00186 01202~00215 0 A B A B

R h fih

S t

N S t

G 6 P D N m l

Deice t

Hp2 2 n p z 1 H p 1 1

Tf C Tf CD

Alb m

F g p th d t b l r rnb l d t t I lly g f t5,p b b l t y l I

111 l ~ l l t ~ l ~ r lr( 1111 kf1111 to Mr V Purn?r}l~ndrl He&y and Mr Y ( 1111 11 I I h ' l r i l i tr r tllc ir k~nrl r o oper?t~on durinq the fieldwork Tlie N( rl. 1 I 1 !ll1110111 11 OY ~PII IO~ Ro~e~rc I l Fe l I ow~ l~~p by tlie CSlR Ni I 11 I li r t V 4 Drcli h11n1 lr

1 1 1 1 \ <\I) V R KIOIIY 1917 7hc A110 blood groups in tile 1'1rll11 l r I)I\ of l udd lp 111 l )r \Lr~~t Alitllir t Pr l t l ~ rh III(/IOII A11f111opo III w r 7 ('1 145 l(4

(rctlrct J I3 la77 Pipttlnttcl~i pencttcq orllve endognlnotts l r l b ~ l groups c CAotlItr I I r i~t ler l~ I'h I) Tllcsls O~rnrnr? Un~vcts~ty Tiytlcrndnd

h4rr: 5 t If N MI~~IIHIII K C MAIIIOIRAANI) M A IJIAUKC 1978 Hecl crll C iucorc 6 Phn\phutc dchydro~en~re deficlcncy among tell cnda$tmnut groapr of Mdhnrnslilri~ ~ n d Wert ncngal Ilirnr Getltr 44 319 313

K t ~ t i m F C F n l4Tl A pnpltlrttnn genoir et~ltly on blood group3 A l l 0 and tthfn) m thrcc c11i1ngn1t1ou.c group o f Tlrupzt~ S 1 l jt~lver d /y

R1ptr1 Ttr11po11

M r ~ u ~ c r r A G AN^ J M Cnursrtr K ~ n u r 1361 Glucose 6 Pllosph~le

Drllbdropcnarc dficicncy nT \LC red cell Plac Cortj Gerlcl l all

mocpl$imf Grn#~plr &nrl(r!iar~t rlrr~flrr B S lambe erg Ed (( run

and Stmiton No* Yatk] 1.59

Nhornn~ V 1980 All30 and Rh(D) blood p;rolipc among khrce endogz mom groufn or 7trapnI1 Chttto~r dtst r r~~ Andlrrn Pradesll S Y

V n t w i t ) R~por t Tir~rpotf

I ~ L 1 l r t l l r l 1 ll I 11 1111 I t r r1 All it I 1 I I ( I l lVt 50~rolors IrL ~r~oru r U!~IIIIOII 111 111 111 11 1 ( 1 It 1 1 11 '+I 11 1 111111 I (54 101) J I I ~ luwt I ( I 0 fJ8 ) I r IIIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 I 1 I1 111) N I ~LPUIIU~ from hurnll~ IrI ( 1 ~v l l l l r I 1 t 1 1 1 1 ) I I 1 1 I r (I)( r I1 K ! t ~ ~ i s r and 13 1111 I( 11 1111/1 11 11 1 ]8[)) fl i t I IV l\~~(ll 1 1 8 11 Ill( 1)1€!58nt hlpu J ~ I I ~ I IIIWIII~ l ll 11 It II I 1 I 11 I ( 10 110 ) ol non s t ~ r a l t r rILoa IJ I 11 I I I 111 11 11 41 Ili 1 1 1 1

Must ol 1l1t1 LIIIL IIIII)III I 111 c 1 At 11' I I I I 111 11 1111 v 1111 IIIL I ~ $ O I ~ C @

ul lip UXLLII~ 11 v rr 111111'. (HI 111 1 Il l N lf I ll 111 I l 11 1982 Papa ({do il nl I'JIIJ) Uotl! lht pi 11 11 iI 11 r c l t t l r l$ l \ c r r l l t I t l~o wneral tnnd obrurv ill III l l l t r 51 II III I I I & I I III{ 11 r 11 I\ 1 ~ 1 ~ 4 (11 (1111 IIL~ lip 1

111 111 olllor IIU[I\I~ Itloll I I I I I I I 1 I Ii

I r i L +SO iil Ir 111tl rf111 v i r ~ 1111 A11 I! I I I IIIII 16 II:, UXIIIOIIIIIQ rnoclar~it! Ir tqt~t IN y WI~II 111 III I ~ ~ I I I I t I I t v I H ~ d d y at (19113) IU~)(I~I~II II t5 t llllt I~I I tI 111~ IIIIII 1 t n IIICI tj

laulld lo bc l l l~~l ter in boul l~~ III t l l r i I I t I I l l t l t I l~$p~~ l l~C ! l y I.lowover Raa ot 11 (1Yill) fltlrn I 11 H v 111 IIII II VII y I IIIII rjuidrm~tli CdSteb dild CD Sub I Y l J t l l l l k l l ( ( ~ L I ( ( 1 1 OM 1 11 111d LC)M p In respeLtlva populdl~c~ns of At~sltlr 1 Itr 1rt1 I t a~irr l l trly I11t prc t.al Kamma samplu notlclng 1 45 o l CD VI~I 11 t I III prr vllr i 111 i l vdrlants rs a noteworlliy tendancy of Andht I I r rl I I I I I sltown m the existing lltorature

Except the rLports ai l3no UI (11 (19/5) l r t t f Gocrd (1917) no albunlrn vdrfant was detsccd fran~ 1110 51 rto 1l1t 111 trrlr u a l dlbt~rnrn varlanl In the presorlt study co~~llrnlmg tho c;omsloa tenrlr l t~q crl the Andhra ~apul l t~ons However the fl~tdtngc 01 t t ~ t r proc~r t btudy orb nut devlatlng from the genBr?l trend obsarvttd lioln iht Slate Na~dtr ol a1 (1978) reporled ~nsl~r l l l~canl dllference baiwaon Klntqm and R d d y papulasons based ah ABO and ABH socrotlon i)olyntucphl nt TIIU results of Ill% Prosent 8tud~cQr1oburatttig WIIII lha repmt above msntlrrrled In ABO and ABH secrol~on G 0 Pi2 ind ~p polymorpttrsnts But 111 Tf rnd Rh(D) slgnlf l~antl~ dev~atlng from each athst as avlderlcad iron1 the prosent lind~ngs

\ A \ I 5 \ 5 1) hl $148 \ 1 I t11 1 \ 11 1 ~ ~ A ~ ~ \ I I I A N I ~ ~ A ~ ~ ~ [

I )Hp 511 I 81 11 111 1 t 1 ill. I 11 111 C 11) 111 i s llllll Ilk 111 ( allla of AII~IIII I I III IL 11 (11 III 1 I 1 6 1 I 11b1 I JH 2 1) 1'5 1')

[ A ~ M , + I A ~ I I J 'r ~ ~ U K I I I ~ 1J11 1)1 111l1111 11 f \ I10 I l (11 Y~~~II~UI~I

I l j i l ~ r ~ ~ b a d POI)IIIIIII II I It111 J ( 1 1 K h l 1JF

Ilnh~nc IIAV~I~AIAII r nwir \ CAI) $ % A q~ I IYI) LIIIIIIY l i t 111 III~ tr ups c ~ l o ~ l r ~II ~IIII~IIL+L UII I Inor( 11 11 t i 4 1 1111 I I i r$ IIIIIIIII~ IIIL Y td lh~ I~~I~III\~II\ ol k r i IIIIII I l i \ t l ~ i l ( A I 1 I r IIII t r n l hlrl~rin A~rlllrcr/ \uc I sli vlla

11~0 1 11 J I) C UNI~ nhir if It crew AGIV I 115 C ~ n t l l t 1lhu111i11 UIIII I~IIII~~~~III I 1111111 11 111 l r l h l l 1111tl 11 III 11111 11 Ail 1111 I ~II~IUIUIIUDS 111 L I! Alm < I/ 111 1 b t I I t 81 1

A P R J I I I I I I I4111 tkc tll fr~butlon 01 33 I IIIIJ IILW I) dild 1) 11 III\~G~IIII + 111 1111 l l t l l l l l l ~ c IIIL t r IVPG of Andllru 1 1 tdcslt ($ 11nl1 11 l l t r t r ~ i ~II 1 4H ')'i l r l

RLI)DY A P F N N ~ K I A V I ~ V 4 1) ~ I I ~ ~ A R I )Kt 1ru11~Icrrm vurlnnls i n ladla J Indm inrhrvp Suc f7 jh l 1 Y

KEI)DY V k OUWNOAHAM~~IA A 1'111~ RAII &Vil K RAHALIWA 1918 1be blood groups ti] lhc Bltl~~ar or Ttrupttt~ and othcr pcrpulilllons of Andhra Pradosh Saulh l~tdlu Cdl Attthrup 2 'O(r 21 1

Rblbou V R O P Naruu ANa p K SUIVAS.TIV~ L9%1 Thc LH red blood cell memhranc s(la111csy m ilrrcr htsutlr Lnd~nn popu~all~lls Art@ dn~~rropagcwrirn 5 131 1119 194

A P R ~ D Y S N HARI* AND V S D KUMAR I G l l S U i l I I C I l l l i 11 111 I CI I l l

D r ~ a l ~ l c l ~ o f P l ~ l a l A r ~ l b p l s y S Y U 1 1 ity T l i p i l

AMruQt Transf rlin Varr 1111s w r report d n lwo Saull 11d1 I I ~b s Y u Kaln l I Kuruvlkkaral TI1 Tr CD vananls c u re1 I v ly will a l gh lreq tency I I Soulh oilsler I lndrnn t lbes wh lc tbc L D vnt mln nra mnlnly fou id In No 111 onrlern lndlan populat~oos

Introduct~on

Tr~nsferr ln (Sldero~hllln) IS a B globulln g lycopro te~~~ whose function to trt~nsoport Iran from intestine to ~ ~ t e s In the body siicl~ 8s t l ~ e belle lnlrrow w h ~ t b it 1s util~zed in t l ~ e syntlic 1s of hiemoglobln niyoglob~n and o t h ~ r Iton ~olltalll lng protetns Ut~der norliidl condibons serunl tr?nsfcrrio IS only bout onc tJ111d snturatcd w~tlt iron 1nd ia i~y tllercfore lot as the prlm?ry defence ~ b i ~ ~ n a t acute Iron ~ n t o x ~ c i t ~ o n It is also cdpdbl~ of blndtug other elctucnts auch HS COI)PCI mnnglncse cobalt znik and poss~bly clirom~um It 1s also posstble that transre~lln may protect ngalnst lnf Gtlon by b lctcrli by st~ccessf~~lly ~ o r n p e t i l ~ g tor ferric iron ess~ntlal lor their growth (Gtblett iX9) lnbertted vsrl 1t1o11 tn tlic clecttophorctlc mobilrty of t r ~ ~ ~ s f e r r ~ n wds Illst d~scovcred by S r n ~ t h ~ c s (1957) The Eenetics af bumntai~ trdnsf~rrln h 1s been extcnstvely nrudttd S I I I C ~ t h ~ dtscovery of thesc tnher~tcd d~fTercnccs Revicws of this work cqn be found In Bawornn (1968) Glblott (1969) Bucttner Jnnusch (1910) and 5l1r1vusldva ~ n d Kaur (1981) All h u m ~ n populi t~ons possess n nornnl type o f trnnsfcrr~n dcs~gnntcd as C In idd~t ton tliey usually posses more tllan one v~r ta r t t types Tilose faster tlian C ire des~ganted 11s B and slower IS D At present more than 28 transferrin phenotypes \lave been reported In dillorent popul?t~ons of tlie world Searches for trnnsferr~n varlants in l n d ~ i i r e l ~ l n ~ t e d T h e present communlcatlon reports the resul[a of 1 seqrch for Tr vzriants in two tribes oE South 1ndr1 Desldcs ?n attempt h l s been made to rcv~ew the reccnt find~ngs of trznsferrlli variants rn different Indldn populiuons

Matenal and Motbods

A total of 136 serum sampies from two t r~bes Yeruzk rla (seml nomadrc) nnd Kuruvtkkarnn (nomadfc) were oollectod from Andhri P r ~ d e s h nnd Tamrlnadu and ~ " ~ I y s e d tmnsf~rr tn typos following the method of Blake e l al(t971) The vqnunts were confirmed agdlnst standards

Itl'lllll 111d !)I LO $1 Is

~~h t ( 1 , ~ {L~IIII I 1 10i11111 11 r 11 r l 1 L I I ~ I L ~ ~IIL Ilr \ ~ n t series

1 ilk (I I 111cl kurus I k l r 1s 11 I 11 ( t f 111 I 1 8 I ( 1) v l r l 111ts rc$ptc

lIvLly 51~11 LIILO (I!! AL I 11 I 1 0 !v (5 111 t t 1 I 1 t [!I& l r b 111 1111s fr0111

hllilllrn I ritdLsII 1 11 r i 11 I lnl~l l l r I l u 11 i l r l l l l Ill l r l l l 11 ( W l l t r I

11)'/X I 1 1 I 1 It llllr$\l 11 11 1 111 IL I 11 I ) Y I ilcddy ,/ 1081) III I 11 )n t111 11 1, i1111111i 11 ( 1 I 11 I ) I ( ( 1 1P11111 F1 1110

[ ) I n Rile tr rl 1171 NII lu I)iI I(! I 11 I )<I1 v IL (111 trkd sv1tI1

cI) v1111n[s 1111. IIIIIL~ k 111 1 1 1 111111 l r i (111 1 1 h Y I ( Y N 1 YC~ULIII (6 6, ) llnd Nnr~yi,t h!u\l1111\ (7 t ) IIC II irtr $5 t l l 1111l1 IILCIII(I)LY 01 CU

t y p ~ I uttl r K 10 4.1 ul (107)) illld C L I I~ ii ld It I 1 ( I ) 1) IIYU c l i \I(IC~

tllLlr CL) ~IIII III~, I\ C I) ( I) 0 ?il l1 ( 1) 4 1 ~ ~ 1 tr 11 111d ( I) Ll I~II~I III (110

r~\pcctIvc 110l)uI 111011\ 1 IIL \ III& 111111111+ 11 ) 1 l~11f l t11 I 1111 (1 IIL(IULIILY of

C I> I 111 NLIIII~I~OJ (0 6 ) h o j ~ i (7 X 1 ~III~I V) y~ tr I /IIII)UI 111011'1 1 roln o ~ l ~ ~ r p,rtu ol 'iu11t11 III~I I IIIL~L IIE nllly 1a11 rr l l~l t ls ut lh ( I) v lrlonls I c

on' f io~n karilla (I ~ p ~ l ~ i tnJ WU t ~ l l IY71 ) UIIJ IIIL lrolli lilm~ln;~du ( A ~ r l ~ ~ ~ t h i ~ h r l s l ~ ~ ~ 111 1111il h1r6 I07YJ IIIC 11 lUlcd 54111111 111~11 111 ~I)~LI~IIIIOII dillu ahow I\ h~bb L r ~ q r l ~ n ~ y (I 3 7 1 ~ ) Of L O Vt l t l i t l l I \ iilllt I l k 1111 ( f lh~b

111 Western und Cctitr 11 i l ldl I t111. hl 11111 I (h IIL t l (11 l07h) ilnd UIIII (Psp1111 er nl 1978) IIIL lli~ oltly l # o l r l l ~ 9 $11 I r t ~L~I~~ILII i11r < I) vlrliint9 A luw ircclucn~y ol CT) v l r l mts H i l ~ r l \ I r q ~ ~ r l e ~ l i r l HIII 111 rwlc yroup (MU~~ILFJCC el u/ 9 I I I n I I I 11 I 1/11

Tronl North lnd~ls u low friquency ol t 1) v ~ r t ~ n t rrcrc r~ l i n r t i d 111 Eonlo oilslea tmd trlbc5 or l11l11 1111~11 I I IIICLII ("r111 It & I ~tlf IOU1 1 J IIIII~IU snd k lbllllllr and Pan1 ~b (k 1ur i r ul 11)19\

lo Pls le~n l~lrllu Gactldr etitl (1)72) rcportcd ( I) \ III inlr in Abri~niesc Mukhcr~co pi al (1974 1975) Dab 11 a1 (1 )?)) frld 1) 1% p p t d 11 ctl (1981) reportcd CJ2 vur11111ts 111 l l ~ t ~ i l u tusler itrid h2u l1111-i i+ I l~ re 1% W IILLF e l 01 (19721 reporlcd onc D D, ustl I7 CD, vilrl ln(a III t i ~ h 11 itnl L 1\tr groups of %st bcnblI Alrlollb t11e Ordon!, o f ti111 tr hull$ CI) , (6 111 ) (Kirk cr 01 1962) nnd CD (9 5%) tMuk~lcr je~ rl ( I / 1 )7$) Herc rrpurtnl 'I hc iriba (pooled d 111) o f Eastcra l nd~a dm\v u hlbh ircqueniy (4 70 1 Lhan i l ~ c other r@glonlll trlbcs nnd cnstes af llidln

At Present tboaat~ llrcrc are n numhr or ~ 1 ) vf i r l~nfs r~pnrlcd From Norbllcm and WcsIorn lndln lhoautd vcirrant la wtdcly dlsfrlbultd In Crslern and Southern tndiun ~opuluuons only Alrhut~gl~ reslrtrled d~str~bulron of CD 11 confilied to Monyolo~d Wpultkll~ns wn?r poalulatgd by k t r k and La1

but rec@nt flndlngs In no* Mangalaid pop111 lltonb dock not stlppurl lhc above SWtvenL (Rno of a/ 1979 G O U ~ and p 1 9 ~ ~

One or the ln@restlng hypolhpsu a t Wallcr and B~ijnfutdtsh (1972) thnt a vuaants njnY have strn~c ~et~lcuvc vgrlue; )rat &mates Hbwcver

TIt\NSIEI<RIN VARIAYTS IN INDIA 165

Ihe recent rcllorti on D vlrllnls 111 Jilnmu ind K i s h m ~ ~ (K ll lr I (11 1979) 111d I l ln l l Jld1 Plldevll /dngh o 01 1981) t i c~d i n cxplan II~OII

Tile Tr B varllst h is I spo~<idlc dlsr~~hutlon III Indl I I t IS ~n l e~c i l l n k to 1llLlltlon 11% Preseiicc i n find111g comnlunltlcs l ~kc Vyhyl (QO~I~II~~I IIIJ l l lo 1978) i l ld Go ldsn~~ t l ~ (Rdo e l 0 1 1979) of A l i t l l l ~ i I r d d ~ d ~ ~ n c l VIIII~POIII

(Ufldcvl? el 01 1978) oTCujara1 Kirk and LII (1961) illso LLPOIIL~ U virlnlitb

111 Pi1h111s of 1'?klit111 The Pirs~s (Uadev~z er 01 1l7Z) III~ Dlill (1 1111111 at ol 1978) ?re also repolfed w ~ t h U vvl in ts Croln Western III~ Cenlrll III~II

B t ~ t recently P'IPI/I.I el 01 (1978) rcpor~zd 111 elclncrlf of idnllxtlrre wl~h D~itr\Ir

dlld I' IISIS i n Uhlls i n reccllt t.olo111111 ~IIIYS TIIL PIL~CIICC 01. I? V l r l III~ III

Slnh llc5C of Ceylon W i S C~p l llncd by Pdplh I llld W lslcll (1)74) $ubbr$fl2lb the nortll Indl In orlglo o l S~i~hdlcse

Listly l l ~ e plesence ol li v lriilnt 111 Aaann~ (Gocddc L I nl 1972) U 111gt1 desll ( P ~ p ~ h r and WISLLII 1974) Wcst Bcngel (T l~oes e l ~ l 1977) Utti l l Pintlcsh (Pipth I & Wnstell 1974 K Z U ~ er f lJ 1971) lntl J IIII~U 11id K l l s l l l n~~ ( K ~ u r e l 01 1917) suggcsts tllat B variant i s nl%lnly found ill Nortli c~atcrn

p 11 t or l l ld i I The auggcstctl d~dlolomous d~st~lbuIion oT t r i~ ls lc r r~n v 111ant9 In 111dlz may be due ta 1 l~mrted number oi studles ao frr rnvesrlbulcd M?ny nlorc popul?t~ons arc ye1 to ht scrccucd in order to conlliln tlie nbovc trclld ol distnbul~on ofTr varllnls

d k ivladgen a I Tlla n 1t11 r wlsl lo 111 I k 11 GI lelchor Dr T Rumoch 111dlnll l Ucpa I ~cnl f Physlcnl Anthropology S V Unlv tslly TI 11 111 1 I f 0 N Mukh JC

N~lman tic1 ctlc Uolf I l d en Slot r cd In 111ulo Cnlcultn roc the r v l\nblc su88c 1 011

rw f l i e autlloa (SNH and VSDK) nro stutcful to C5IR Now ~ c l h i ror ~wnrdi g

fcliowshrps

Populatl Numbc Tf ph olyp E Rei nc

1 led CC. BC BE CD 80 Dl3 1 - 2 3 4 S 6

FOUTKINDlA Yanad~ (A dh ) 454 +43 - - 1 1 I - - R ddy t 1 1981

Y kal 60 59 1 Pr t 1 dy Kur ~kkara 76 73 3 P ont I dy Ch n hu 142 141 I R me h t I 1980

Koya D 90 89 I P gle at al 1981

K y a D ra 173 157 14 2 W lter t a1 1978

Kay Dor xi 515 3 1 (CDchl) Goud & Ra 1980

Ralgond 197 j93 4 (CD G nd) Na kpod 90 84 6 (CDch I Lambada 154 153 I (COch Ko da Xammar 115 111 13 Walterei I I978

T bl I (C t d )

P P ~ N mb T ph typ R 1

t t d CC BC Dl1 CD BD 0 0 I 7 3 1 5 6

--- t d kh R ddh t b2 61 I

t I 1919 I1 & Y )

M Itm 119 115 R g I s - - 0 o ( B h a ) 125 117 0 126 I l l A am (As rn) 75 74 YI s 79 77

2 (CD!) 8 ICDI) 7 (CDI)

i 4

D 8 (CDCh )

17 1 (CD )

2 1B

I (D D )

Ylkh 1 i d 7 4 I h m ctal 1971 Kl k t I 1962 M kh 1 i 1 1975

dd t a l 1871

ILAKP h' M R L KIRK E M MCD@ MID K OMOToillld Y R Allulh 1971 111 dl ill butlon I seru n p otcln at d enzyrn group ystcma anlo 6 norll Ildi?na I1 m if I 21 440 457

OWMAN D M 1968 %turn tran f ins S rie if nrot 18 a 1 97 UITN~II JANUYCH J 1970 Ctletl III TI ll o lletl c I Gcn t cs of Ma AC dcmtc P ss IA% UlTA 1 D N MUKIIPRIIP S K DAS K PAKIIASI ltlld D MUK lnlJll 1981 A $111 1y

of ~ n t l ropomot y ~ n d gonetic n ark rs an onmt tho Ka ras of Wcst Be gal I d J P11)r A l lkr p & 111, I Gc 1 7 19 37

lnrsrr I3 R 19f9 r I tic n ~ t ke r I I 111 ntn 1 61 d Oxford Bllck Well Scio llSc P 1bl1 at on

ouu J D nnd P R RAO 1978 UnpuWi lied reports OVALAH K B and p R Rno 1978 U pttbl $1 cd reports ART S N v S D ~ U M A R A P R DDY and T R h ~ ~ c l l h N O ~ h l ~ 1981 P l c r ~ l a d

Anth p ((n prers) ATE s L ET nL 1978 pcrsonoi Commun cat1 n t t l ~ R 1 and L Y C LAI 1961 TI18 distr button of haptaglob a and trnnsfc rtns tn South

and South Bost A'iia Acl G rrt 11 97 105 UKHCRJPC R N K C M IIIOTRA s K DAS P P MAZUMDPR M ROY S L KATP ~ n d

G S SA~NANI 1979 Genetcc polymorpham annlysts nmons nlno cl~dognlt~ous popu lation Srollp* of Mslwnshlr4 I dla Jolir fitrrn E ol 9 555 566

nlou J M IPBl Personal C nlmunl l lotl

I( A I I t l l ) l \ + II4I(I A1 11 V I h l l !$I(

1 hl111 5 4 1 1 1 1 I 1 h i I' j1 It 11 h! Ill 191~ A gcll I r r y 11 111 1ll11l If l c f '+I I1 1 I Ir I1 C c 11 $11 1 I 1 1

J J~~~

I r l I 111 171

1 IN I 1 I I II N h~llklllH11 I h 1) 1 'hl \ U I I 11 I 11) r II 0 IIYQ lrlb#)grDUPl r i l l I r I L I l I 1 I i 7 I'JlIY

RAMI~II A N hi 1111 I \ I I I 4 J 5 $1 Y I IH I I ( ICIIL ~ I u ~ I c $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( 1 11 11 lr I I I \I Iitr I I I I I I / I / I I 111 II 2Jll

A 1 1 I U I I I I 111 1 1 1 I f 1 ) 1 i n d n ~ \ ~ D ~ ~ d H Ira I F r r l 1111 I 8 I K I I \ 1 I F \ IC I l (5 1 I I I ) 1111 (jolu 48 235 ?.\I

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vln lnl 1s III AII lllr l r In b I 1 I J 1 h f r l p u I l i r c r ~ Gclle(

7 I S 46 IIOY( IIIILII IIUHI A h I ) l s 1I1c d tr t 1 I 1 BF I I 1 1 1i1 11 I r 10 jr und cnzymu in

Illdin I I d r R 1 rr \h r 4% ~llw~v,urhv I K nrl ll hht K I ILIlI l l l o 11 r l l ih I 11 l UITI I I rerum lrhnskrr~n a

tby,urew hi BII I Q 1 lc IV 21 3 11 SINUII I P I I AI I )#I 111111 111 I c I rev 11 SMlrlllgq 0 VR~IIIIOIIY III IIUII I I \en1 t l jJ ylol 11 l l r V I a In11 I)# I 18.1 ~HITIIII'~ an 1 0 t l l l l hu I I S 1 l rlc L(! ldl i 111 NI f l r t f l [err IS 10 ~~IIII 118 Ebchen~ I

11 1 1 1 6 SUNUCRLA~IJ I) K % h*ll hf I( A i 4 t \WI Ill I td I C1 J ILLY 1476 SIU~ICSO~

l~ l lp i~a l t b n n~ ld l r lns f~ r r~ I IYIKI I I ku111 I I tlta I 1111 ib Nollbl~til lnd~u I~UHI

l l r f l 21 16 1

5 NARA IIARI V 8 D I UMAR A P RCDDY T RAMACHANDRAIAH

STXOLOG~CAL AND BIOCIICMICAL INVCSTIGAllONS AMONG YIIC GOLLAS O r ANDMRA PRADESFl INDIA

Indl1 land of numerous castes and lrlbrs wlth varying c u l ~ u ~ n l tradtlionb dud dirklent environmental silups prov~des a unLquL oppor tunlty for conducting vd~lous types of studies on human blology Ac ~ordlngly a nulnbil of works have been carried out in the f i ~ l d oi deinobl~phy monphology anthropolnetry dermatoglyphlcs serology and biochemical genetms on various tiibes and cuutcs from t h ~ s countly

Tile plesenl papez lepor t s frcquenme5 01 A, A, B 0 Rh[D) MN blood group systems ABH (0) s e ~ r c t ~ o n in sallra serum protelns llke hdptoglobins (Hp) transla$ins (Tf) and albumin among the Gollas of. Andhra Prddcsh which we10 hitherto unreported

The Galla 15 a backwald pastoral caste community whose hcred~la r y o ~ c u p tio on 1s tendlng sheep and caktle selling milk etc [T h u r s t o n 19091 They ale also known 2s Yadwas These people were once no madic in nature but now some of them ale settled and same lead~ng selnl nomadlc hfe in sealch 01 paslulcs There are two main subdiv~srons anlong the Gollas v ~ z Pqnn Golla ?nd P u p Golla between whom. no lntermarrlage would lak place The present study i s confined to Pu na Goll?s only j

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Blood samples were CollQct~d by flnger prlck method m five 10 a

l n ~ t h o d from 196 unrelated Golla lndrv~duals r" lliles of Chlttaor Dlstirct Andhra Fladesh iolloviing random samp 1%

The first two d ~ o p s of blood were collected Into a labelled test tube containing 0 85 N sallne solutlon and the next. Pour drops of blood lnt0 a llepannlzed test tube w h e ~ e it Was dllowed to clot foi two hauls at room lomperaturc TJIW samples were brouplht in a thermos flask to the laboratory ~mmedlately after collection The serum from the clot was pipetted put renkr~fuged at 2000 rpm b get a d of corpuswiar

The analysiv ot votlaua gcaetie markcrs rcvcrtle t h ~ IoUdn(t main points

126 L l \ r i l l ~ V \ I ) ! 1 I l l - -- ~ I ~ l n ~ n t \ ~ncl \ to~ rl IIL ln 111 t i l l l u l l \ I t 11 ( ~11111 su l ) j cc l td to ele L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ U L Y I S \IXIII[,~~\ 111 1111~ L w 1 5 ~ 1 1 1 1 ~1 (1 19 ~ l t t t l ) ~ ) ~WIIJ t ~ c l ~ t ~ i q ~ ~

111 I \r ) U 11 & L I It)\lU] ~ t i l l l ~ ~ l l 1 ( ~ I (~II)~(IU llid ~IIOLLI[II~L~ wcIe f o l l w ~ q l in l l l~ u n u l y ~ l b 01 b i w t l jlllllllh '. LI l l ~ l '1t11t119 nlld bclUln

,,~~LLIII\ Ill it c L Yu; S i ~ n h L I lYbH IJ I 1ilb.L) 1111~ 1 0 YOI~IC ttcllnl cul d l l l ~ c u l l ~ t ~ at111 ~LJILIL III LII~I~I~CII~ t i l t IIII\~JIL i t t V O I ~ ~ S f p ~ m

Yybtnn to still^ (1 I\) 1)

1 iblo I 1 l c I 1)1n I ILI LC c l I i I I I( 11 I i d i I ahc mlcdl murkerr nlri ng 11 E ( 11.1 I A1 1111 I I l w l ~ III 1 I

Nun k r le8lc I ~ l i r n ~ r , c r ' I c jur I > I b c f ~ ~ i p ~ c i y

AI AsB O The Gollas ahow higher irequri~cy a( h than This and the A]/& hquancteu show slnrtktrliy ~n earlier ilndrnga A carefd o~s~rvaturn of the distrtbu!&n oi hlwd wupci amng the Castes ahd tribes rave& that axcc?ptKng the Oollaa ma& of &e tale ~ a ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~

IY6 1

h I O l l d l I I LI IJW A UUI 1 I 110 5 ) I1 O r ! I t l 1 I I 01557 (1 I 0 4 I ) r U t I w A 11 U UUM A H 0 0 55 1

196 Kh tl )OY I 3 I U ( 170 I 0 1U10

U 1101

X C I t l l t 1 U ?.)Id 1 M

73 i 01BH r i 1 I I ~ Y ~ Y UT1I 11 U 4 M I

I 113 11p O U l l

- - I

BZ I ICLC 1 DPIIZ i rrt I n o ~ s a 'rrcu uwnu 1 111) 1 00244

1 nrrn 1 ucxma I 1

I " I 1 I KXw 1 - - E X E W l k * rur/yr*l & r L U

S ~ ~ O I O ~ I C B I and b ocl~cm cal nve t gdt n 127

of Andhra Pmdesh bhow the general Asintic t~end i e O>B>A>AB Iluwever this trend 1s paitly leversed in case ol: the tribals o)A>B>AB Ch S(IU-I~L values computed foi Irequencies of lhls sys tern md~cacale that the Gollas show lnslbnliicanl ddfcrence with most of the nelglibouring caste populattons although they posses sllbhtly h1g he1 ii eqnency of A group

Rh(U) The incidence of MI(-) is iound to be sl~ghtly higher (Tab 1) than in some ~f the caste groups of Andhra Prndesh so fnr leported Thla may be due to selective adaptablliy

MN ?his system show* the trend MN>M>N (Tab 1) The ~ e n e fre quency of in is found to be higher than n a characterlst~c feature 01 Asidtic popuI?tions Comparahvely the Gollas fall close to Pallar ol Tam11 Nadu Bhlls of Madhya Fradesh and Parsls of Maharasht~n in m gene ftbquency

ABII(0) secretion m sahva The frequency of secrelors among the Go1 la8 (tab 1) IS found to be highel than the non secretors wh~ch 1s qude in agreement with the earher Ind~an works It seems that there may be i n a e prominent geographical effect on the whole than the ethnic ole mentr In the distribubon of Secrctor genes m Ind~a The rncidence OI blood group wlse secletlon shows a trend of O>A>B>AB th& sup ports C l a r k e et a1 (IgGO) statement that group 0 people secietc more 11 subslance than A group people who secrete more than B group pe ople and AB people secrete the least

Haptoglobins Hp * phenotype 18 found to be Selafively more frequent in t h s population (tab 1) than pa the Andhra Pradesh populat~ous re ported so far This may be attributable to a high incidence of haemvly tic jaundice observed among the Gollas in the present study The fre quency of Hpi allele 1s comyaratively lower than ZLy' alLe10 This is

not uncommon in the Indian context but relatively htgher thqn the An dhra Pihdesh groups so far reported The haptoglobin plcture available on some Indmn populatioqs mdaates that XIpi frequency is slgn~ficantly l ~ w e r in trlbals thun m the caste groups m the same geo$raplucal Set tlng

Transferiins Olrt of 82 samples tested for transferrin valiants 4 were conilrmed 1ICD types (488% - Tab1 1) Generally the Indian caste ppulahons show a very low frequency crf Tf varlntion It is noted that Ti D vdnatian 1s confined t o Southern (Andhra) and Easte~n Indian regions (Olaons Bengalis Musl~ms and Assamese] No Tf B variation was observed m the present study and also in other tribes of Andhra

1~ ~ d ~ ~ l i 111 Inil~ia ~ I I L I1 H \ t r 1 1 1 l \ V k l ltl)ull6 tL I I I I U I I & I ' ~ I \ I \ of Balnb ~y 10 n d c v i u L L 11 197ii I I I I I 11) i 1111 % W II <I 1'1 19741 IJlln~ubl J lib [h 1 n b t t 41 19741 ~ ~ ~ I I Y I of A 5 lln [G o L d d L '1 u~ i u a ] find 111 t l l ~ C J ~ L L br(jlll>i 01 A11dli1~ i ~ t t d ~ \ I ~ Ill J O ~t nl 19751 ~ I I L C C I ~ I L liic obwncc of I'l 13 vnilirntu I I I I O I I ~ Lhc Lr1111lu 01 Anfillo 1'1 ? L I L \ ] ~ and otllti pcl~ t ! ~ of Illdlu n t notl~r kcu~lhy p111 nolilc non

Album11i5 No llbulnln VIII 111nl w I\ d i t c~ tc 11 I 11 L L I I I ~ ~ I ~ I L L ~ L I I I I ~ 111 t h ~ prcscnt study in Iuct thc ulbunurl \ i l ~ l l l ~ t ' , 11lt ~ 1 1 ) 1111'1 I ~ I O I I ~ thl p o p u l ~ t ~ o n s of hndlrra 1 ~ u d i \ \ r I \ ~ t p l lo1 Lhr l ip{ I \ \ of It I u u ~ i d R 1 m a b w am y 110761 dnd C o U d klg7?] 11 1rc1 i 1 1 ~ 111t st I I ~ uludy p pulutlun docs not ~ L V I U L L fl0111 It\ I I t ~hllbllllllll( [Jl llpll (11 4lltltllu l'ia deuh wlth I L pcct l u tlnv t1a11

Coml~allson with othr r pu$lo~nl L O I I I I I I U I I I ~ I ~ 5 01 Irldi I I h i ichult', OII talntd m tlio prr sLn1 study ZICL cullkp r r ~ d wltll 1110 pl 1 L illllrlb to uthcr p~~s to in l co~nrnun~tlc$ l r k ~ t ln redu% oI NIIRIII llrlls Nl~tdiwullou and Dhangnls of Mabu~ashtra to st c lllr ( ~L:IIL IIIIII I ~ I I I I I of C 01111~ I xcopt for ABO b lwd Lroupa ?nd klilrk)hllrblt~$ lhc ( 0111% f 111 clclu lo t t r~se pnslo~ul co~nmuni t~ r s l h ~ r p~ol) ib ly I I I ~ I L I I ~ C ~ I L O I I ~ I I I U I I O I I ~ I ~ I I ~ bLni

pool IIawcvtr II f l i n ~ cot~clusiot~ nub \ i t w l ~ t ~ c c u ~ n u l i ~ r l ~ n ul much motc dntn

A c k n o w l e d l e m c I 1 s

TIIL ~ u t h o r s rxpress illen ulluLrl &,rc~t,~ludc lo i. rul u u ~ Y It R r d d y IIcad of the Depdrlalcnt of P h k ~ ~ c t l Anlltrc~puluyy lo1 plovrdlng l h ~ m w ~ t h laboratory Incl l~l~es and to 13r M 5 u I J d 11 u I u y a a u In t u r e ~ in bocial Anthropology lor 111s C L I L I C U ~ rtrttnntntu rind auygcalions dutlt~g pleparatlan of tilt !nnnuvcrlpt rctu uI tbt ~ul l ro rb (bNII und VSDIi) are glatelul to CSlR New U t l h ~ for iwurding h llaw+l>~ps

C l a r k e C A R B MeColinofl 1 hf b h u p p n r d 111611 A un~rllcag alu((V 31 111o uaruatlonr 11) ABll racrlltsn Ann Uurn btlcrt U /BS

0 a v I r D J 1084 D18c ulocl~ophorct~a f l ~ c t h a d elid uyp i t c r~~w~~ to hunlan acr~le ProtiiriY Ann N Y Acod gel 111 104

G o e d d c I1 W N C B e c k ~ n a n n S ~ 1 1 1 g h u NI ~ t a hl R Clruka v n r t t i El D e l b r u c k G G l a t z , ~ D R Qutanatic ~ U S U L ~ in the pa~ulallon of Assam Hum Bersa 2? 331

Go u d J D 1817 Polru(a11att gwettca of frve cnrdo~~moum lrlbdl Qroupr o! Atid lira Pradcsh Ph D ilieale Oernana Unlvsrdly k f y d o ~ o ~ d

P 1 P b a S S U J W aa t o l l I971 Cratdalonln wnonta $11 tlitr it~dian rraeon linenl Humnn acnotloe a]. .38

Seroiogic?l utrd bl chern r 11 irlvesi g t ~ o I --- - - 129

n ? r e R P R S a n $ e l 1058 Blood 0 up MG? Blncl well Scio rtifi Pu bllcdt on 0 ford

R d o P R J D G o u d R R a m a s w r , Y lay. S r u r n olbumblr nd t 7 0 1 ~ f

T ?b U(lTlUt10~l n lribal a ld iqlr trcbal lndh a goyulat 01 u l uper p t \ c ;led i t I I Alln Co 9 I d an 5 c Ilum Genet Cal ultn

R B P R B R a n a S w n m Y unpubl Populat n UinoCtca tn caste ~ ro i rps of Ancllwa P ~ u d sh

S ~ I I P h S IC N S d r e e t l H W G o e d d e 1974 Invest gation vf some Oio clrcmlcal 0 not c malkers s faur erldogamous nroups n Punlul, 11 Rcd cell IL ylnr pllmIoT~hl8nr HUM Genet z 133

T h u 1 s t n 11 E LOO9 Cust s and t r ~ b r s of Soutirern Itldia Cosmo Publ D ~ l h i U I ~ I L V I U J V R L K i r k E M M c D e m i d 1073 Serum protctn systems

R I no PUTSIS and Iranta n Bombay Hum klc~cd 23 492

D P lm t I P h ~ l 1 At1 n l o u s v u I icy TI WII sn soa r dl

UADANIA SEROLOGICZNE I BIOCIICMICLNC 1 AhTERZY G O L U Z ANDIIRA I 1lADCSEI W lNDlACn PObUDNIOWYCLI

fi NARA IXARI V S D 1 UMAR A P BEDDY T RAMACIIANDRAIAB

Auto y zhadali c i . ~ to66 fcnotypdw okteslil czqrtosC ~ o n b w dla ul~laribw 6 u pnuych IABO ilh MN Wydzielacz) o az bnlck asocza (haptok.loblny t an fe Y ny ?lbu 1 my) u 100 n e pokrewnionych o,obnil6w z 8 upy Puna Goiln prymltyw rlycil ga\tclry tyjclcych na poludniu Indli Wynlkl zo,tdw o I w tubcl 1 Z W bwt I wynlkbw liinlolszc&,a opracowania r donyml dolyc ltcymi g I p lUdL k ch q iadriacych Golla m o h a woioskowat, ludy purtccskie puludtlin Illdll m sly w ptzc$dlodc wspblnt pulq gcnbw (np Toda Golla Nnndlwalln Dllangnd jedlldr e wlllosek ten wymaga poiwiordzen a na obazernojs ym matei ale

D f c T R I B U T l ~ ~ or ABO AND ~h (D) BLOOD CI~OUPS AMONG TN1tCe ENDOGAMOUS CROUPS Or CIIIT r 0 0 R DIsII~IC r

OF ANDIlRA PlIADCSH lJCrP K'J'MAR K MUNIRATHNAM BrDDY & T RAMACI~ANDI A1.4H

Dpllarlment of Pb~col nrtlhropol gy S V U ~ ~ l v e n ~ t y 1II(UPATI $17 520 11ldlll &

Dl~arfflleilt 0 1 Zoology SII Sr~n~v?sa Jutllor Callcge RCNIGUNTA 517 520 Indl8

Received Junes 1981 Rnlscd melvad .My 30 1981

slnlPl i Wre collcc~ d l on1 398 un latcd dw dual b la gmg lo th c n 108 m US Sr Vclnnll (122) Tob lo (Ill) n l D idck~ l (141) I Ch 11 r Dl l r cl [A P ) rot ADO and IWD) blnocl L alps Tho V lam?, nio h w g b ah f cq n y or 0 n I A Illan Tobola

Drld~kuln whllo B I l und t bo 111gl1 81 a 8 Toblfns lion iherlv popuIntOn9 J( 811 din? RL(D1 dlstrlbul~on lhore 1s prscl~cnlly IU d Ror co a I ongsl ih Lli c e uul4 11 wever tile Ctlr sqr are values far (he nter~ronpcompsrlso~~ ind calrnyslnl~sl~cally oslanln cnilt 1111 ronce anongtb m

INTRODUCTION ourrupt form of Urdu also h c h c o m m ~ l n ~ ~ y Ado ~ n c l Rh (D) blood groups ale OXlcn strictly ~n endo~nmous u n ~ t -

slvely cmploycd lo rv~ lua l r the cthttlc varln tlon a i d iI3liatlon bctwecn populition T11c MAlERI \L & MCTllOUS

P l t S ~ n l study was rlodelttkc~i to study tho ~ l ~ s o m p i c s were ]I ckdfrn~i l7Blln1 Inled d~c l r~bu t lon or ADO i n d Rh (D) blootl g~oops indlv d t l ~ l ir m ihrra nd0~1rnoll3~ oipl VLLAhIA Imong the Vtlqmq r ~ m t a nod DudckuJl (122) TOGATA 1\31) 7 DUDCKUL'

S~andntd Pioecd I I and r cholq lo as s 86cslc I by comliiunft~es of Srl KollhRstl Ch~ndinglcl SANGcR ,1914! ,, Plltttlr is i l P I ~ C ~ I I t~l l lks in Cllltloor Dlctrlct olADO I Rh (D! blooll grollys TI I 11 of Andliri Prndeqh whlch ure hl~lirrfo no1 ,,,, A 0 , ,, p l ~ u ~ c I i 'om IlniTkine reported Ctccpt Vel'lnia (PADMA & MURTHY 1" ( r u ( c D bay while an11 D froln Ct cfflcch 1974 ) \ borj(oii s M R ~ as ~ h c Grnc I q 10n ~ c s wele

TI!@ Vcf?mn 1s a caste of a g l ~ ~ u l l l ~ r ~ s t s and ~ I c u I u ~ v J nccordln5 (0 BE"?iSThlN Li9'O)

the Tagala 1s a, w c a w community both are RLSVLTS U DISCUSSION prRcllclng 11111du rellg~on Wh~le the Dude kttlas arc Muhammadans and thcy arc fils0 following the custom^ and belie[s of Illndns T ~ C [rail~tloriol occupatloli of tile Dudck~las IS cotton cleaning (Duos COTTQY ckllla to lean) Telugi~ is the molhcr tongue of all t h ~ studlcd groups \~h l lo the Dudckula speak

It 1s observed from tllc Ttblo I th?t the Velrimfis are sllowlng hlgh ~ I ~ ~ u c I I c Y of 0 (59112/0 r-07651)nndA (21 1 1 / p-0 1314) groups than 0 t h two populilllofl Whllo the B group IS oceui~ng proponder~nlly among Togalas (3008 / q-0 1909) thn~l

r,lblL 1 pI~~llolyl,c nnd (unc I ~ r c l n~ I r r~ t lor \ILL \I10 nld lth (I) ] 1 li1clcl 1 1 ilp\ &moo& tilt Vel lnlit 101 1\11 1nJ I l t i r l r ks l~ )lnlllil i1111n' 1 II 11 la I trtrrllaa t 111dt~a1e

tlic ih\r~lulc ~r\arrlar -- - ....-...... I 11111 11 Ill\ - -

C n 11 ~IIIIIL~LI\ V l r r l i ~ I ~ I I I Ill! JLLIII~ IN I' I (N 1 \ 1 1 -..-... - - - - ( N 143) - -

A ?I 11 I 5 I ) 1398 I (I) 01) (10)

Pllcnolypc It II ) I t I)\ 21 7Y 1'0) ( Ill1 ( 3 0

I r ~ i j a c n ~ y 0 5) 02 \) I $7 \4 112) 1 f 0 (82)

A I1 121 4 $1 4 90 A110 1 I) I( ) ll]ooj --a- -- - - (7) - - (~roilp+ 1 0 111 1 0 1111(1 0 by117

( cne (1 OIUXF 11 1111) 0 lr45 1 r ~ q ~ t c n ~ y - --- r 0?6$1 U ll17il I1 7469 - -

D/T * U J l b T - ( I 1117 0 1026

--p

X"UUI)IT I,ll{fll( --..... -- - - - - 0 0821 - Plltnolypo I<h I VL Yb I? Yr ' I re $0

I I l k l (I'X) (I lbl rr~(1acncy KII -vc 1 2ti 1 % I SO

RL (D) ( 1) 10 ( 5 ) Ulood - " - - Oroups (icca D UXINY 0 bObl 0 812)

frcqu~ncy d 01811 O L ) J ) 0 1871 ---- "----".. - ---""- Inblc 2 Lhl \rltmrc vllues for t l l t~rgrol~p comprtsan NrnonB ths ~ t u d t ~ d 8rouPJ -_I-- ---- -."..-"---_- +_I

Compared gronp

- --- X ' d r --- -- x ~ i d r . vclann x Toguta 7 3YllJ 0 0432 Velnlna x Dudekalb 4 2492 t) W4 Togala x Dudekuls 1 95711 00136 - - -

vell ln1 (16 3) q-0 1035) an1 Dldekuld (21 i d / q-0 1545) The 0 f~oup freql~cncy In lound to bi: hl&her l h ~ n A and B groups In ail th tllrce popltllt~ons s~uded The DIW

v ilues of all the three d?ta groups indlclllnb that those POPlllatlons Rre ui~der benrllc equtl~brlr~m ind i h ~ cornpuled Cbl sqaare v due3 foi tllc ADO blood g~oups revclls tllat there la a food igrcement belwec~~ obs~rv d nnd e~pccled Vilues III e~ch endogamous group Kcbd~d~ng Rh (0) pilenotype a~ ld gene f~cquet~c~ca of all tllc th~ce commuultles I l e 11ot showing much viriatiotl ln thew dtstr~bitt~on The calc~~lstcd Chi syoare vilues (Tnbie 2) lor the illtcrgrollp eonlparlson rcvenli atal~at~ully lnslg~ilR~nnt dlil~rcrce in boll1 r h ~ ADO l ad Rh (D) blood group chln ic len

The v1r111t1on observed i n q and r friqucn CILS 01 tlle picscl~t Velanln population with thot of thc Velallla aamplc (p-0 156 q=0 161 r - 4 681) rronl tlydernbnd (PADMA & MUnTllY 1974) muy be dab to l l ~ e hcterogelllous dlstrt l i u l ~on oStlieni i n two quite tl~ilerellt gLogln p h i c ~ l rigIan5 bcstd's severnl alll$r pel tlndnt l ~c to r s How vcr both the reglanai popllli (ton of tile $dmL caste Vclfllnl do not levcql any s t~ t t \ ~~c? l l y s ~ ~ n r l i c a ~ ~ t d1Kelence ( X -4 1205 ~1111 3 d f ) rnduatlng 1101nosc 11clty i n therr genetic coinposltloli A Stless

18 mldc liere to ooi~duct an ~ntcns~vc a l ~ d cxtelialvc denlogenetic atudles on these poPu atl lolls to drnw any mcan~ogful conelusons

AGKAWAL I I N ( 1 ~ 4 ) A short liote OII u SIII~Y ornno blued gloup I I c tnslc rcnstttvlil middle pl111111p~dl h v r nnd slcklcccll tr l l la aniolrg thc Wadn i%dlgel nf Andli~n Prn(Iesh IIuII A111Qrop Sllrv llldlu 11 Ill 111

BRN~TBIN r (1930) l,ort6cqct7tc Ulllcr nellllnbci~ aur dcr Thcor~e Der I I l i ~ t g ~ P pen 7 iriiluhr idxta~lmt a Ver~Wokre 56 233 237

OoUD J D (1977) Populorian Csnet(cS of J,w enrlugnrilo~rr i r~b i i l grutrp8 of Andilra Prndr~h ~h D TII~~IS 0~1lin111n Unlvcr My Hydernbd lndlu

N ~ m u I M V~rnanriu P & MUKHDlllnE D Y (1978) ADO blood groups nnd %!Iv~ secretion III Rcddlr i nd Knmnlas of Sauthcm Andh~a Irddcsh A111 J PhY Anlt~rop 48 $33 534

PADMA T & MURTNY 1 S (1974) Dlstf l blaon ot All0 blood brOUQS in Hydernbad population ind J Mcd Res 62 745 758

RhMACllhNDl~AlAll T (1961) A Clncllc S ~ U ~ Y of Lns hodis of AnrUira ?fades11 I / J D Tiiesid U n ~ v c n ~ l y ol' Dclhi 111dla

RAMhCIlANDnhl\ll T & RTDDY I UL1.I. A (1979) ABO blood groups nmallg the Oddes of Andhn Pladesh J I~ldldn Annop Yoc 14 281 284

REDDY RAM! V ~ U N A S U N D A R A M A K PAlA

[{no A & RAMAMMA K (1978) rho blood groups In Dnlljas of ~ I ~ I P R L I i l l d olllor Dop~Jafio~is of hndhra Przdcsi~ SouLb lnd~a Collr&~iirn Anrbropulu~lunl Z 206 21 1

SnTNURhMIN M (1979) A Gonclib S t u i / ~ ill

sly inhga~~~oua brluvt oj T l r i f ~ l t l S V Unrvtnily TIIIIP rtl lndla

Conlp Phnlol Ecol 1981 Yo1 8 NO 4 pp 27~10178

C LINE VARIATION IN THULE ENDOGAMOUS GllOUPS OF ANDHRA PRADESH (SOUTI-I INDIA)

V S DEEP K U M A R T RAMACHANDRAIAII & S NARA I I A R l

Dcparfrnenl of Piiyskal Allthropology

School oESoc~a l& B e l ~ a v ~ o u ~ a l Sclcncea

Sn Venkateswara Uruversrly TIRUPATI 517 502 Iudla

ABSTRACT

C line vartatlon among three cndopanous caste groups of Andhra Pradcsh prof@slng dtNeront ocoupattons reveal 8 prcpoodar~ ee of R~d la l tcrm~natiol~ in all of lhelr fenlalcserles (o~copt t b ~ Togala) with s~~ntficnnt b~manuol dlNcrenccs in bolh tilo Mxcs of Velama and in ManlVlli malcs and Togala fcmales and sex dtror nce lor tho Yelama In the Inter Group comparison lhc Mangali dtlTcl'signlClonnlly wilh bolli To~nla and Volarra only in remale sarlw

WTRODUCCION vurlatlon Surprisingly, 8 fcw studies are Palmar C 11ne is the mpst poly~norphio and available from I n d ~ a particularly from Andhra

IS of great use in tho evnluation of ethmc Pradesh that too o n Caste groups Therefore

Px R 7 48 I l l 21 ' 72 1 I4 X XI I 17 33 L 140' 4 12 d 84 t~ l4 X K1j 8 00

X R 186 1134 6 I' 5 I(! 2 " 4 00 L b 5 4 1752 I0 0 I I0 K hY 1600 - -- ----." --

I I l n d L 111 Square \&lacs lor her d~ f~ rencc (3 d f ) ---- -- - - --- R 10 10 111 3 31

R I-L 1640 - 2 a?. -- " 4 06

I ..I- b ex Chl Square vnluc~ for B~mourtl dll~~renca ((3 d f 1

I--

M 29 30 2243' 4 95 F 31 I7 5 89 8 84

Stnt~sl~cnlly s~gnliicnnt al 5% probability lev~l

hUbfA8 CT C LINE YARUTION IN INDO OhhlOUS LAST@ IN ANDII I \ \ ] [ 277

Tuhk 2 CIII Sqtciirc valucs for Inter group colnparlson

Complr~son Xz values w11h 3 d f

- Malcs rcmal~a M d l ~ s t t im ilcs - Velami X Manbill 7 2080 17 1326 J 5118

Stolisl~cally s~gn~ficant at 5 / probab~l~ty level

Tnblc 3 Symmetry and Asymmetry of the C line tcrmlnatlon

C a m b ~ Vrlorno Mnngali Tosaru

not~on M r M-lr M F M t P M I- M + b

Total 55 15 56 70 55 88 57 14 65 30 60 40 66 66 44 (10 56 36 - As)~rrnielrrca/

UR 28 04 14 43 21 57 27 21 19 39 24 08 13 33 22 67 17 57

UPX 280 722 4 9 0 476 7 1 4 572 6 6 7 1333 9 7 0

UX - 412 196 068 306 164 222 400 303

RPx 9 3 5 722 8 3 3 408 204 326 667 800 7 2 7 RX 4 6 7 1031 7 3 5 612 306 489 4 4 4 400 424

PxX - - - - - - - 400 182

Total 44 85 43 30 44 11 42 8$ 34 69 39 59 33 31 56 DO 43 64 - - Sex d~iTerencc (Xi with 1 d f ) Velaas-005 Mangall-1 64 Togata=8 $ S L

i

Stlctls~rcally ~/[mfltant a t 5h prababll~ty level

Ab\~nt 111 Yclaa~ I and lubul I alld l l l lb I L N ~ L ~ ~ L Y

seLllls ID b~ ( ~ U I I ~ I~ I I~L~LI I~ in inullt l l l (u>R> pxix) The b i l n t ~ r ~ l dialr~bellun 01

tlicre modal ~yp~sfnr lhr r levuls l11lI k f t ItlnJ sllows hrbtl~r ircqscncles of U l n ~ r Aba~ll[ lvpea th1111 the r lg l~ l ~11116 IIIL l~ll~f POSbLU a high ~ ~ L ~ I I C I I C ~ or Rad~ 11 l y p ~ in boll1 lll~ ofal l the th r~e ~ 1 s t ~ broups l h ~ l roxllnlll type 1s fouod $0 bo h ~ g l i ~ r III rial11 IIJIII 111111 tllc l ~ f t in all lhc fcrncllc actlei i n i ~ ~ l r d ~ l the mnlcs show auch t y p ~ oil ILII hilad lh l~n \LC r~bht exLeptlng the labdn in wliom Ihc brllitcrnl r n ~ l d ~ i ~ c c of 11 15 iyu?l I l lc ir~mnnanl ~II~CILIILL IS foilnd to h aldl~all~nlly ~I~III~~LUII~

~n both the sexcs of VC~UII~,IS und ollly In Mongnlr runles In the lnlcr Groclp c.omparl\ n (Tqhl~2) tllc Mungills dl l i i r rlbnlll~ulltly wllh bulh Vcluine and logu18 111 f ~ m u l ~ r i r l ts and ~ l s o IR co~nb~tk~d sex sLrles

I t IS cvldent 11111 t h ~ Minjial~s exlrib~l rcla tlvClY fl hlbh f r~quen~y o f rymmelry (15 JU, ) A glance at sex w~sc cnc~dcocc of th~s p8ltcrll lndlcnlc that ~CIIIII~CS POS~CSS n~ore ~yrn~neiriml hands then tlie malls WII~ an crcepllon l o Tobala Thc trend &ems to bc UU*KK> I XPx> XX In Yelama UU> RR> XXc pxpx

III h l i i1~111 J 1 I \ \Y in labnll Inlonk 111 III llc. {L! IL\ H IIIIL In f ~ ~ i i u l c s e ~ ~ ~ ~ I1 i1I( UU \'. ill VCIJIIII 0114 10p11t1 1111 1<1t' I rf 8 XY l o blunhl l~ I t 1s lotcr i l i l t1 l o IIIIIL tb Il I)II~IIICIIILIII ~ o n ~ b i n e t ~ o ~ ~ f I ruxlin 11 I)[ L I* LIIIIIIIILIIIY l~bbent 111 l i t f ~ ~ a I r $ of V~l i r ln I 111111 Io i i l lu hul ocmirswlth I low IIL~ULIILY III M IIII 111 I~UWLVCI IIICSCX dill rifibc IS 11 1111tl 10 IIL ~IIIIsII~III~~ slgnificnnl Ill ~ l l b l l ~ l \ ~ l l l y ( ? ~ b l l 3)

Dlrlo C C (lY70) talymorph~sm of lhc C l l ~ i c of I u1111ur U i t ~ i i ~ ~ ~ g l y p h l ~ s ~11118 ncw ~ l u ~ r r l ~ u ~ l ~ o t ~ 01 111~ C Ilnc lclmlw Ilr ns -Am J 1 his drrtlrroy 33 (311 413 4IY

PALMAR r LINF VARlATION AMONG THC TELUGU AND TAMIL WEAVER COMMUNXTlrS OF ANDIlIRA PllADrSH

Abrtnct

T h /ficldcnc2affottr nodal /?pet itrdcpt ~ad101 typd) wm/o~nd,o be h/&r on jhe (efl!Jallnf t h ~ l l the rMl among the mule ond lbefeoiair o j b o l ~ the cas,e broupj f i e b ~ m a l l u ~ l d!fcrenre was found 10 be statist(ca(ly ~ i g n ~ c ~ ~ t but (be ,yxtxrcol ,jffCrenCL I f l le r t rou~ conlpariJon~ r~vtol slallsrkolly slgfllfcanr d~ffirpnas h the ocelrrrnce of typu 0fC llne termlna(lons

l(ey words C llne defermlna~lons A~~dhm Pr~dtsh

INTRODUCTlON Dcrmatoglyphlc features are axtonstvely employad rn the etudy of cthn~o varlntioa

and in t h ~ avaluahon of degree of ofnllallon betweon populotlons The tcrmlnatlon of Palmat main line C i s arle o f tba Derrnetoglypb~c tralts cmplogad to t luc~dalc the tlltnio var~stlon in terms of transversailly of fldeas on 166 palm 11 was tint pohtcd out by Rife (1960 1968) and later Dlato (1910) suggested a fourfold clnsslficnl~on regarding the C Itno tarninatlons Bhathohnrya (1911) atudled G l ~ n c tcmllnat~od wlth the help o f a throe co ordiaatb graph Alrhougb there ara sever~i investigolions available on this l1n6 f a dif$rea( population groups of India smoe a deandm (Bensnl and Bhattncliarya 1972 Tyegi and Masaldan 1974 Cbakravarly 19761 Nara tlnr! 61 al 1978 Ghofh and MukborJea 1980 Nara Hari 19801 but suoh types studies are vary meagre from tho stales of Andbra prsdesh and Tamil Nadu Hcnco the prerent paper makm 85 aMompt to study tha varlet~on in palmar C line tctmlnationa among the two d~flerant Iin8uibti0 weaver oommunitces viz Davnnga Tcluguapcaklna and Songuad Mudallart Tam11 gp&ag group of Andbra Pradbsh whloh s rc hitherto u~teporkd

The two grat~pt bvanga and Sengund Mudalinl Poloog~oB to timllaf eoolJ hslretohy and rp~akrag dilleraat ianguaget but f~llowl88 tho sumo prateaBlon W W V I ~ S fall

-- v 9 D~~ ~~~~p ~ l s c ~ g o h Sobolar Department of PhylieQt AnlbropolO~yt 9 v uaiV*lll~ T[rupati and Dr T ~~mn~hmdra l ab i~

'' INDIAN 'OURNAL Up PflY8ICAL ANTHROpOLOOy AND HUMAN C(EBMIC8

under the same c ~ t e g o r ~ of artisan oommuiirtres nuioug 1116 lIlndus M O S ~ of them arc even today follow wcavlng as thclr t rad~t~onal occupat~on Broadly speaking there art five dlvislons among the TL\UEU speoklng wcavrrs vlz Pattu Salay Jendra Padma Salty Podma Salav 1hokaln Voern Ksbatriya and Dcvaoga while there are alx lr Tam11 speaklog wcavcrsvtz Scngund Mudal~ir (Kn~kalar) Scringar Jcodravar Saliar Sedan and Selu~an Each dlvcsloa of the oammuo~ry follow strict cnd~gamy and bencc considered as a Mendellan 18olnte I h e preueut lnvestigat~on IS confined to the Dovangar and Sengund lMudallars

MATBRIAL AND METHOD ~i lnteral inked palmar prrnts from 402 unrelated rnd~v~duals bclongrng lo twr

wdaver communrt~eu Utvaoga (112 M+92 F) and Scngund Mudalrar (142 M+ 56 r) wort oollccled from seven places in Nclloro and Cb~ttoor dlstrrcls of Andhra Pradesll Tho teohniques as suggested by Cummlns and M~dlo (1961) acre folloacd in tho collecllon o data Plalo s (1970) four fold cia sifiration of C llne termlaatlon Y I Z Ulnar (U) Rad~a (R) Proxrmsl (Px) and Absent (X) was followtd m the anal}srsofdaln The Chr squarr values are computed according to Woall (1957) nnd the probabrl~ty levels were recorded from the Pisbtr and Yatcs (1953) tables at 5 / level lo show the signifiunce

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The frequenoy dlstr~bution of C line model typos and compulrd Chi square veluc~ among tho Devangas and Scngund Mudal~arg are shown In Tablcs 1 and 2 It Is observed from these tables that the Radlal type 1s found to occur more frequcnlly on the right hand than the left whllc tha Ulnar type shows Q reverse trend in both the sexes of both thc ondogarnous groups The frequency of tormlI~atl~n of palnlar C 11nc as Rndlal typo occurs marc frequently in male 6frlCE ( $1 34/aud 4401h) ahrle tbc frequency of ulnol type 8llows a prtpondcrance alllong the female serles (1837,4 and 455411 of both the croups Howcvcr the pooled samplc of both tho soxcs in caoh group shows highci frequency of Redla1 type than Ulnar whilu the frcqucnoy of X modal type was found tc be h~gher t l ~ a n tho Px type but with lower voluOs thnn Lhc Radlal and Ulnar types found among both the groups studled Scngund Mudaliais are showing grtalcr value (12 88% of^ type than fpat or the value found in Devaagas (6 62b) SSltlstically signlflosnl blmanual drflerenoes were found in both the 6cxcs of both the groups whllc luslgn!ficno sen dlffaronoce have boca obsbrved in both lbc groups in tho frequency dlslribullon ~j

types of c line tormination Inter group comparisons reveal statl8tlcnll~ rlgnlficanl difference between the male serles as well as between the female scrlefl

~h~ dlstr~butron of bilateral symmetry and aeymmstry and Chi s¶uarB y a l ! ~ ~ for sen and group dtlferenccs (Tables 3 and 4) m both the communltlts inferred tbat tht males sre showlag a higher frequenca of aymmctricel comb~oatlonfl (74 1lb) than (b females (6739%) 1n Dovangas whlls it occurs in the revefffl order in tho Sengun1 Moda]iara (51 57 14h reaptct~vcly in ea lcs 6rd fcvalrs' P l v s n p s ale f o u r d t ~

C LlRB VARIATION I$ ANDRRA QRADESB 'I!

be more C llne aymmctrio (71 011) than the Ssngund Mudnllnrs (5302f l ThoMalo mrles show tba gradallon in the order of RR>UU>XX wh~le the femnle series show UU>RRZXX regard108 the eymmstrlcnl comb~nations of modnl types This trend 18

txpcoted boo useof the b~ghar frequenciesof Rad~al and Ulnor rnt dcl type9 found in mnies and femalr~ respecllvely i d both the groups The PxPx comb~notioo is found to bo absent m both the groups studled enccpt the Dcvanga fct~iales who ahow a very low frequdncy (O7( /) of I Tho computed ch quarc values reve~l ~oslpnlficant aex dllfcrencc In both the groups and slgnlficant dlflefence between the male serlrs as well as between tho pooled sample of both [be scncs of two groups for symmclr~col and ~SYfnmelrlcol combinat~oas o f Palmar C \hoe model types

I 4 INDIAN JOURNAL OP PHYSlCAL ANTHROPOLOOY AND HUMAN OBNETES XI 11

TABLE31 Bll t f Symm try azd vlmetv of c I m d I type amo g D va q a d Se g 3 M d 1 of A C h n Prrde~h

D - s d M d comb at M F M L F 'M F I-c. -

N N NO h N / NO / N /

UU 34 0 6 33 33 87 67 3 84 3 2 54 70 3, 71 52 26 6

symm t RR 4 m18 26 28 26 71 34 80 34 23 94 8 14 9 42 21 21

m-1 PXPX - - - - - - 1 0 7 0 - - 1 0 30

XX 4 3 7 3 3 76 7 3 43 6 4 23 4 7 1$ 10 5 05

T t 1 8 3 711 6 67 39 14 71 07 73 51 41 32 57 1 4 10 53 02

rr GP 17 15 19 21 2183 38 8 63 31 21 83 8 14 29 9 1970 C

0 89 - - t 0 49 3 2 11 3 5 6 6 e UPX I 3 03 DX

Amme UX 3 2 68 2 2 1 3 2.45 6 423 - - 6 < 303 > % 5 43 7 3 43 I 8 45 5 89 I 7 ?3

nal RPX 2 1 78 s 59 3 RV 6 5 3 2 2 17 8 3 9 34 986 7 1250 21 1061 =! PGX - - - - - - 3 2 I1 1 1 78 4 - 202

0 3-61 9 28 92 69 4% 9 24 4286 93 Z

Total 29 25 89 4698 > - 2 %Y e

TABLB4i Cbl aquar@valUC8 for group comparlaon~rogardl g total lymmatry and daymmelry - X -V luor w t h I d I

s x DV a~a In~r group mntparl~on JJ Mala XD Pcmal - I 1081 DMIIO x S M M s 0 0136141~ 9 M Mals X S M Fetnalc -0,301 D pemala us M pemalo - 15176

D [M+P) xS M IM.1.F) -11918g* - * ~IP~~I~ Ic I I IY IPOIO at &I 5 : lcvci 01 probnblllty wllh [l d I )

B h ~ n v , D V and Mnlhotrn K C 1972 dalmnr C t i n e polymorphtsm smang Gavdas of Goa and Ezhuvas of Kcrula Man In lt~dlo 5J (3) 261 267

nhuttacllarya D K 1971 Varint~on of C l ~ n c termination in Palmar Dcrrnatoglypblca three co ordlnste a s possible method of papulatlon d~sorlm~natton 1Ae Anrhro po lo~ l s l XVIIL(1 & 21 41 44

C h a k r ~ v u r t y S K I976 V instion In the tcrmlnation of Polymorphlns C line in pulmnr dcrrnntoylyphioa oC tho Khynnrlnm or Sh~llong J lnrllolt An1bro.n Svc 11 117 120

Cummlns H and C Midlo 1961 Plnger prints Palms snd Soles An Introduction lo Dcrrnatoblyphlw Dover Puhl~cdtlons Lrc New York

Ghosb, G C and Mukhrrjoc D P 19811 A alirdy on Pslmar C line polvmorphi m wllh spcclal r fersi~co lo thlrleen Ccntrsl lndtnn population8 Proc I 1 Annual C nlercace o j lS I lG Hydcrabad (A P )

N a r a h a r ~ S T R rrachondruiali und M Sttliuromati 1979 C llno polymorphism In two mbdl groups of Andnra Pradcsh Corsp Playsol Ecol 3 (1) 161 164

Narahe I S 19V0 lJalmar C lhne Polymorplilsm in ~ h r e c os t e groupa of Andhra Prndcsh Procr I~~lrrnatiooul Sy posrun 011 ~rrrnnroglyphlcs P~~tldld ( l nd~a )

Plnto C C 1970 Polymorl 11 sm 01 iho C 1106 I Pdlrnur d e r m a ~ o ~ i ~ p b ~ c a wltll s ocW cldralh ullon o f t h C l ln~tcr rn in llun Am J I-ilys Anthrop 3 (3) 413 419

R ~ l e D C 1568 FII per und P lmer Derm toglyph~cs in Som~nolo Ind lnn~ of Florida8 Am J Yilys A~lrlirop 23(1) 1 9 126 1968 Flngcr and P lmer ~c~ma tog lypb t c s in Pucrlo Rloans The Anlhropoloeln (Special volumc) 133 141

Tyagt D and Masoldan K 1971 C t i ne tormlnatlon polymurphtsm id Palmar Dcrmeto g lyph~cs lndtan Anthropologisl 4 (21 131 136

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT , T h e Arst author Is graleful to tho C S I R New Dclhi for awardrag Jun~or Researel

Followship during thc lonun, of wblch the present study IS carried out Thanks a r c du

to Sn Ponnuswsmy Mudallfir and M ~ s s K V Ramnlakahmi for (heir i m m t ~ # @ help u to operation during tho field w ~ r k -