additive manufacturing of leaky- wave antennas
TRANSCRIPT
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Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
Aurélie Dorlé, Raphaël Gillard, Esteban Menargues, Maarten Van Der Vorst, Emile De Rijk, Petronilo Martín-Iglesias and María García-Vigueras
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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IETR laboratoty
European Space Agency
SWISSto12
Context Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
• Definition and Properties
• Stereolithography
• Selective Laser Melting
• Comparison of the Processes
• Examples of Antennas
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
• Definition and Properties
• Stereolithography
• Selective Laser Melting
• Comparison of the Processes
• Examples of Antennas
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Additive Manufacturing groups the technics enabling to fabricate objects with a layer-by-layer process
Advantages
Definition of Additive Manufacturing
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Additive Manufacturing groups the technics enabling to fabricate objects with a layer-by-layer process
Advantages
Free-Form Manufacturing
Definition of Additive Manufacturing
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Additive Manufacturing groups the technics enabling to fabricate objects with a layer-by-layer process
Advantages
Free-Form Manufacturing
Monolithic Fabrication
Definition of Additive Manufacturing
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Additive Manufacturing groups the technics enabling to fabricate objects with a layer-by-layer process
Advantages
Free-Form Manufacturing
Monolithic Fabrication
Cost Saving
Definition of Additive Manufacturing
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Additive Manufacturing groups the technics enabling to fabricate objects with a layer-by-layer process
Advantages
Free-Form Manufacturing
Monolithic Fabrication
Cost Saving
Wide Choice of Materials
Definition of Additive Manufacturing
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Additive Manufacturing groups the technics enabling to fabricate objects with a layer-by-layer process
Advantages
Free-Form Manufacturing
Monolithic Fabrication
Cost Saving
Wide Choice of Materials
Precision and Tolerances?
Definition of Additive Manufacturing
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
• Definition and Properties
• Stereolithography
• Selective Laser Melting
• Comparison of the Processes
• Examples of Antennas
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Stereolithography (SLA)
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Building
platform
UV-Laser Scanning mirror
Vat containing
liquid polymer
UV-
transparent
layer
Built piece
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
• Definition and Properties
• Stereolithography
• Selective Laser Melting
• Comparison of the Processes
• Examples of Antennas
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Similar to DMLS
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Untreated
Metal Powder
Powder stock
Levelling roller
Building platform
High Power Laser
Scanning mirror Built piece
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
• Definition and Properties
• Stereolithography
• Selective Laser Melting
• Comparison of the Processes
• Examples of Antennas
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Comparison of SLA and SLM
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Property of the Device SLA SLM
Size Limited by the Machine
Weight Light Metal Parts
Robustness Low High
Thermal Handling No Yes
Precision of the Process 0.02 – 0.05 mm 0.05 – 0.15 mm
Roughness Low < 10 µm
High Corrected with Post-Processing
Porous Structure = Bad
Conductivity
Limitations Metallization Complexity No Closed Structure
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
• Definition and Properties
• Stereolithography
• Selective Laser Melting
• Comparison of the Processes
• Examples of Antennas
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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SLA and SLM Antennas
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Slotted array, SLA / DMLS,
[G. P. Le Sage, 2016, IEEE Access]
Bull’s-eye, Stereolithography (SLA), [U. Beaskoetxea, 2017,
IEEE TAP]
Horn Cluster, DMLS,
[M. Kilian, 2019, EuCAP]
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
• What is a Leaky-Wave Antenna?
• Single-Polarized Structure
• Dual-Polarized Structure
• Single-Polarized Array
• Circularly-Polarized Antenna
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
• What is a Leaky-Wave Antenna?
• Single-Polarized Structure
• Dual-Polarized Structure
• Single-Polarized Array
• Circularly-Polarized Antenna
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Guided structure which lets energy leak in a controlled way to get a desired radiation pattern
Complex propagation component: 𝑘𝑧/𝜌 𝜔 = 𝛽 𝜔 − 𝑗𝛼 𝜔 𝛼 𝜔 leakage rate : controls pattern shape, radiation efficiency 𝛽 𝜔 phase constant : controls pointing angle
What is a Leaky-Wave Antenna?
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Waveguide slit, single polarization, [C. Caloz, 2010, Leaky-Wave Antennas]
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
• What is a Leaky-Wave Antenna?
• Single-Polarized Structure
• Dual-Polarized Structure
• Single-Polarized Array
• Circularly-Polarized Antenna
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Single-Polarized Antenna Structure
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Tuning parameters: slot length and ridge height Full control of 𝛼𝑉 , 𝛽𝑉
z
x
y
Modulated ridge
a
𝐿𝐴
a t
Single V-polarization
[Sidelobe Level Reduction in Ridged Leaky Waveguide Through Stereolithography, A. Dorlé, 2019, EuCAP]
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Single-Polarized Antenna Performance
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Uniform antenna
Modulated ridged antenna
Radiation pattern (dB), Φ=90° plane,
30 GHz
SLL reduction of 7 dB
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SLL (dB), Φ=90° plane
Single-Polarized Antenna Measurement
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Radiation pattern (dB), Φ=90° plane, 30 GHz
30 GHz
𝐿𝐴 = 10.8𝜆
Matched below – 10 dB between 26.5 and 40 GHz
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
• What is a Leaky-Wave Antenna?
• Single-Polarized Structure
• Dual-Polarized Structure
• Single-Polarized Array
• Circularly-Polarized Antenna
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Tuning parameters: slots lengths and ridges heights Full control of
𝛼𝑉 , 𝛽𝑉 , 𝛼𝐻 , 𝛽𝐻
y
x
z
𝐿𝐴
OMT
z
x
y
Modulated ridges
a
𝐿𝐴
a
t
Dual-linear polarization
Dual-Polarized Antenna Structure
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
[Additive Manufacturing of Modulated Triple-Ridge Leaky-Wave Antenna, A. Dorlé, 2018, IEEE AWPL]
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Dual-Polarized Antenna Measurement
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
Radiation pattern (dB), Φ=90° plane
H-port V-port
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Dual-Polarized Antenna Measurement
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
23.28 GHz
Iridium ISL band
𝐿𝐴 = 15.83𝜆
Matched below – 10 dB from 22.3 to 25.2 GHz
Isolation better than – 40 dB
𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥𝐻 = 18.22 dB
0.17 < simulation
𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑉 = 17.84 dB
0.31 < simulation
SLL (dB), Φ=90° plane
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
• What is a Leaky-Wave Antenna?
• Single-Polarized Structure
• Dual-Polarized Structure
• Single-Polarized Array
• Circularly-Polarized Antenna
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Single-Polarized Array Structure
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Single-Polarized Array Measurement
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
20 GHz
𝐿𝐴 = 10.8𝜆
Additional adaptive metal short circuit plate
Matched below – 10 dB
From 19 to 22 GHz with CC plate
From 18.5 to 22 GHz with open end
𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑉 = 27.6 dB with CC plate
0.2 > simulation
Radiation pattern (dB), Φ=90° plane – RED
Radiation pattern(dB), Array plane – GREEN
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
• What is a Leaky-Wave Antenna?
• Single-Polarized Structure
• Dual-Polarized Structure
• Single-Polarized Array
• Circularly-Polarized Antenna
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Outline
1. Context
2. Additive Manufacturing
3. Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
4. Conclusion and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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SLA and SLM enable to print 3-D complex structures in monolithic pieces, avoiding bulky assemblies and their drawbacks. Measured antenna prototypes confirm the enhanced performances at microwave frequencies thanks to AM.
The proposed topology allows for polarization versatility with independant control of the two leaky waves.
To go further: dual-band, compact radiators, low coupling arrays.
Conclusions and Perspectives
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020
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Additive Manufacturing of Leaky-Wave Antennas
Aurélie Dorlé, Raphaël Gillard, Esteban Menargues, Maarten Van Der Vorst, Emile De Rijk, Petronilo Martín-Iglesias and María García-Vigueras
RF Payloads and Technology - Final Presentation Days 2020 – 22/01/2020