additional data evaluation of the daphnia toximeter and its benefits arco wagenvoort & corina...
TRANSCRIPT
- Slide 1
- Additional Data Evaluation of the Daphnia Toximeter and its Benefits Arco Wagenvoort & Corina Carpentier AquaLife Workshop, Kiel, Germany 31 st May 2010
- Slide 2
- Introduction History of alarm detectors Evaluation in addition to Hinkley and Gradient detectors insight into types of changes Examples of advanced data evaluation and assessment of alarm situations
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- History: The Daphnia Test Alarm: activity below lower alarm threshold Upper alarm threshold unusable: drift, insensitive
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- Drift: growth leads to an increase of average swim speed
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- Improvements Daphnia Test ALARM: activity below lower alarm threshold Upper alarm threshold unusable: drift, insensitive 1994 - introduction of Hinkley detector ALARM: response to sudden changes 1999 - introduction of two gradient detectors relatively slow rise or fall in parameter values
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- Hinkley detector and gradient detectors
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- Data evaluation based on changes compared to previous data-points De Hoogh-Carpentier et al. (2006) and Wagenvoort et al. (2006): standardisation and quality assurance protocols introduction of size-based alarm thresholds and a mortality parameter to explain the action mode of chemicals (in use since 2004) ADVANCED DATA EVALUATION
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- Size-based data evaluation Standardisation: use of animals of the same age (24 - 48 h) Growth after (simultaneous) moulting Larger animals show a greater swim speed range
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- Noise of signal increases with size
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- Normal values derived for Keizersveer Monitoring Station
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- Normal growth pattern of Daphnia Size of Daphnia Number of Daphnia
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- Growth: indicator for Daphnia well-being Alarm situation at Eijsden Monitoring Station
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- Size-based data-evaluation: summary Comparison to absolute values for swim speed Early detection of technical malfunction (e.g. clogging of feeding tubes) Indication of Daphnia well-being in general Explanation of action mode of chemicals that cause alarms: hyperactivity paralysis
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- Example 2004/2005 : increased swim speed and mortality caused by 3-cyclohexyl-1,1- dimethylurea De Hoogh-Carpentier et al. (2006)
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- Example 2004/2005 : increased swim speed and mortality caused by 3-cyclohexyl-1,1- dimethylurea
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- Example 2007: increased swim speed and mortality caused by chlorpyrifos and diazinon Wagenvoort et al. (2010)
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- Determination of the end of an alarm The decrease in the Toxic Index does NOT mean that the alarm situation is over!
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- Example 2007: spill of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in River Meuse by Chimac- Agriphar near Liege Mortality of replaced Daphnia
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- Advanced data evaluation: recent results from the River Meuse
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- Advanced data evaluation for the River Meuse Period: Eijsden: 2007 Beegden: 2009 Keijzersveer: 2007-2009
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- Advanced data evaluation - summary Results of the Daphnia Toximeter are reliable and reproducible Quality assurance protocols reduce number of false positive alarms Use of size-based alarm limits and individual parameter assessments provide: earlier response indication of action mode of chemicals Evaluation method shows more alarms, but almost always the causes can be found
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- Thank you for your attention Acknowledgement: Colleagues at Eijsden, Beegden and Keizersveer Monitoring Stations in NL Arco Wagenvoort & Corina Carpentier AquaLife Workshop, Kiel, Germany 31 st May 2010