addendum to environmental impact assessment (eia) … addendum 1 for 3.00 km.pdf · s.h:...

GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

PAKHTUNKHWA HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY

PESHAWAR

UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF ROAD

FROM SHARIFABAD TO KANJU

S.H: UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF 3.0 km

ADDITIONAL LENGTH

EMERGENCY ROADS RECOVERY PROJECT (ERRP)

FOR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

ADDENDUM TO

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT

AUGUST 2012

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Overview ...................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Implementation ......................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Project Classification ................................................................................................ 8 1.4 Overview of the EIA .................................................................................................. 8

2.0 Policy, Law and Protocols ............................................................................................ 11 3.0 Description of the Project ............................................................................................. 12

3.1 Location .................................................................................................................. 12 3.2 Road Length ........................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Existing Road Dimensions ...................................................................................... 12 3.4 Drainage Structures ................................................................................................ 12 3.5 Link Roads ............................................................................................................. 12 3.6 Scope of Work ........................................................................................................ 13 3.7 Length–wise Description of the Project ................................................................... 13 3.8 Existing Road Condition ......................................................................................... 13 3.9 Design Criteria ........................................................................................................ 14 3.10 Work and Material .................................................................................................. 14

3.10.1 Estimated Work / Major Work Items ............................................................... 14

3.10.2 Materials Requirement ................................................................................... 15

3.11 Raw Material Availability ......................................................................................... 18 3.12 Machinery to be used ............................................................................................. 18 3.13 Equipment and Installations .................................................................................... 19 3.14 Construction Schedule............................................................................................ 19 3.15 Construction Logistics ............................................................................................ 19

3.15.1 Work Base ..................................................................................................... 19

3.15.2 Labor Supply .................................................................................................. 20

3.15.3 Labor Camps ................................................................................................. 20

3.15.4 Machinery Maintenance and Equipment Yards .............................................. 20

3.15.5 Material Depots .............................................................................................. 20

3.15.6 Machinery Repair Workshops ........................................................................ 20

3.15.7 Approach to Work Bases ............................................................................... 20

3.15.8 Petrol Pump and CNG Pump ......................................................................... 21

3.15.9 Camp Offices ................................................................................................. 21

3.15.10 Security Arrangements .................................................................................. 21

3.15.11 Healthcare ..................................................................................................... 21

3.15.12 Labor Reporting Office ................................................................................... 21

3.15.13 Labor Transport ............................................................................................. 21

3.15.14 Work Uniform and Health Safety Equipment .................................................. 21

3.15.15 Signage ......................................................................................................... 22

3.15.16 Lighting and Illumination ................................................................................ 22

3.16 Safe Design Criteria ............................................................................................... 22 3.17 Estimated Project Cost ........................................................................................... 22

4.0 Baseline Study of Project Area ..................................................................................... 23 5.0 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures ....................................... 24

5.1 Explanation of Impact Assessment ......................................................................... 24 5.1.1 Site for Disposal of Waste Construction Material ........................................... 24

3

5.1.2 Location of Labor Camps, Material Depots, Equipment Yards and Approach

Roads ............................................................................................................ 24

5.1.3 Contamination from Diesel and Other Oil Spills from Construction Machinery 24

5.1.4 Damage to Roads, Cross Drainages .............................................................. 25

5.1.5 Release of Construction Water and Dumping of Soil ...................................... 25

5.1.6 Impact of Borrowing Material from Earth Borrow Sites ................................... 25

5.1.7 Impact on Roads/Infrastructure used for Transport of construction Materials

including Asphalt, Bitumen ............................................................................. 25

5.1.8 Impact of Stone Quarrying ............................................................................. 26

5.1.9 Impacts on Surface Water .............................................................................. 26

5.1.10 Source of Drinking Water ............................................................................... 26

5.1.11 Protection of Construction Work from Floods ................................................. 26

5.1.12 Effect on Surface Flow Conditions ................................................................. 27

5.1.13 Dust and gaseous Emissions from Construction Machinery or Asphalt Plants 27

5.1.14 Noise ............................................................................................................. 27

5.1.15 Impact on any Stream or Water Body ............................................................ 27

5.1.16 Damage to Fish and Fisheries ....................................................................... 28

5.1.17 Loss of Structures .......................................................................................... 28

5.1.18 Removal of Trees........................................................................................... 28

5.1.19 Acquisition of Land......................................................................................... 28

5.1.20 Temporary Land Acquisition .......................................................................... 29

5.1.21 Infrastructure within RoW ............................................................................... 29

6.0 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (ESMP) ...................................................... 31 6.1 Institutional Arrangements ...................................................................................... 31 6.2 Mitigation Plans ...................................................................................................... 32 6.3 Environmental Monitoring ....................................................................................... 49

6.3.1 Compliance Monitoring .................................................................................. 49

6.3.2 Effects Monitoring .......................................................................................... 49

6.3.3 Third Party Monitoring .................................................................................... 49

6.4 Environmental and Social Management Budget ..................................................... 49

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure ‎1.1: Project Area Location 9

Figure ‎1.2: Project Location 10

Figure ‎3.1: Pictorial View of Project Road 14

Figure ‎3.2: Typical Cross Section of Road in Built-up Area 16

Figure ‎3.3: Typical Cross Section of Road In Rural Area 17

Figure ‎6.1: organogram for implementation of emp 32

LIST OF TABLES

Table ‎3.1: Key Project Features / Structures 12

Table ‎3.2: Main Features along the Alignment 13

Table ‎3.3: Design Criteria 14

Table ‎3.4: Estimated Work 15

Table ‎3.5: Construction Material Requirement 15

Table ‎3.6: Raw Material Availability 18

Table ‎3.7: Machinery Requirement 19

Table ‎3.8: Equipment and Installation 19

Table ‎3.9: Illustrative Distribution of Labor 20

Table ‎6.1: Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase 32

Table ‎6.2: Social Impacts 42

Table ‎6.3: Operational Phase 48

Table ‎6.4: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management 49

5

LIST OF ACRONYMS

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ACE Associated Consulting Engineers

ACI American Concrete Institute

ADB Asian Development Bank

AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

ASTM American Society for Testing and Material

BHU Basic Health Unit

BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand

BOQ Bill of Quantities

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

COI Corridor of Impact

DDE Deputy Director Environment

DEMM Donors Environmental Monitoring Mission

EA Environmental Assessment

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return

EMMP Environment Mitigation and Monitoring Plan

EMP Environment Management Plan

EPC Environmental Protection Council

ESC Environmental Supervision Consultant

FHA Frontier Highways Authority

FIDIC Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils

(International Federation of Consulting Engineers)

GoKP Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

GoP Government of Pakistan

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HSE Health Safety Equipment

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

IEM Independent Environmental Monitor

ISMZ Indus Suture Melange Zone

JUI Jamiat–i–Ulmai–Islam

KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MBT Main Boundary Thrust

MDTF Multi Donor Trust Fund

MMT Main Mantle Thrust

NCS National Conservation Strategy

NDIR Non Dispersive Infra Red

NEQs National Environment Quality Standards

NGOs Non–Government Organizations

NHA National Highway Authority

NOC No Objection Certificate

NWFP North West Frontier Province

O&M Operation and Maintenance

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OP Operational Policy

Pak–EPA Pakistan Environment Protection Agency

PCO Public Call Office

PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency

PEPC Pakistan Environment Protection Council

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PKR Pak Rupees

PkHA Pakhtunkhwa Highways Authority

PM Project Manager

PMC Project Management

PMAP Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party

PML Pakistan Muslim League

PPC Pakistan Penal Code

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

PPP Pakistan People’s Party

PR Public Relations

PSDP Public Sector Development Project

PSQCA Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority

PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Limited

PTV Pakistan Television

RE Resident Engineer

RoW Right of Way

SFA Social Framework Agreement

SPM Suspended Particulate Matter

UBC Uniform Building Code

VOC Vehicle Operating Cost

WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority

WB World Bank

WHO World Health Organization

XEN Executive Engineer

7

1.0 Introduction

This document presents the Environmental Impact Assessment of the additional 3.0 km

long segment of Sharifabad - Dadahara Road, which runs almost parallel to River Swat

on its right bank, in Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan.

The EIA for the 10.5 km long Sharif Abad to Kanju Road of the Chakdara - Kanju Road

has already been approved by the EPA and an NOC has been issued in the month of

July 2011 in this regard.

Hence this document may be treated as an addendum to the existing EIA approved by

EPA.

1.1 Project Overview

Road from Chakdara to Madyan was completely destroyed over a length of 95 km due

to activities of insurgents and counter action by Pakistan Army. Of that the World Bank

agreed to finance the upgradation and rehabilitation of a section from km-30+424 to km-

40+924, a length of 10.5 km from Sharifabad to Kanju. The design, execution and

supervision of this road have been entrusted to Pakhtunkhwa Highways Authority

(PkHA) at a cost of Rs. 680.33 Million. The 10.5 km section (from Sharif Abad to Kanju)

of the Chakdara - Kanju Road is already under up gradation and rehabilitation and 60%

of the project has been completed.

During the original survey for resettlement it was found that around 200 houses,

shops, and boundary walls etc. mostly in the towns of Kabal, Aligrama and Kanju had to

be partially/mostly damaged or demolished. However, due to non-availability of space

for relocation of houses and businesses around the mentioned towns, the rehabilitation

works have now been restricted to the construction corridor instead of the ROW as

originally planned within the urban areas so as to have minimum negative impacts on

public/private buildings and valuable assets. This decision helped in minimizing negative

impacts of road construction on one hand and savings on the other. Extensive savings

resulted in the amount earmarked for land acquisition, resettlement, allowances to the

APs and utilities shifting.

Similarly, substantial savings in the amount reserved for civil works has been achieved.

The above savings will be used in the up gradation and rehabilitation of additional 3.00

km length.

(see location maps in Figures – 1.1 and 1.2).

8

1.2 Implementation

Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara – Madyan Road is sponsored by Government

of KP (GoKP) with the financial assistance of the World Bank (WB) through Multi Donor

Trust Fund (MDTF) and the work is in full swing.

The additional three km segment of the road from Sharifabad to Dadahara will be

upgraded and rehabilitated with the savings achieved in the amounts earmarked for

resettlement and civil works for Sharifabad - Kanju Road and no additional funds will be

required for up gradation and rehabilitation of these three km.

For further details, please refer to the main EIA report of Sharifabad - Kanju Road.

1.3 Project Classification

The project only involves up gradation and rehabilitation of an existing road along an

existing route of 3.00 km with no major changes in the Right of Way (RoW) of road in an

area with little environmental and/or social sensitivity. Therefore, the project falls in

Category “B” according to the World Bank’s Operational Policies.

1.4 Overview of the EIA

As stated earlier, the EIA for the main project of Sharif Abad to Kanju Road has already

been approved by the EPA with an NOC issued in the month of July 2011.

For the preparation of the EIA report, data was collected through field surveys, public

consultation and literature research. Consultations were also carried out with the

stakeholders. Prior to preparation of the Environment Management Plan (EMP),

Screening and scoping of the study was carried out. Women consultations were carried

out to create a gender balance.

All related regulations and protocols were also discussed in that study.

Analysis of alternatives were discussed in detail in a separate chapter selecting the best

option of all

A comprehensive EMP was then prepared accompanied by an effective Environment

Management Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and supported by an institutional arrangement.

The total cost of managing the environmental aspects was worked out to be Pak Rs.

1.50 Million.

The EIA at the end showed that potentially negative impacts associated with the

proposed project were mostly moderate and reversible in nature, easily addressed with

the help of appropriately designed and effectively implemented mitigation measures

proposed in the report.

9

Figure 1.1: Project Area Location

Figure 1.2: Project Location

MADYAN

CHAKDARA

KANJU

SHARIFABAD MDTF Sponsored

Section Length: 10.5 Km.

DADAHARA

Additional Length: 3.0 km.

2.0 Policy, Law and Protocols

The policy framework, national legislation and international protocols applicable to the

Sharifabad - Kanju Road are also applicable to this project. The project is expected to

comply with the national legislation relating to environment in Pakistan and to obtain all

regulatory clearances required. The project at the same time has to conform to the

operational manuals of the donor and the environmental safeguards provided therein.

OP Description Actions

(OP 4.01) Environmental Assessment None of the potential impacts of the

project are likely to be large scale,

unprecedented and/or irreversible,

the project has been classified as

Category B

An EMP has been developed for the

mitigation of negative impacts

(OP 4.12) Involuntary Resettlement The resettlement impacts of the

project will be managed in

accordance with this OP and

addendum to Resettlement Action

Plan is under preparation.

(OP 4.36) Forestry None as OP 4.36 is not triggered

(OP 4.09) Pest Management None as OP 4.09 is not relevant

(OP 4.37) Safety of Dams None as OP 4.37 is not relevant

(OP 7.50) Projects on International

Waterways

None as OP 7.50 is not relevant

(OP 4.11) Cultural Property None as OP 7.50 is not unlikely

(OP 4.10) Indigenous People None as OP 4.10 is not triggered

(OP 7.60) Projects in Disputed Areas None as OP 7.60 is not relevant

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3.0 Description of the Project

3.1 Location

The road is located on the right bank of the River Swat in the Swat district of KP

province of Pakistan (see maps in Figures – 1.1 and 1.2).

3.2 Road Length

The 10.5 km long Sharifabad to Kanju section of road is financed by the World Bank.

The additional three km long segment will be upgraded and rehabilitated with the

assistance of savings in the main project.

3.3 Existing Road Dimensions

The existing RoW of the road is about 4.5 – 5.0 m wide. In consideration of proposed

widening of the road and envisaged protection works both for hillside and valley side

slopes, the RoW has been proposed to extend up to 12 m. However, to avoid the

resettlement issues, proposed RoW will be reduced up to the available space and even

at ribbon development areas, RoW may confined up to the existing RoW and road cross

section will be accommodated within the available space. (Source: Inception Report for

Upgradation / Rehabilitation of Road from Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River).

3.4 Drainage Structures

Key structures included in the project are given in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Key Project Features / Structures

Feature / Structure No / Description

Culverts/Bridges (total) 18

Covered Side Drain On both sides of road in built up area

Foot Path Covered side drain will be used as foot

path

3.5 Link Roads

Following are the main link roads which join the project road.

Near km 28+000 about 2.5 km before Sharifabad, a road from Ziarat and Suigally meets

with the project road.

At km 30+000, a road connects the Gaarhi village with project road.

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3.6 Scope of Work

The scope of work and proposed improvements of the selected reach under the

Rehabilitation / Upgradation of Chakdara – Madyan Road is described below:

A longitudinal drain has been proposed throughout the length of the section on

hill side. Provision of culverts at suitable locations has been made in the design

to carry the load of the hill side drain for their outfalls at the valley side.

A retaining wall will be provided on valley side to check the erosion of

embankment by the rains or failure of the slopes due to scouring or otherwise.

A guard rail will be provided for embankment heights greater than 3 m.

No particular public facilities have been proposed except road furniture and

signage.

Intersection of earthen/paved tracks will be improved.

3.7 Length–wise Description of the Project

Length wise description of features along the alignment is given in Table 3.2:

Table 3.2: Main Features along the Alignment

Chainage Description

1. km 27+424 - km 28+500

Agriculture land on both sides of the road

along with few settlements. The terrain of

area varies from flat to rolling.

2. km 28+500 - km 29+900

Narrow serpentine road passes through

small hills on one side and nullah on the

other. Rolling terrain with small hills on

left side of the road.

3. km 29+900 - km 30+424

The terrain of area changes from rolling

to flat. The surrounding open land is used

for agriculture.

3.8 Existing Road Condition

The existing road traverses through cultivated lands through plain and rolling terrain on

the Right Bank of River Swat. The existing road is narrow and in poor condition. This

section is about 3.00 Km in length and carries a little passenger and freight traffic.

Overall condition of the road is very poor to fair. Major distress includes: Raveling,

Cracking and Patching. Width of road is about 3.5 m at most location. This section from

km 27+424 to km 30+424 is single lane and in poor condition. The pictorial view of

project section is given in Figure 3.1.

14

Figure 3.1: Pictorial View of Project Road

The road with small hills on left side Winding road between fields with Sharifabad in background

3.9 Design Criteria

Design Criteria for horizontal and vertical alignment of project is given in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Design Criteria

Element / Design Parameter Unit

For Plain &

Rolling

Terrain

For Hilly

Terrain

For

Mountainous

Terrain

Design Speed km/h 80 55 40

Width of Travel Way m 7.3 7.3 7.3

Out Shoulder Width m 2.0 2.0 2.0

Inner Shoulder Width m 2.0 2.0 2.0

Cross–slope Carriageway % 2 2 2

Cross–slope Shoulders % 4 4 4

Maximum Gradient % 4 7 9

Super-elevation Run–off m 43 33 30

Source: PC-I for Upgradation / Rehabilitation of Road from Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat

River

The typical cross sections of project road for built up area and rural area are given in

Figures 3.2 and 3.3.

3.10 Work and Material

3.10.1 Estimated Work / Major Work Items

Estimated quantum of work involved in project is given in Table 3.4.

15

Table 3.4: Estimated Work

Works Quantity / Value

Road Length 3.0

Average Embankment Height 1.5

Bridges / Culverts 18

3.10.2 Materials Requirement

An estimate of quantities of different materials required for construction of project road is

given in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5: Construction Material Requirement

Material / Item Unit Quantity

Earth Work Excavation for Road and Structure

Works cubic meters 24,000

Formation of Embankment from Roadway

Excavation and Borrow Material cubic meters 63,000

Granular and Common Backfill for structures cubic meters 1,500

Granular Sub Base Course cubic meters 11,000

Aggregate Base Course cubic meters 2,500

Asphaltic Base course Plant Mix (Class–A) cubic meters 1,000

Asphaltic Concrete for Wearing Course (Class–B) cubic meters 120

Concrete cubic meters 3,000

Reinforcement Steel Ton 60

Figure 3.2: Typical Cross Section of Road in Built-up Area

Source: Design Drawings for Package-I, Phase-I, Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River

17

Figure 3.3: Typical Cross Section of Road In Rural Area

Source: Design Drawings for Package-I, Phase-I, Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River

3.11 Raw Material Availability

Sources of different raw materials required for construction are given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Raw Material Availability

Raw Material Availability

Borrow material Along the Road

Stones for retaining walls

and rip rap. km 29+000, km 36+500

Stone for sub-base,

aggregate base course,

asphalt courses

River Pit Run Gravel for sub-base, Dayar Shah

Crushing plant located near km 36+000 for

aggregate base courses and asphalt courses

Bitumen Refineries in Karachi or Rawalpindi

Asphalt Refineries in Karachi or Rawalpindi

Brick Mardan

Sand Sand of River Swat flood plain at km 24+500

Clean water for specific

uses. Swat River Water

Other water for compaction

and sprinkling. Seasonal nullahs crossing the road

Reinforcement Steel Nearby Market

G.I. Pipes Nearby Market

Cement Nearby factories

3.12 Machinery to be used

The machinery like graders, batching plants, asphalt mixing plants and others already

working on the project will be utilized as given in Table 3.7:

19

Table 3.7: Machinery Requirement

Machinery Quantity

Graders 1

Tractors 4

Vibratory Rollers 02

Asphalt Mixing Plants 1

Stone Crushers 1

Batching Plants 1

Water Bowsers/Sprinklers 4

Oil Tankers 1

Haulage Trucks 5

Excavators / Loaders 2

Small Vehicles 4

Dozer – D–9, D–10 2

Shift Roller 3

Asphalt Machine 1

3.13 Equipment and Installations

The equipment and installation already available on the project will be utilized as given

in Table 3.8:

Table 3.8: Equipment and Installation

Equipment / Installation Quantity

Fire Extinguishing Equipment 2

Electricity Generator 2

Water Pumping Equipment 2

Communication System 4

3.14 Construction Schedule

The construction / upgradation / rehabilitation of Sharifabad – Kanju road has

commenced in September 2011 and the work is due for completion by October 2013

with a completion time of two years. The additional length of three km will also be

completed within the completion time of the main project.

3.15 Construction Logistics

3.15.1 Work Base

The work base has been setup almost in the middle.

20

3.15.2 Labor Supply

The contractor will be contractually bound to employ maximum local people except for

jobs the local expertise is not available. The Table 3.9 gives an illustrative picture of the

labor employment.

Table 3.9: Illustrative Distribution of Labor

Type of Labor Local Non–local Total

Skilled 40 60 100%

Semiskilled 50 50 100%

Unskilled 100 0 100%

By and large the daily wage rates fixed by the local commissioner will be used.

3.15.3 Labor Camps

Labor camp is located in Kabal Township on Sharifabad – Kanju Road. Although a

majority of the labor force will come from local sources, they will get picked up and

dropped by contractor transport. Some unskilled, most semiskilled and skilled workers

may have to be brought in by contractor from far off towns who will live in camps. Due to

its location near the work base, the camp makes the work access easy to the camp

dwellers.

3.15.4 Machinery Maintenance and Equipment Yards

The machinery and equipment has been accommodated in the open yard available near

a petrol pump in km 33+000. The yard has enough storage and haulage space with

ample moving and working space. The yard is walled provided with ample security staff.

3.15.5 Material Depots

Near the work base, material depots for storing construction material with ample open

space for storing stones shingles and bricks have been established. Store keepers to

keep account of incoming and outgoing material have been deputed on these sites.

3.15.6 Machinery Repair Workshops

The contactor has established his own workshop for repair of vehicles and other similar

machinery at the Maintenance and Equipment Yards.

3.15.7 Approach to Work Bases

Since, the work base has been established close to the road under construction, so

already existing road provide easy access to the work base. Ample government land is

available on either side for the project road which is used for making supplementary

access road and paths to the work base.

21

3.15.8 Petrol Pump and CNG Pump

The machinery and equipment has been accommodated in the open yard available near

a petrol pump in km 33+000 which also helps in avoiding any delay in construction work

due to non-availability of diesel for his construction Machinery.

3.15.9 Camp Offices

Adjacent to labor camp and adjacent to work base, the contractor has located camp

offices in Kabal Township on Sharifabad – Kanju Road.

3.15.10 Security Arrangements

Given the prevailing condition in the area where project is to be implemented, necessary

security staff is necessary. Enough security is provided at Work Base, Labor Camp,

Material Store, Equipment Yards and location of the work in progress on the work site.

Coordination with nearby Police, Army and Levy Units has also been ensured.

3.15.11 Healthcare

With a large number of labor and employees working in the project of road construction,

small accidents are expected to take place on all construction sites. Healthcare

arrangements at site have been established by the contractor.

3.15.12 Labor Reporting Office

Along the road and in work bases special areas will be marked where the labor can

gather at the time of pick and drop, emergency or briefing and places will be clearly

marked and kept open and clean and as per requirement equipped with public address

system.

3.15.13 Labor Transport

Arrangements will be made to pick and drop local labor every day. It will help them to

spend nights of their households and render some services at home. This will also keep

the camps less pressurized and manageable.

3.15.14 Work Uniform and Health Safety Equipment

Road construction is a special job and the labor working on such work requires special

protective uniforms and special HSE measures. It will be ensured that the labor engaged

in breaking of stones, handling bricks, mixing concrete or mixing and laying asphalt will

have long boots overall dresses, goggles and safety hats. As an overall HSE measure

anyone going into the construction area will also wear safety hat.

22

3.15.15 Signage

During construction on construction site in particular and on the entire road length in

general, suitable signboards and traffic signs will be displayed at all along the length of

the project road. This will help in forestalling any possible accidents.

3.15.16 Lighting and Illumination

Suitable lighting arrangement will be made by the contractor over all work basis, work

sites, camp sites machinery yard and material depots. This can help the contractor for

extended working hours as well as security. If WAPDA electric supply is not available,

electricity generators will have to be arranged on all spots where lighting is required.

3.16 Safe Design Criteria

To meet international standards envisaged by the World Bank, the following design

criteria have been adopted in the project:

Geometric Design : AASHTO

Material Testing : ASTM

Structure : ACI

Structure Loads : Class A – AA as per FHA approval

Seismic Design : UBC 97 and SIS Building Code based

on Seismic Study Zone Maps

Curve Widening : 0.6 to 1.6 depending upon length

3.17 Estimated Project Cost

Final design and drawings of the additional 3.00 km section have been finalized: These

3.00 km will be upgraded/rehabilitated within the financial assistance of Friends of

Pakistan through the World Bank to the tune of US$ 8.0 million which is equivalent to

about PKR. 680 million and no additional funds will be required.

23

4.0 Baseline Study of Project Area

The road section under the proposed project passes through comparatively flat valley.

The corridor is located in the watershed of Swat river which itself flows into the Kabul

river. Climatically the area has cold winter and relatively mild summers. Rainfall is mainly

received during monsoons and spring. The river Swat receives flash floods periodically.

Extremely cold winds blow during winters. Ambient air is generally clean.

No endangered species are reported in the selected reach of the section. No game

reserves and wildlife sanctuaries exist in the vicinity of Project Area. Common mammals

found in the area include Jackal, Fox, Porcupine, Jungle Cat, Hare, Rats, mice and other

rodent mammals. Domestic animals include goats, sheep, buffaloes and cows. Also

found on the higher snowy peaks are the wild mountain sheep (markhor, the national

animal of Pakistan), black and brown bear, panther and musk deer. Common reptiles in

the area include snakes, krait, frog, lizards. Scorpions and spider are other poisonous

creatures of the area.

No wetland lies within close vicinity of the Project corridor except Swat River which flows

all along the Project route. But it is not functioning as wet land due to high velocity and

absence of pounding actions.

Vegetation of the project area falls under humid–temperate latifoliate forest. Dominate

tree species consists of Chir. Shisham, Mulberry, Bakain, Eucalyptus, Rubinea and Kao

are the other varieties found in the project area. Fruit trees in Project Area include Apple,

Pear, Peaches, Walnut and Guava. Grasses consist of Nari, Lavindar, Deela, Trakla.

Rich ground flora of many herbs including vibrunum, lonicera. A number of medicinal

plants are found in the area including Tarkha (Artemizia species), Unab (Zizyphus

Sativa), Althea (Althaca Officinalis), Banafsha (Viola serpens), Mushki Bala (Valeriana

species) and Sufed (Aspargus species). No endangered floral species were reported in

the Project Area.

Swat River is endowed with Brown Trout Fish which is allowed to be caught by angling

under license from Fisheries Department.

There are no protected areas or endangered species in the area.

There is no industry in the area. Agriculture is restricted to comparatively flat areas or

terraces. Jirga system is still the most dependable social unit. Almost 100 percent

population is Muslims. Women form a less favored section of the society. Child labor is

common.

Further details of the baseline conditions are presented in the main EIA report.

24

5.0 Environmental Impact Assessment and

Mitigation Measures

5.1 Explanation of Impact Assessment

This section provides a brief explanation of key potential impacts suggesting mitigation

measures for the adverse impacts.

5.1.1 Site for Disposal of Waste Construction Material

Due to some cutting involved, there may be surplus earth or waste construction material

which needs disposal.

Mitigation

The construction waste material will be disposed off in allowed/approved selected barren

spots. No waste material will be thrown into the river or water bodies.

5.1.2 Location of Labor Camps, Material Depots, Equipment Yards and Approach

Roads

The labor camps, material depot, equipment yard and approach roads will be located on

state lands available on either side of the road.

Mitigation

The contractor will, in consultation with RE, select the location of all these facilities within

the state land, at least 250 m away from the communities.

5.1.3 Contamination from Diesel and Other Oil Spills from Construction Machinery

Any leakage or spillage of diesel, oil or any other chemical will contaminate the soil

which may in turn impact the water sources, nearby community and/or productive land.

Mitigation

Contractor will apply strict rules on his workers and labor to ensure that no spill or

leakages are caused. All fuels, oils and bitumen will be stored appropriately, with

concrete padding and bunding for containment in case of leakage. If the spills or

leakages do take place, it must be followed by the treatment prescribed in the EIA

report.

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5.1.4 Damage to Roads, Cross Drainages

Damage to roads, cross drainages can arise through carelessness of the heavy

machinery drivers or operators if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and

bound to be careful.

Mitigation

Contractor will impose strict control over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles to

minimize any damage to roads or structures. Should any damage take place, the

contractor will carry out repairs immediately.

5.1.5 Release of Construction Water and Dumping of Soil

Uncontrolled release of construction water or dumping of excess soil/rubbles can

destroy/damage the nearby structures, slopes, and private property, potentially leading

to significant damage.

Mitigation

The contractor will make arrangements to avoid such leakages, uncontrolled releases,

and dumping of soil/rubbles. Should such leakage develop, the contractor must remain

fully prepared to immediately control the discharge.

5.1.6 Impact of Borrowing Material from Earth Borrow Sites

A large quantity of earth will be removed from borrow pits located within the state land

on either side of the road. This can potentially cause slope instability, loss of soil/land

productivity, uneven terrain, and altered drainage.

Mitigation

The borrow areas will be selected after obtaining approval from the RE. The contractor

will ensure that the borrowing does not cause slope instability, loss of soil/land

productivity, uneven terrain, and altered drainage.

5.1.7 Impact on Roads/Infrastructure used for Transport of construction Materials

including Asphalt, Bitumen

Transport of construction machinery, construction material and construction workers will

cause additional wear and tear of the roads/infrastructure and raise considerable dust.

Mitigation

The contractor will be responsible to repair any damage caused to the local

infrastructure by the construction activities. Water sprinkling will be carried out where

necessary to minimize dust emissions.

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5.1.8 Impact of Stone Quarrying

Inappropriate quarrying practices can lead to unstable slopes, risk of landslides, loss of

top soil, and damage to the natural vegetation.

Mitigation

The government-approved quarry will be selected after obtaining approval from the RE.

It will be ensured that the quarrying does not significantly affect the slope stability, top

soil, and natural vegetation of the area.

5.1.9 Impacts on Surface Water

Inappropriate waste disposal can potentially contaminate the water bodies in turn

affecting the local communities and aquatic biodiversity.

Mitigation

No untreated effluents will be released to the environment. For the toilet waste, the

contractor will establish/install appropriate waste treatment system (such as septic tanks

and soaking pits) at the site facilities (offices, camps, others). The waste water from

kitchen and toilets can be released in soaking pits or used for plantation/water sprinkling.

Oily water must be passed through a settling tank.

5.1.10 Source of Drinking Water

The construction activities can potentially damage/affect the drinking water sources of

the communities. The usage of unsafe water by the construction workers can cause

health problems.

Mitigation

It will be ensured that the drinking water sources of the communities are not affected.

The contractor will repair/replace/compensate for any damages caused by the

construction activities.

The contractor will make arrangements to supply safe drinking water to its staff and

workers.

5.1.11 Protection of Construction Work from Floods

Floods and heavy rains can potentially affect the construction works.

Mitigation

A suitable flood warning system is required to alert the whole implementation unit to

adapt ways and means to adapt safeguards against flesh floods in the river or

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ephemeral streams. The contractor will make fool proof arrangements in advance to

protect the ongoing construction works from floods.

5.1.12 Effect on Surface Flow Conditions

The road can potentially affect and disrupt the drainage pattern of the area.

Mitigation

Design Engineer will ensure provision of appropriately sized side drains, to avoid

negative impacts on the local drainage pattern. Contractor will follow the design

specifications meticulously.

5.1.13 Dust and gaseous Emissions from Construction Machinery or Asphalt Plants

The construction activities and operation of vehicles and machinery will release exhaust

emissions and also raise dust.

Mitigation

The contractor will ensure that its vehicles, machinery, and generators are properly

designed and maintained, and comply with the applicable NEQS. The asphalt plant will

not be operated without properly functioning dust control system such as wet scrubber.

Water will be sprinkled where necessary to control the dust emissions.

5.1.14 Noise

The construction activities will generate noise, which can potentially affect the

communities, wildlife, and also the construction workers.

Mitigation

The contractor will strictly follow the NEQS for ambient noise.

5.1.15 Impact on any Stream or Water Body

Some stream or water bodies may be affected or blocked by construction of the road.

Mitigation

No dumping will be allowed in a stream or a water body. All streams running across the

road will have culverts or causeways. All streams running parallel to road will be

embanked.

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5.1.16 Damage to Fish and Fisheries

Inappropriate waste disposal in the river water can affect the aquatic fauna.

Mitigation

No untreated waste, excess soil, or garbage will be dumped in the river. River and

streams will not be blocked by the construction activities. No hunting, trapping, or fishing

by the construction workers will be allowed.

5.1.17 Loss of Structures

Althouhough people have encroached the government land within the three km long

Dadahara to Sharifabad, but due to availability of ample space for blacktopped road and

the policy of rehabilitation within the available corridor of construction, no structure will

be affected.

5.1.18 Removal of Trees

Total number of public/private fruit bearing / non fruit bearing trees falling within the

proposed RoW comes to about 200. The information in respect of number and

ownership of the trees by type will be submitted in the summarized form and details will

be provided in addendum to SIA report.

Compensation

A compensation will be paid to the owners in accordance with the procedures set out in

the addendum to SIA/Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).

Compensatory tree plantation will be carried out for Forest Department owned trees and

for each tree removed, five saplings will be planted. Depending upon the total number of

trees (as per SIA and RAP report), saplings will be planted by Forest Department for

which adequate provision will be made in the Budget. The Project will ensure

appropriate care and monitoring of this plantation.

5.1.19 Acquisition of Land

For geometric improvement of the road, land to the extent of 0.5 acre (4 kanals) will be

acquired. Most of the land is non agricultural. The details will be provided in addendum

to SIA report.

Compensation

Compensation will be paid to the owners in accordance with the procedures set out in

the addendum to SIA/Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).

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5.1.20 Temporary Land Acquisition

Land required for establishing contractor’s facilities including camp, workshop, plants,

borrowing earth material and dumping excess spoil will be acquired directly from private

landowners by the contractor. The provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 will not

be invoked under the proposed Project, as the acquisition of the land will be temporary

and will be covered by short–term lease agreements between the landowners and

contractors under the approval of the Project Engineer. Rental terms will have to be

negotiated to the satisfaction of the landowners concerned.

Compensation

The staff of the PKHA and supervisory Consultants will monitor the process of

restoration and ensure, through the terms of the construction contracts, that landowners

are compensated according to the terms of the lease agreements, and the restoration

actions agreed upon by the contractors are duly carried out. The photo–documentation

of the existing land prior to temporarily acquisition should be available, which will be

beneficial to resolve the restoration conflicts between the landowner and contractor.

Similarly, prior to the commencement of construction activities, the Contractor will carry

out base line survey for selecting the camp sites, dumping sites, public and

community/private owned utilities, in conformity with the requirements of SIA study. The

contractor will submit a development plan to the Engineer–in–charge, local government

and EPA (KP), for its scrutiny and approval.

Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable for borrow of earth material, the top 30

cm of the plough layer will be stripped and stockpiled for redressing the land after the

required borrow material has been removed. In case deep ditching is carried out, the top

1 m layer of the ditching will stripped and stockpiled. The ditch will initial filled with scrap

material from construction then leveled with the stockpiled topsoil to make it even with

the rest of the area. It shall be ensured that the scrap does not contain any material that

may produce obnoxious material that would contaminate soil or water resources.

Barren lands or valley side slopes will be used for dumping the excavated spoil material.

Appropriate sites have to be located along the road for this activity.

These facilities will be regularly monitored and cleaning activities implemented during

operation phase to improve the cross drainage facilities of area.

5.1.21 Infrastructure within RoW

No public infrastructures such as schools, hospitals or offices fall within RoW. However,

5 electric poles and 4 telephone poles falling within the RoW will be relocated through

their respective departments. Budgetary provisions for this activity have been made.

Mitigation

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The survey has revealed that construction of project will affect 4 telephone and 5 electric

Poles. The per unit relocation cost of these utilities were arrived at after having

discussions with the officials of these departments and are provided as under.

Electric Pole Rs. 35,000 per Unit

Telephone Pole Rs. 15,000 per Unit

Total cost of relocating the utilities works out to be Rs.235,000 (Rs. 175,000 for electric

poles and Rs. 60,000 for shifting of telephone poles).

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6.0 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan

(ESMP)

Main instrument of recognition of the Environmental Impact is the Environment

Management Plan (EMP). Implementation of the EMP will be the contractual obligation

of the Contractor. For that he will engage a full time technical staff capable of a carrying

out the prescriptions of the EMP as contractual obligations under the contract document.

The Engineering Supervision Consultants will have on their team a full time professional

level Environmental Expert to provide an overall professional cover to the environmental

monitoring process and the procedures and initiate required reports and point out any

gaps in the implementation of the mitigation measures or enforcement of the

prescriptions of the EMP. In KpHA there is an Environmentalist, which will monitor and

evaluate (M&E) application of environmental measures at detailed design, bidding and

construction stages. The result of M&E activities will be included as routine element of

reports prepared by the Project Manager for KpHA.

The monitoring program will comprise site inspection designed to determine contractor’s

compliance or otherwise with EMP and applicable regulations and statutes.

To assessment and address the social aspects of the project, a separate social

assessment has been conducted, during which social impacts and their mitigation have

been identified in detail. In addition, social impacts will be managed through the Social

Framework Agreement (SFA), which has been made amongst RE as representative of

the KpHA, the Contractor and the Communities living in the vicinity of the project area.

6.1 Institutional Arrangements

The existing organogram of the KpHA is already adequate (see Figure – 8.1) wherein a

Deputy Director Environment is already functioning. The Consultants will have a

professional level Environmental Expert on their panel.

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Figure 66.1: organogram for implementation of emp

6.2 Mitigation Plans

Table 66.1: Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase

Impact Mitigation Responsibility

Mitigation Measure

Contract and Social Framework Agreement

(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring

1. LAND RESOURCES

1.1 Site for disposal of waste construction material

Controlled disposal of the waste construction material on agreed site per agreed method. The area to be leveled and contoured after disposing excess material. No waste will be thrown in the river or other water bodies.

Contractor’s obligation as defined in the Tender and Contract Documents

Contractor in Collaboration with RE

Supervision Consultants through Environmentalist of supervision consultant (ESC)

(i) Deputy Director Environment (DDE) (ii) Independent Environmental Monitor (IEM) (iii) Donor’s Environmental Monitoring Mission (DEMM)

1.2 Landslides, or unstable soil

Local readjustments in foundation treatment or any other small changes will be allowed to the contractor by the Resident Engineer (RE). Contractor will make all arrangements to

Contractor’s obligation as defined in contract and the Tender document

Contractor and RE

ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM

Frontier Highway Authority

Donors Environmental Monitoring Mission

(DEMM)

Contractor’s Environmentalist

Contractor

Environmental Supervision Consultant

(ESC)

Deputy Director Environment (DDE)

Project Director

Independent Environment Monitor

(IEM)

Donor

Resident Engineer (RE)

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Mitigation Measure



avoid any land slide caused by the construction activities; remedial actions will be undertaken in case of any such slide.

1.3 Location of camps, materials, equipment and special approach routes and roads

The contractor will, in consultation with RE, select the location of all these facilities within the state land. The camp/other site facilities will be established on a flat land without much natural vegetation, at least 250 m away from the communities. Satellite imagery can also be used to select the suitable sites, to record the pre-construction conditions, and to monitor the condition of these sites during and after the construction phase.

Contractor’s obligations to locate these sites in agreement with RE as per contract and community obligation as per SFA

Contractor and RE


1.4 Any natural disasters such as heavy rains, floods and earthquakes

Contractor in consultation with RE and local community will resolve the issues, in the best interest of the FHA. Neither party will, however, be held responsible for any force majeure.

Contactor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract data and SFA with community

Contractor and RE


1.5 Rehabilitation of project extraction sites and storage materials

The borrow areas will be selected after obtaining approval from the RE. The contractor will ensure that the borrowing does not cause slope instability, loss of soil/land productivity, uneven terrain, and altered drainage. Wherever possible/necessary, these places will be leveled and planted

Contactor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract data

Contractor and RE


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Mitigation Measure



with trees using appropriate planting technology/methodology.

1.6 Stabilization of slopes on earth fill works

Appropriate design for protection and minimizing effects of cross flow of streams. Contractor to take all necessary measures for stabilization of slopes.

Preferably whole of problem ought to be mitigated through design For any further eventuality, it is contractor’s obligation to minimize the impact

Contractor and RE


1.7 Agriculture land destruction

Cuts, fills, digging and borrow operations to be controlled. Disposal of waste material to be controlled. any damage to the agriculture land and/or crops to be compensated.

Contractor’s obligations refrain from entering into unauthorized agricultural land to be defined in the contract document clearly. Also clause in SFA

Contractor and RE


1.8 Contamination from diesel and other spills from construction machinery

Contractor will apply strict rules on his workers and labor to ensure that no spill or leakages are caused. All fuels, oils and bitumen will be stored appropriately, with concrete padding and bunding for containment in case of leakage. The contractor will employ the general criteria for oil and leakage at construction sites, as per standards set forth by “Guide Lines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management” issued by International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Associate

Contractor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract data

Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM

1.9 Damage to Roads, Cross Drainages

Contractor will prepare standard operating procedures and impose strict control

Contract document and drawings to clearly spot such points and contract document may make it contractor’s obligations


35


Mitigation Measure



over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles to minimize any damage to roads or structures. Should any damage take place, the contractor will carry out repairs immediately. An effective sinology and a good traffic plan can reinforce the instructions to drivers.

to make temporary arrangements.

1.10 Earthen embankment or concrete work edge scouring on the Protection Bunds or on main sill structure

Edge scouring of earthen embankments or concrete work must first be dealt at design stage. Wherever such a situation is anticipated, aprons should be provided to secure edges and specifications must be kept of high standards. During the construction phase this aspect should be addressed through appropriate construction methodology and employing appropriate techniques such as protection walls and rip rap. Contractor will repair all damages to the earthen embankments, concrete works, or pavement edges caused by the construction works.

Contract document and drawings to indicate such spots and to make it contractor’s obligation to not to allow scouring.


1.11 Release of Construction Water and Dumping of Soil

The contractor will make adequate arrangements to avoid such leakages, uncontrolled releases, and dumping of soil/rubbles. Should

Provision in the Tender and contract documents and drawings


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Mitigation Measure



such leakage develop, the contractor must remain fully prepared to immediately control the discharge. The contractor will be liable to pay for or repair such damages.

1.12 Any Discharge, Spill or Dumping in Graveyards or Burials

The contractor will take all precautionary measures to forestall any uncontrolled release of effluents or dumping of soil/rubbles into any graveyards, shrine or any other religiously sensitive place. The contractor will be liable to repair and/or compensate any damage to such places caused by the construction activities.

Contract document, drawing and community obligation in Social Framework Agreement (SFA)

Contract and RE and Community


1.13 Any discharge spill or dumping onto any building or house on the bank of the road

It must be protected by a wall, retaining walls or rip–rap works as the case may be

Contract document and drawing


1.14. Impact on Roads/Infrastructure

The contractor will be responsible to repair any damage caused to the local infrastructure by the construction activities. Water sprinkling will be carried out where necessary to minimize dust emissions.



1.15. Impacts of stone quarrying

The government-approved quarry will be selected after obtaining approval from the RE. It will be ensured that the quarrying does not significantly affect the slope stability, top soil, and natural



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Mitigation Measure



vegetation of the area.

1.16. Soil Compaction due to Labor Camps and Machinery Yards

The contractor will restore the area under its temporary facilities. Photographs taken at the time of establishment of these facilities will be used for this purpose.



2. WATER RESOURCES

2.1 Impact of Sourcing of Construction Water

The contractor will procure water from a source approved by the RE, and if necessary, after obtaining the community consent. It will be ensured that this procurement of water does not negatively affect the communities or other water users.

Contract Documents and Contractor’s obligations


2.2 Diesel and other fluids spilling over to streams water from construction machinery

The contractor will make all necessary arrangement to avoid any leakages or spills of fuels, oils and chemicals. In case of any accidental leakages, the procedures presented in Section 7.2.5 of the main EIA will be applied

Contractor’s obligations to be clearly defined in contract document


2.3 Protection of construction work from flood river or any ephemeral streams

A suitable flood warning system is required to alert the whole implementation unit to adapt ways and means to adapt safeguards against flesh floods in the river or ephemeral streams. The contractor will make fool proof arrangements in advance to protect the ongoing construction works from floods, as per

Contractor’s obligation and drawings to keep contractor alert equipped against any such eventuality. He must be in touch with flood information centre.


38


Mitigation Measure



information received from the meteorological department or any other type of flood warning system.

2.4 Obstruction of flow of water across road

The road design will include adequately designed bridges and culverts at the appropriate locations. The contractor will ensure that these water bodies/water courses are not blocked during the construction phase.

Contractor’s obligation and coordination. Provisions in SFA to prepare communities.

Contract and RE XEN of the area


1.5. Impacts on Surface Water

No untreated effluents will be released to the environment. For the toilet waste, the contractor will establish/install appropriate waste treatment system (such as septic tanks and soaking pits – appropriately sized and located) at the site facilities (offices, camps, others). The waste water from kitchen and toilets can be released in soaking pits or used for plantation/water sprinkling. Oily water must be passed through a settling tank. The contractor will prepare a waste management plan and have it approved by the RE.



1.6. Source of Drinking Water

It will be ensured that the drinking water sources of the communities are not affected. The contractor will repair/replace/compensate for any damages caused by the construction



39


Mitigation Measure



activities.

1.7. Effect on Surface Flow Conditions

Design Engineer will ensure provision of appropriately sized side drains, to avoid negative impacts on the local drainage pattern. Contractor will follow the design specifications meticulously. During the construction phase, the contractor will make temporary drains and embankments where necessary to channel the runoff appropriately.



3. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE POLLUTION

3.1 Dust and smoke and other potential pollutants from construction machinery

The contractor will ensure that its vehicles, machinery, and generators are properly designed and maintained, and comply with the applicable NEQS. The asphalt plant will not be operated without properly functioning dust control system such as wet scrubber. Water will be sprinkled where necessary to control the dust emissions.

Contractor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract documents


3.2 Dust or other pollutants from stored materials and spoil heaps

The material being transported or stored at the stockpiles will be kept covered where necessary to avoid dust emissions.



3.3 Smoke from burning of waste materials or burning of firewood in the labor camp.

The contractor will use clean and smoke free fuel in the labor camp. Cutting and burning trees / shrubs for fuel will be prohibited. Instead gas cylinders

Contractor’s obligation defined in contract and Tender documents to refrain from burning waste material and fuelwood and to provide substitute for fuelwood e.g. gas cylinders


40


Mitigation Measure



should be used in the labor camp for cooking purposes. Similarly waste burning will not be allowed. The contractor will prepare waste management plan and have it approved by the RE.

3.4 Noise control from use of old or outdated machinery

The contractor will strictly follow the NEQS for ambient noise. All necessary measures such as noise barriers will be taken to reduce the noise particularly near the communities. Rock basting near the communities will be avoided to the extent possible. The local communities will be informed about the rock basting. The personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided to the construction workers and its usage will be made mandatory.



3.5. Physical Loss of Any Stream or Water Body

No dumping will be allowed in a stream or a water body. All streams running across the road will have culverts or causeways. All streams running parallel to road will be embanked.



4. Biological Resources

4.1 Damage to Biological resources during construction

No clearance of vegetation or killing, hunting, or trapping of wild animal will be allowed. Compensation will be paid for any tree cutting on the private land. Compensatory tree plantation will be

Contractor’s obligation in the contract to respect wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Laws. A special clause incorporated in the contract documents to respect and conserve biodiversity and conserve its terrestrial as well as aquatic habitat.


41


Mitigation Measure



carried out and for each tree removed, five saplings will be planted. The Project will ensure appropriate care and monitoring of this plantation. Camps and other temporary facilities will be established in a manner that minimizes loss of natural vegetation including trees. Borrow material will be obtained without causing any damage to the natural vegetation.

To provide necessary Sign Boards to make labor, visitors and all concerned aware of their obligations towards Biota.

4.2 Damage to Biological resources during construction

Special checks from time to time in collaborator with local communities

To facilitate inspections by Wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Officers to ensure a proper implementation of the relevant laws. To involve communities through SFA


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Table 6.2: Social Impacts

Social Risk Mitigation Responsibility Construction

Stage

Land to be Acquired on permanent Basis

The 3.00 km road section (chainage 27+424 to 30+424) from Dadahara to Sharifabad is owned by PkHA. The available RoW is 50 feet, (25 feet on both sides from the centre of the road). However, there will be some acquisition of private non agricultural land on permanent basis.

Compensation to the land owners will be made in the light of Land Acquisition Act, 1894.

RE / DD Pre–Construction

Temporary Land Acquisition

Land required for establishing contractor’s facilities including camp, workshop, plants, borrowing earth material and dumping excess spoil will be acquired directly from private landowners by the contractor. The provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 will not be invoked, as the acquisition of the land will be temporary and will be covered by short–term lease agreements between the landowners and contractors under the approval of the Project Engineer. Rental terms will have to be negotiated to the satisfaction of the landowners concerned.

The staff of the FHA and supervisory Consultants will monitor the process of restoration and ensure, through the terms of the construction contracts, that landowners are compensated according to the terms of the lease agreements, and the restoration actions agreed upon by the contractors are duly carried out. The photo–documentation of the existing land prior to temporarily acquisition should be available, which will be beneficial to resolve the restoration conflicts between the landowner and contractor.

Contractor, PE, DD (North) FHA

Construction

Similarly, prior to the commencement of construction activities, the Contractor will carry out base line survey for selecting the camp sites, dumping sites, public and community / private owned utilities, in conformity with the requirements of SIA study. The contractor will submit a development plan to the Engineer–in–charge and local government for its scrutiny and approval.

Contractor / PE Pre–Construction

Project facilities, viz., construction camp and workshop will be located at a minimum distance of 500 m from existing plantation, and settlements, etc. This limit will be 1000 m in case of batching plant.

Contractor / PE Pre–Construction

As far as possible, waste / barren land i.e. areas not under agricultural, residential or forestation use, and natural areas will be used for borrow material (if required) and setting up project facilities.

Contractor / PE Construction

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Stage

Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable for borrow of earth material, the top 30 cm of the plough layer will be stripped and stockpiled for redressing the land after the required borrow material has been removed. In case deep ditching is carried out, the top 1 m layer of the ditching will stripped and stockpiled. The ditch will initial filled with scrap material from construction then leveled with the stockpiled topsoil to make it even with the rest of the area. It shall be ensured that the scrap does not contain any material that may produce obnoxious material that would contaminate soil or water resources.


Barren lands or valley side slopes will be used for dumping the excavated spoil material. Appropriate sites have to be located along the road for this activity.


These facilities will be regularly monitored and cleaning activities implemented during operation phase to improve the cross drainage facilities of area.

DD (Notrth),FHA Operation

Increased risk of accidents caused by partial closure of road during construction

During construction activities, traffic flow will be disturbed. At sections passing through populated areas, there will be limited scope for providing diversion tracks for the mobility of local and thorough traffic that will increase the risk of accidents.

Proper site specific measures will be carried out in consultation with supervisory consultants to ensure the safety of population residing along and around the project corridor. Site specific Traffic Management Plans (TMPs) will be prepared and implemented by the Contractor with the approval of the Project Engineer.


Taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of traffic during construction, including barricades (including signs, pavement markings, flags, and lights) erected as required by the FHA and set up as per local regulations.


Coordinating construction work such that part of the carriageway at a time is upgraded leaving the other part available to serve one way traffic. Construction work will be carried out in small stretches instead of a long stretch.


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Stage

As a result of road improvement the traffic volume will increase during operation stage, there may be safety hazards for the locals residing along the edge of the road as well as vehicular traffic.

During operation stage FHA will make arrangements with some organization / contractor for proper maintenance and operation of the road. Periodic inspections will be made by contracted firm to identify the problem areas and their remedial measures. For this purpose the firm should be fully equipped and there should be contingency plan in case of any emergency / natural disaster.

FHA Operation

Problems to Health and Safety of Labor and Employees on Construction Work and Provision of Safety Equipment to Workers on Site.

Occurrence of accidents / incidents during the construction activities, particularly from excavation activities is common. The workers and general public residing along the project corridor or near the work sites will particularly be at risk.

Complying with the safety precautions for construction workers as per International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62, as far as applicable to the project contract.


Training of workers in construction safety procedures, social awareness, equipping all construction workers with safety boots, helmets, gloves, and protective masks, and monitoring their proper and sustained usage.


Contractor staff while on work may get injuries.

Contractor will ensure the provision of medicines, first aid kits, vehicle, etc. at the camp site.


Gender Issues

According to the findings of the socioeconomic survey, the rural women normally use the open field latrines and their privacy may suffer due to the project activities. Moreover, they actively participate in other outdoor socioeconomic activities such as livestock rearing, bringing of potable water, etc which may also be affected by the project activities.

The Contractor will select the specific timings for the construction activities particularly near the settlements, so as to cause least disturbance to the local population particularly women.


The Contractor will carry out the construction activities in such a way that the open field latrine usage timings by the local community particularly women, should not be affected. The normal timings to use the toilet facilities by the rural women are early in the morning and at late in the evening. So, the Contractor will have to take care of these timings.


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Stage

The induction of outside labor may create social and gender issues due to the unawareness of local customs and norms. It may also cause hindrance to the mobility of local women for working in the field, herding livestock, picking fuel wood, etc.

Contractor will take due care of the local community and observe sanctity of local customs and traditions by his staff. Contractor will warn the staff strictly not to involve in any un–ethical activities and to obey the local norms and cultural restrictions particularly with reference to women.


During construction activities, if privacy of the nearby households is affected, the Contractor will inform the house owner to make some arrangements. Similarly, Contractor will take care as much as possible that the construction activities should not affect the privacy particularly with reference to women.


Social Conflicts and Employment of Locals on the Project

The presence of outside construction workers may cause some degree of social disruption and even active disputes with the local community as a result of social / cultural differences. This particularly relates to the disruption of the privacy of women working in the fields or even in the yards of their houses, should the house lying at lower elevation than the working sites. Likewise the risk of theft of the community assets by the Contractor workers and vice versa may occur.

Good relations with the local communities will be promoted by encouraging Contractors to provide opportunities for skilled and unskilled employment to the locals, as well as on–the–job training in construction for young people. Contractor will restrict his permanent staff to mix with the locals to avoid any social problems.

The Contractor will warn the workers not to involve in any theft activities and if anyone would involve in such type of activities, he will have to pay heavy penalty and would be handed over to police. Similarly, at the time of employing, Contractor has to take care that the workers should be of good repute. The Contractor camp will be properly fenced and main gate will be locked at night with a security guard to check the theft issues from community side.


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Stage

Rise in the Prices of Essential Commodities

Due to induction of outside labour for project works, the demand for basic items will increase thereby causing an increase in the prices of essential commodities

The project will exert no negative impacts on the prices of essential commodities. It is estimated that project will employ about 120 skilled and un–skilled staff. Most of the un–skilled labour will be recruited from the local areas. As such there will be no extraordinary increase in the demand for essential or other commodities. The Contractor, will, however, be required to maintain the field camps supplies from the main Mingora market.

Contractor Construction

Use of Local Water Supplies and Other Common Resources

Local water supplies will be required to meet campsite and construction requirements, bringing its use into competition with the use by the local communities.

The contractor will explore the alternative water resource so that the existing community water resources are not impacted. No existing water source under the use of community will be exploited by the Contractor for campsite facilities as well as construction purposes.

Contractor Construction

Local water may be affected due to implementation of project both in quantity as well as quality.

Availability of water for campsite facilities and construction purposes will be ensured by the Contractor prior to start of construction activities. As per Local Government Act, the contractor will seek approval from the local government for exploitation of the water resources.

Contractor / PE / Local Govt.

The Contractor will be required to maintain close liaison with local communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common resource utilization for project purposes are resolved quickly.

Contractor

The contractor will prepare guidelines for the workers for minimizing the wastage of water during construction activities and at campsites.

Contractor

Possibility of Spread of HIV / AIDS Amongst the Project labor and Adjoining Population

Contractor to arrange HIV / AIDS awareness programs in the field camps on regular basis by a qualified expert / doctor.

Contractor will provide recreational facilities such as playing volleyball of football after the work hours.

Similarly, he will provide indoor recreation in terms of radio and TV at the eating place.

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Stage

The Contractor will ensure regular medical check–up of the camp staff from a qualified doctor on fortnightly basis. If any person found affected with any of the transmittal diseases will be immediately shifted from the camp to the hospital for detailed check–up and treatment. The cost will be borne by the Contractor.

Contractor will restrict his permanent staff to mix with the locals to avoid any social and health problems.

Recreational Facilities for Public The Contractor will ensure the restoration and rehabilitation of construction and camp sites on completion of the project.

Contractor Post Construction

FHA will develop parks particularly for children and ladies at appropriate sites along the road to provide them better recreational opportunities. This will also attract the outside tourists as well, thus increasing the incomes of the local people through increased socio–economic activities.

FHA Post Construction

FHA should carry out tree plantation along the road.

Restricted Mobility

During the construction phase the general mobility of the local residents and their livestock in and around the project area is likely to be hindered. Likewise access to the natural resource may be affected. This particularly implies to the women and children.

The contractor will ensure that the mobility of the local communities and their livestock is not hindered by the construction activities. The contractor will provide crossing points at the road at appropriate places to facilitate the people for going across the road for their daily works and having free access to the natural resources.


Construction activities, particularly excavation and movement of haul truck and machinery may disrupt the existing tracks leading from the main road to settlements. This will limit the accessibility of the local population to the main road.

Generally the contractor will avoid using the village tracks for hauling the construction material. However, if it is unavoidable, the existing ones will be widened, overlaid with shingle or surface treated to accommodate local as well as contractors traffic under the approval of the Project Engineer.


Table 66.3: Operational Phase

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1. Strict application of prescribed Monitoring & Engineering plan

Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound

Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in commutation with communities

Resident Engineer / XEN Incharge of Highway

Officer(s), authorized by FHA and Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2. Continuous evaluation of design efficiency


Works done through contractor to according strict specification and in communication with communities

Resident Engineer / XEN Incharge of the dual Highway

FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever is i/c of Supervision

3. Understanding and training of operational manual


Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities


FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whichever is i/c of the road

4. Environmental Annual Audit


Works done through maintenance contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities


FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whichever is i/c of the road

5. Regular Maintenance

Resident Engineering / Executive Engineering Duty bound

Works done through maintenance contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities

Resident Engineer / XEN Incharge dual Highway with the assistance of maintenance

FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever is i/c of the road

6. Staff welfare Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound


Resident Engineer / XEN Incharge with the assistance of contractor

FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever takes over as i/c of the road

7. Continued Public Consultant

Resident Engineer / Executive Engineering Duty bound


Resident Engineer / XEN Incharge of the Highway with the assistance of contractor

FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever is I/c of the road

8. Continued Gender issues and women Consultants

Resident Engineer / Executive Engineering Duty bound

Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities. To have gender-neutral policy

Resident Engineer / XEN Incharge of the Highway with the assistance of contractor

FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever takes over the management and maintenance of the road

9. Refresher courses for the operational staff


Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities.

Resident Engineer / XEN Incharge Highway assisted of Consultant

FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whoever takes the management and maintenance of the road

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6.3 Environmental Monitoring

6.3.1 Compliance Monitoring

The environmental monitoring will be carried out with the help of checklists prepared on

the basis of the Mitigation Plans given in EIA for Sharifabad - Kanju Road. These

checklists will be filled by the contractor’s environment specialist on a regular basis, and

provided to the ESC. All non-compliances recorded in the filled checklists will be

followed up for remediation. The summary of filled checklists, non-compliances and

remedial actions will be included in the progress reports.

6.3.2 Effects Monitoring

The KpHA will engage a competent consultant to conduct effects monitoring on a

periodic basis. The overall objective of the effects monitoring is to ensure that the key

environmental parameters in the project area remain within the acceptable limits

specified by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) (and other relevant

benchmarks) throughout the project execution. For this purpose, the Independent

Environmental Monitor (IEM) will carry out the periodic sampling, monitoring, and

analysis of the key environmental parameters specified in the EMP and provide their

results to the KpHA.

6.3.3 Third Party Monitoring

KpHA will engage a suitable consultant to carry out environmental audit of the Project on

a six-monthly basis. During these audits, the EMP compliance and its effectiveness will

be assessed. This monitoring will help identify weaknesses in the EMP implementation

and also recommend the corrective measures.

6.4 Environmental and Social Management Budget

The total environmental management cost for the 3.00 km has been estimated to be

about Rs. 1.50 Million.

The social management cost will be reflected in the SIA & RAP report which is under

preparation.

Table 6.4: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management

Environmental Component Quantity Amount

Pak Rs. Details/Basis

Tree Plantation 1000 600,000 Cost includes plantation and

maintenance up to three years

IEMC charges

L.S 750,000 Lump sum

Environmental Audit

L.S 150,000 Lump sum

Total Environmental Management Cost = 1,500,000