adc dac loopback linearity

8/13/2019 ADC DAC Loopback Linearity

1/15

IEEETRANSACTIONSONVERYLARGESCALEINTEGRATION(VLSI)SYSTEMS,VOL.19,NO.10,OCTOBER2011 1765

ADC/DACLoop!"#L$%&!'$T&*$%+DAC OpO--*&$%+!%S"!$%+

!%L%!%+,StudentMember,IEEE,!% 3$%L!%+!%+,Member,IEEE

AbstractLoopback testing is a powerful technique for testingthe analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog con-verter (DAC) pair embedded in a mixed-signal sstem-on-chip(!oC)" #hile attractive$ its performance is generall limitedb the achievable test resolution and the potential faultmasking problem" %n this work$ a loopback linearit testingtechnique for an ADC&DAC pair is presented' the ke idea is toraisetheeffec- tiveADCandDACresolutionbscaling theDACoutput" irst$ duringADCtesting$wescaledowntheDACoutputtoachievethe requiredteststimulusresolutionandadusttheDACoutput offset to cover the ADC full-scale range" *hen$ for DACtesting$ we raise the effective ADC resolution b scaling up theDAC output" +oth simulation and measurement results arepresentedtovalidatethe proposedtechnique"Index TermsAnalog-to-digital converter (ADC)&digital-to-

analog (DAC) testing$ design-for-test (Df*)$ loopback testing$mixed-signaltesting$segmentedcurrent-steeringDAC"

I. INTROD4CTION

#IT & '!p$ &o$o% o- *&$"o%"o'&"%oo +$&*, $ $* %o8 "oo% p'!"$"& o$%&+'!& &

$&*$+%! "$'"$* 8$ o&' $+$! "o'&* $%o ! *$%+&**&o%"$p (SoC) o' **&$%p!"#!+& (S$:) ;2


2/15

p!) *o ! & "!% &* &!" o&' &"o&* !

p'o$*$%+ *o$o% o !o!$" &* &@$p&% (ATE) "o*

'&"$o%. $& !'!"$&, & oop!"# &*$%+ &ooo+

$* $$& & !"$&!& &* '&*o$o% !% &po&%$!

-! !*#$%+ p'o&. O&' & &!'*, *&&'! &"%$@&*

!&&&%&& op& o !'&** &*& $**&*. I% ;7


3/15

1766 IEEETRANSACTIONSONVERYLARGESCALEINTEGRATION(VLSI)SYSTEMS,VOL.19,NO.10,OCTOBER2011

&DACop.T&%, &ADC $*$$& o &*o%&"''&%

*o'"& $% & SCSDAC !! $&. H'o & '&**, & DAC

$%p/op (I/O) '!%*-&' "'& "!%& "o%*'"& !**$%+

!&"''&%*!$o%$*$&!.

T&"o%'$$o%*!%!!%!+&*o-&p'opo*&oop!"#

&*$%+&ooo+!'&!*-oo8*.

1) &p'opo*&o!"$&&&%&&&&*'&*o$o%-o'*!$"ADC!%DAC&*$%+,$%"$%+$--&'&%$!%o%$%&!'$(DNL)!% $%&+'! %o%$%&!'$ (INL), *$p *"!$%+

&DACop.Ho'SCSDAC,$*"!%&&!*$'&!$&

!F*$%+&o!'&*$*!%"&!&.

2) T&p'opo*&&"%$@&$*'o*.T&*"!$%+-!"o'*!%

&*&o-o--*&o!+&*%&&%o&&'!""'!&.

Bo*$!$o%!%&!*'&&%*o%o--&*&-ADC/DAC

*o8 ! &p'opo*& &"%$@&!"$&&*!o*$&%$"! '&

**o&"o%&%$o%! &o.T&$$!$o%$*!&DAC

*&o-&*&+&%&"''&%*&&'$%+!'"$&"'&.

T&'&*o- $*p!p&' $*o'+!%$&!* -oo8*.I%S&"$o% II,

8& '$&- $%'o"& & $%&!'$ *p&"$-$"!$o%* o- !!

"o%&'&'*. I% S&"$o% III, &!*$" !'"$&"'& !% op&'!$o%p'$%"$p& o- & SCS DAC $*p'&*&%&. I% S&"$o% IV, 8&

$*'!& &p'o po*& &"%$@& $% &!$. I% S&"$o% V, &

$p!"o-ADC/DAC %o%$%&!'$ $* $*"**&. S$!$o% !%

&p&'$&%! '&** !'& +$&% $% S&"$o%* VI !% VII,

'&*p&"$&.H$%!,8&"o% "&$*p!p&'$%S&"$o%VIII.

H$+.1. S$$*&+&%&"''&%*&&'$%+(SCS)DAC.

B. LinearityofDACL& &%o& &DACop o!+&o-"o& .O%&

LSB, 8$" "o''&*po%* o & !&'!+& o!+& $%"'&&% o-

&DAC, $*&-$%&!*

(>)

8&'& $*&DAC'&*o$o%.DNL!%INLo-&DAC"!%

&%&"op&&-oo8$%+&@!$o%*

II. LINEARITYOHDATACONVERTERS

I% $* 8o'#, 8& *& &&%po$% $%&!* & '&-&'&%"& $%&

!%"op&&&%po$%DNL!%INL;17


4/15

o!op"''&% $*$'&"&o&o!'&*$*&'

op'o"&&opo!+& .I $* 8o' %o$%+ ! o%& "!% "o%'o & SCS DAC* -

*"!&'!%+&(HSR)!F*$%+ $*-o'*&!*$*o-&

p'opo*&ADC/DACoop!"#&*$%+&"%$@&.


5/15

4ANGAND4ANGADC/DACLOO:BACLINEARITYTESTINGBYDACO4T:4TOHHSETTINGANDSCALING 1767

H$+.2. :'opo*&ADC/DACoop!"#&*$%+!'"$&"'&.

IV. :RO:OSEDADC/DACLOO:BACTESTINGTECNI4E

T&p'opo*&&"%$@&!#&*!!%!+&o-&-!"!o%&

"!%!F*&SCSDAC* o!'&*$*!%"&o"!%+& $*HSR.

&%&*$%+ADC,8&*&&SCSDACo+&%&'!&&'!p*$* !% &'$& & ADC %o%$%&!'$ $! & $%&!'

$* o+'!!pp'o!".T&p'opo*&&"%$@&!"$&&*&

'&@$'& '!p'&*o$o%*"!$%+o8%&DACHSR$*

'!$*&*& effectiveDAC'&*o$o%&"!*&&'&8$&o'&DACop o!+&*!-!$%*$&&!"ADC"o&*&p.To

"op&%*!&-o' &'&"&DACHSR,!*&o-o--*&o!+&*

!'&!&o& DAC+&%&'!&'!p**o!*o"o&'&ADC

HSR.A*-o'DAC &*$%+,8&*&&ADCo&*o%&"''&%

*o'"&!!$& &!*'$%+&p'o"&opo!+&.To

!"$&&&'&@$'& &!*'&&%'&*o$o%,&p'opo*&

&"%$@&*"!&*p& DACop.

I%&-oo8$%+,8&8$&*"'$&&!'8!'&!*ppo'*&p'opo*& oop!"# &ooo+ !% & oop!"# &*$%+

-o8. Ho' &!*& o- $*'!$o%, 8& !#& & -oo8$%+ !**p

$o%*

ADC!%DAC!&&*!&HSR

ADC!%DAC!&&*!&%&'o-$*.No&!,$%+&%&'!,o%&"!%!pp&p'opo*&&"%$@&o

o&'"!*&*&!*$.

A.LoopbackTetin!Arc"itectureH$+.2&p$"*&p'opo*&oop!"#&*$%+!'"$&"'&.T&

DAC%&'&* $*!"''&%opSCSDAC $!*! &*&%

!& *$+%! (TE) 8$" !o8* '%$%+ o% &!" "''&% *o'"&

$%$$! '$%+ DAC &*$%+. T& ADC %&' &*, o% &

o&' !%,"!%&o-!% !'"$&"'&!% %&&* %oo$-$"!

$o%.

T& oop!"#p!"o%*$**o- &P+!$%"o%'oQ!%Po--*&

"o%'oQo"#*.T&+!$%"o%'oo"#$*!*$p&'&*$*o'%&

8o'#!**o8%$%H$+.=,8&'& $+&%&'

!&**"!&DACop*.D'$%+%o'!op&'!$o%, $*"o*&

$*$'&"*&DACop"''&% o&%o'!o!'&

*$*o' !%p'o"&*opo!+& .

D'$%+ADC &*$%+, $*"o*&!% $**& o*"!&

o8% '$%+DAC&*$%+, $*"o*&!% $**&

o*"!&p .

T&o--*&"o%'oo"#(*&&H$+.>)!*"o--*& o&DACop.4*$%+!*&o-p'op&'*&&"&"o--*&!&*,

H$+.=. G!$%"o%'oo"#.

H$+.>. O--*&"o%'oo"#.

H$+.5. Co&'$%+ADCHSR8$$p&*&+&%*.

$*!o8*&o8%*"!&DACop*o"o&'&ADC*

HSR.A**o8%$%H$+.5,8$o"o--*&,&DAC+&%&'!&

'!p o%"o&'*!*!po'$o%o-&ADCHSR.B

*$%+$p& '!p*8$$--&'&%o--*&o!+&*, &ADC

HSR"!%&"o&'&.No&!&*&"o--*&o!+&*o%o

!&o&&'!""'!&!*o%+!*&ADCHSR$*-"o

&'&!%&'&$**--$"$&%o&'!p&8&&%!F!"&%*&+&%*

o"op&%*!& -o'%o$*&!%o--*&o!+&&$!$o%*. I%H$+.

>, &o--*&o!+&$*-'o&DAC!%*o'&$%&*!p&

!% o (S/)%$. I%p'!"$"&,o%&!*&!%&&'%!"

*o'"& $-'&!$!!$!&.

B. ADCTetin!H$+.6&p$"*&p'opo*&ADC&*$%+-o8.H$'*,&+!$%

"o%'oo"# (*&&H$+. =)*&&"* 8$" $* $&*

*!&' !% $* *"!&* o8% & DAC op .

T&%, & -o8&%&'*&p!'$!$*o+'!"o&"$o%oop.I%

& $ &'!$o%,&o--*&o!+& $*!pp$&o&

o--*&"o%'o o"#.T&%,8&*8&&p&DAC$%p"o&!%

"o&"&"o' '&*po%$%+ADC"o&$*,$.&.,&%&'o-

$&* &!" "o& !pp&!'*. No& ! & DAC op o%

"o&'*&'!%+&-'oo ,&%o& *, &

$* o+'!o!$%&$%$&'!$o% $*!p!'$!$*o+'!,

&%o&


6/15


H$+.6. :'opo*&ADCoop!"#&*$%+-o8.

,!"!'!"&'$&*&ADC&!$o'8$$%$%p'!%+&

.T&%o$*&,$-p'&*&%,"!*&*&ADCop"o&o&

$!&-'o $* $&!!& $*!--&"*&!""'!"o-o!$%&

p!'$!$*o+'!*,&*p&"$!-o'&"o&*!!'&"o*&o&

*&+&%o%!'$&*. H'&'o'&, & o--*& o!+&* ! &

$!& -'o &$' *p&"$-$& !&*. To o&'!& &*&, & o--*&

o!+&*!'&p'op&'*&&"&*o!!F!"&%*&+&%*o&'!p

*--$"$&%.To&%*'&&*@!$,$%&P'%"!& Q*!+&,

&"o&$*!!'&o'&$#&o&!--&"&%o$*&!'&'&

o&-'o&p!'$!$*o+'! .H$%!,&p!'$!$*

o+'!*!'&"o$%&oo!$%&-ADC$*o+'!-'o8$"&ADCDNL!%INL"!%&&'$&.

#$ C"oiceof % T&"o$"&o- &&'$%&*&ADC&*'&*o$o%.R&"!!8&!**&&ADC!%DAC!'&o

$!% !& &*!&HSR (-o'&!*&o- $*'!$o%). I-o%&

*&* &DAC o+&%&'!& & &* '!p8$oo8%*"!$%+,

$.&., ,&!&'!+&"o&$8o&&'&o%&,8$"$*

!pp!'&% $%*--$"$&%. 4*$%+ & o8%*"!& DAC op, o%&

$p'o&*&-$%!!&'!+&"o&$ .I%p'!"$"&, *o

& *$+ !'+&' !% & &*$'& !&'!+& "o& $ 8&% !

p&'-&" '!p $* !pp$& & '&!*o% $* o "op&%*!& -o' &

%o%$%&!'$ !**o"$!&8$&DAC$*&-.

&$ Truncatin!'artial(ito!ram% T&p'&*&%"&o-%o$*&!--&"*&!""'!"o-p!'$!$*o+'!*,&*p&"$!-o'&"o&*"o*&'o&*&+&%o%!'$&*.A**&!&*!%!'&

$!$o%o-%o$*&$* !%& "o''&*po%o . (

"!%&!pp'o$!&!pp$%+!"o!+&o&ADC!%

!%!$%+ &op"o&$*'$$o%!-&'!*--$"$&% !'+&

%&'o-*!p&*.)Co%*$&'p!'$!$*o+'! !% &

!% &&!$!%$%$"o&*$%

!!&%o%&'o"o&$*.T&"o&*+'&!&'!%

o'&**!% !'&'&o&-'o .

)$ C"oice of *ffet +olta!e% App!'&%, * 8$'&*p&" o & *&&"& o--*& o!+&* * "o&' & ADC

HSR. I% '&!$, &'& * & *--$"$&% o&'!p &8&&%! F!"&% * o o&'!& $p'&"$*& o--*& o!+&* !%

%o$*&.

A**$%+ !8&*& &&%*p!"&*&+&%* o

"o&'&ADCHSR,&o&'!p&8&&%!F!"&% *$*

()

To"op&%*!& -o' &o--*&o!+&&$!$o%* (8$!!

$o- )!%&%o$*&(8$!*!%!'&$!$o%o-

), $**&&"&o*!$*-&-oo8$%+"o%$$o%

(9)

C&!', * &"&& o o&'!& &

o--*& o!+& &$!$o%*. T& '&!*o% o- !$%+ &

&' $* !""o'$%+ o &p!'$! $*o+'! '%"!$o%p'o"&**

8$" '&o&* "o&* -'oo &%* o- &!"p!'$!

$*o+'!. H$ %!, & !$$o%! 1 LSB &' &%*'&* !

o%&"!%&'$& & -$*o+'!"o$%$%+ & '%"!&

p!'$!$*o+'!*.

$ Mer!in! Truncated'artial(ito!ram% T& -"o&$* o+'! $*&'$&"o%$%o*&'+$%+&

'% "!& p!'$! $*o+'!* $% 8$" & %o$*& !--&"&

"o& $* !& &&% '&o&. No& ! & "o& $*"o''&*po%$%+ o &o&'!p&8&&% 8o "o%*&"$&p!'$!

$*o+'!* $* & &'$%&&!&'o%&.&'&$*!*$p&

&!p&.L&

&%o&&"o&$*o-"o& $%&p!'$!$*o+'! !%

&%o& ! $%& -"o&$*o+'! .A-&'

!&p!'$!$*o+'!*!'&"o&"&,8&-$'**&

. I- & '%"!& "o&'* &ADC"o&$* -'o

"o&1o>0,8&!&

-o' o (10)

T&%, & 8$&&'+&$%o .I- & '%"!&"o&'*&ADC"o&$*-'o"o&=6o75,8&!&

-o' o

(11) No& ! o !'& p!&

. T$* p'o"&** $&'!&* %$ ! &p!'$! $*o+'!* !'&

&'+&$%o

o%"& $* $* o%&, & ADC DNL !% INL "!%

& &'$&.

C. DACTetin!T&p'opo*& oop!"# &*$%+ &"%$@& $$&* & ADC

o &*&DAC&!*'$%+&opo!+&p'o"&

&!" "''&% *o'"&. H$+. 7 $*'!&* & DAC &*$%+ -o8.

H$'*,& +!$%"o%'oo"#*&&"* 8$" $* $&*

!'+&'!%

$* *"!&* p & DAC op . T&%, & -o8

&% &'*&"''&%*o'"&&*$%+oop.E!"$&,&!"o%&

"' '&%*o'"& $*"o%%&"&o .T&"o''&*po%$%+

*"!& opo!+& $*&!*'&&

ADC !% *o'&. Ho' !% $ SCS DAC ! !*

%!'8&$+& o'& *$+%$-$"!%$* !% $%!'

8&$+& &** *$+%$-$"!% $*, $* oop '&p&!*

$&*. O%"& ! & "''&% *o'"&* !'& &!*'&, o%& "!%

"o%*'" & - DAC I/O '!%*-&'"'& (!**$%+ ! &

*!$o% $* $&!) -'o 8$" &DACDNL!% INL"!%&&'$&.

#$ C"oice of % I%$$&, $%"'&!*$%+ , &'&!$& @!%$!$o%&''o'"!*&&ADC&"o&*


7/15

*!&'o8


8/15


H$+.7. :'opo*&DACoop!"#&*$%+-o8.

&&', $* $$& & ADCHSR. &% & !'+&* "''&%

*o'"&,$.&.,!%!'8&$+&o%&,$*&*&,&'&*$%+op

o!+&*&8$$%ADCHSR.A""o'$%+o(7),8&!&

(12)

S$%"& & !$ DAC op "o&'* & ADC HSR 8&%

o!&8$ ,8&!&

(1=)

H'o(12)!%(1=)!% ,8&!&

(1>)

No& !(1>)!*o$p$&* !&!"$&!&&*!""'!"o-

$* DAC &*$%+ *"&& $* $$& & *&+&%& "''&%*&&'$%+DAC!'"$&"'&.

&$DACDei!nforTetability% To'&!$&&DAC&*-o8,&$%!'o&'o&&' &"o&' $* '&&*$+%& *o ! 8&%

& TE (&* &%!&) $%p $* $+, o%& "!% '% o% & %!'

8&$+&"''&%*o'"&%&'&*p'op&'*&$%+&

o'&*$+%$-$"!%$*.

V. :ERHORMANCEANALYSIS

$& 8& "!% '!$*& & &--&"$& ADC/DAC &* '&*o$o%

*"!$%+o8%/p & DACop, &!"$&!& &*!""

'!" $* $!& $$& & %o%$%&!'$ !**o"$!& 8$

& ADC !% DAC. L& & & DAC*&--&"$& %&' o-$*. T& &--&"$& ADC &* '&*o$o% $*

!pp'o$ !& . I- &DAC $*$+

%o%$%&!', o%& "!% $%"'&!*& o !$%!$% & '&@$'& &*

!""'!" ! & "o* o- &o%+!& &* $& (&"!*& o'&

*&+&%* !'& %&&& o "o&' & ADC HSR). T& !%!*$* $*

*$$!' -o' DAC &*$%+. o8&&', *$%"& $* pp&'o%&,

&&*$'&DAC&*'&*o $o%$*%o!8!*!!$%!&.

A.ImpactofDAC-onlinearityonADCTetin!T&ADC&*!""'!"$*!--&"&&DAC%o%$%&!'$.

Co%*$&' & &!p& *o8% $% H$+. , ! DAC o- 8$" &

! $ INL &''o' &@!* LSB $* &p$"&. T& ADC"o&$

H$+.. DAC-!!*#$%+p'o&'$%+ADC&*$%+.

$* o& &!*'& $% $* &!p&, !% & "$'"&*

&%o& &$&!o8%*"!&DACop*.I&!,&'&8$

& DAC op*8$$%&"o&o%!'$&*o- ,$.&.,

. T& !$ &*$!$o% &''o' o""'* 8&% & DACo p*&-o'&/!-&' *o%!'$&*&$!& & o* -'o

&$' $&! !&*. A* $*'!& & '$!%+&* $% H$+. , $-

&*&

DAC op* -! o o- &o%!'$&*, 8$&

'&"& o . S$$!', $- & DAC op*

"o''&*po%$%+ o & *@!'&* $% & -$+'& -! $%o & "o&

o%!'$&*, 8$& $%"'&!*&o .I%o"!*&*,

&&!*'&DNL&''o'$*

.B$%"'&!*$%+ ,o%&"!%'&"&&&!*'&&%

&''o' !%*$p'o&&&*!""'!".

B.ImpactofAnalo!Adder-onlinearityonADCTetin!T&!%!o+!&' !p&'-o'* &o--*&$%+op&'!$o%* $*

!%&+!$&-&&!"#"$'"$!*&o%&op&'!$o%!!p$-$&'

(O:AM:). 4p o %o8, 8& $p$"$ !**& $* !&' $*

$&!. I% '&!$, $* !**p$o% -!$* $- & O:AM: op&%

oop+!$% $*$%*--$"$&%.I%*"!"!*&,&"o*&oop+!$%o-

& !&' !'$&* 8$ & $%p && ($.&., %o%$%&!'$) !%

* & "o& $* o!$%& &!" &* *&+&% 8$&

&''o%&o*. A* ! '&*, o &%*'& & &* @!$, & !&'

*!&$+&'$%&!'$ !%&ADC%&'&*.

Ho' o%"$p $p&&%!$o%, & !&' "!%& !& o-

! *8$"& "!p!"$o' !*& %o%$%&'$%+ !p$-$&'. T&

+!$% &''o'o-*"!%!p$-$&'$*!pp'o$!& ,8&'&

&%o&* & O:AM: op&%oop +!$% ;1


9/15


H$+.9. ADC-!!*#$%+p'o&'$%+DAC&*$%+.

C.ImpactofADC-onlinearityonDACTetin!H$+.9*o8*o8&ADC%o%$%&!'$!--&"*&DAC&*

!""'!". T& "''&% *o'"& o& &!*'& $* , !% &

DAC op*8&%o!&8$ !% !'& !%,'& *p&"$&.Sppo*& $*!po*$$&$%&+&'!% $*F*

&@! o & $&! '!%*$$o% && o- & ADC "o& ,

& $&! ADC op "o& -o' *o& . I- &

ADC INL &''o'!$*"o&$* LSB,&!"!ADCop

"o& 8$ & .No'!$& , &

&!*'&&%&''o' $*

.App!'&%,o%&"!%'&"&&&!*'&&%&''o'

$%"'&!*$%+ . S$$!'!%!*$*"!%&!pp$&-o'&%o$*&o%

&*$+%!p!&%o$*&$%"&DAC&!*'&&%&''o'"!%

!*o & '&"& ! -!"o' o- 'o+ & p'opo*&

&"%$@&.

VI. SIM4LATIONRES4LTS

& -$'*p&'-o' %&'$"! *$!$o%* o !$!& &p'o

po*& &"%$@&. T& HSR o- & DAC op !% &

ADC $%p!'&o2V.T&ADC%&' &* $*!10$o%&

$/*!+& p$p&$%& ADC. I% &!" *!+&, & "!p!"$o'

$*!" $* '!% o*&o&8$$%1!%&"op!'!o'

o--*&$* '!%o !**$+%&&8&&% 10 !% 10 V. T&

DAC%&'&*$*!

10$*&+&%&"''&%*&&'$%+DAC8$ !%&&$!$o%o-&!""''&%*o'"&$*'!%o!*

*$+%&!%o%&7.D'$%+&*$%+,o*"!$%+-!"o'*

!% !'&*&o60.

A. Simulationit"out-oieD'$%+ $**$!$o%,P&'oQ%o$*& $*!**& o&o%

*'!&&!$!"$&!&&*!""'!".

T&ADC$*-$'*&*&!%$&!16$DAC8$&'!$

$o%!$%&!'$*o+'!&*$%+.T&&!*'&INL!%DNL!'&

*o8% $% & &-!% *$& (LS)po* o- H$+. 10 &p&!#

DNL !% INL !'& 2.71 !% 2.2> LSB, '&*p&"$&.No& !

&*& '& ** !'& "o%*$&'& !* & $&! !&*. T&%, &

p'opo*& ADC oop!"# &*$%+ &"%$@& $* !pp$&. T&

&*$!& INL !% DNL !'& *o8% $% & '$+!% *$&

(RS)po* o- H$+. 10 & p&!# DNL !% INL !'& 2.7> !%2.26LSB,'&*p&"$&.H'o H$+.10, $ $*&!* o*&& ! &

DNL/INL!&*o!$%& &p'opo*&&"%$@&!'&!o*

$&%$"! o & $&!!&*. H$%!, & DNL/INL &*$!$o%

&''o'* !'& *o8% $% H$+. 11 & &''o'* !'& ! &** !% 0.1

LSB.


10/15


11/15


H$+.12. DAC&*$%+*$!$o%'&**.(LS$&!.RSp'opo*&.)

H$+.1=. S$!&DAC&*&''o'*.

H$+.1>. ADC&*$%+*$!$o%'&**"o%*$&'$%+%o$*&.(LS$&!.RSp'opo*&.)

DNL !% INL !'& *$+%$-$"!% $%"'&!*& o 0.15 !%0.=>

LSB !* *o8% $% H$+. 15. T& %o$*& $%"& &''o' "!%&

H$+.15. S$!&ADC&*&''o'*"o%*$&'$%+%o$*&.

H$+.16. DAC&*$%+*$!$o%'&**"o%*$&'$%+%o$*&.(LS$&!.RSp'opo*&.)

!&'!+&o!#$%+o'&*!p&*o8&&', $*p'oo%+*

& &* $&.

T& DAC &*$%+ *$!$o% '&** !'& *o8% $% H$+. 16.

T& LS po* o- & -$+'& !'& & !"! DAC

p&'-o'!%"& & p&!#DNL!% INL!'&0.95!%=.=5LSB,

'&*p&"$&. T& RSpo* o- & -$+'& !'& & &*$!&'&** o!$%& &p'opo*& &"%$@& &p&!# DNL

!%INL!'&0.9>!%

=.=2LSB,8$"!'&&'"o*&o&$'!"!!&*.T&&*

$!$o% &''o'* !'& $*'!& $% H$+. 17, & !'& !

8$$%

0.05LSB.T&*& '&**p'o&! &p'opo*&DAC &*$%+

&"%$@& $* $%*&%*$$& o %o$*& !* &*"'$& $% &

p'&$o* *&"$o%.

C. Simulationit"+ariouScalin!/actorTo &!!& o8 & *"!$%+ -!"o'* !--&" & &*

!""'!", 8& *8&&p &$' !&* -'o 1 o 60, !% '&"o'

& "o''& *po%$%+&*&''o'*!**o8%$%H$+.1.T&LSpo*o-& -$+'& &p$" & !$ !*o& &*$!$o%

&''o'* o- & ADC &*$%+,8$& &RSpo*o-&-$+'&

&p$"o*&o- &DAC &*$%+.A*"!%&*&&%$%$*-$+'&,


12/15

&&*$!$o%


13/15


H$+.17. S$!&DAC&*&''o'*"o%*$&'$%+%o$*&.

H$+.1. M!$&*&''o'*8$'&*p&"o$--&'&%*"!$%+-!"o'*.(LSADC.RSDAC.)

&''o'* +o o8% !* & *"!$%+ -!"o'* $%"'&!*&.

H'&'o'&, 8&% & *"!$%+ -!"o'* &"&& >0, !o* !

& &* &''o'* !'& 8$$% 0.1 LSB. T$* &!%* !,

"oo*$%+ !pp'op'$!& *"!$%+ -!"o'*, & !'$!$o%* $% &+!$%

"o%'o '&*$*o'* o% "!*& %&+$+$& &--&" o & &*!""'!" $* &o%*'!&* & 'o*%&** o- &p'opo*&

&"%$@&.

D. SimulationforADC0DAC-onlinearityEffectT&o&'&'!o$%!&*&!"$&!&&*!""'!"$*

&%o%$%&!'$o-ADC!%DAC.To!**&**$*$p!",8&*&

&*"!$%+-!"o'*o60,+&%&'!&o%&o*!%$--&'&%ADC*/

DAC*, &!*'& &$' ENOB 192po$% HHT (-!* Ho'$&'

'!%*-o'), !% '&"o' & "o''&*po%$%+ &* &''o'* !* *o8%

$% H$+. 19. T& LSpo* o- & -$+'& &p$" & !$

!*o& &*$!$o% &''o'* o- & ADC &*$%+, 8$& & RS

po*o- &-$+'&&p$" o*&o- &DAC &*$%+.O$o*,

& &* &''o'* &"'&!*& !* & ENOB o- ADC/DAC $%"'&!*&*$*p'o&* & "o''&"%&** o- & !pp'o$!$o% &*"'$& $%

&p'&$o**&"$o%.

H$+.19. M!$&*&''o'*8$'&*p&"o$--&'&%ADC/DAC%o%$%&!'$.(LSADC.RSDAC.)

H$+.20. S$!$o%'&**o-1000ADC/DACp!$'*.(LSADC.RSDAC.)

E. Simulationfor#111ADC0DAC'airH$%!, o -'&' !$!& o' 8o'#, &p'opo*& &"

%$@& $* !pp$& o o%& o*!% '!%o p&''& 10

$ ADC/DAC p!$'*. H$+. 20 *o8* & &*$!& p&!#

DNL*/INL* 8$'&*p&"o&$'!"!!&*.T&LSpo*

o- & -$+'& &p$" & ADC &*$%+ '&** & &*$!&

DNL* !% INL* !" & !"! !&* &' 8&. O% &

o&'!%, &DAC &*$%+ '&** !'& *o8% $% RSpo*

o- & -$+'&. I%*o& "!*&*,&&*$!&DNL*&$!&-'o

&$' $&! !&* ! o* 0.15 LSB. T$* $*&"!*& &

&!*'&&% &''o'* $% &!" "''&% *o'"& ! &

!""!& !o%+ & *!& po!'$ 8$& &'$$%+ &

- DAC I/O '!%*-&' "'&. Ho'%!&, &*&&''o'*&%

o& "!%"&& o '$%+ & INL "!"!$o% & &!*'&

DACINL*!"&$'!"!!&*&'8&.

VII. E:ERIMENTALRES4LTS

Ep&'$&%*o%"o&'"$!IC*!'&!*op&'-o'& o-'

&'!$!&&p'opo*&&"%$@&.T&ADC%&'&*$*!


14/15

4ANGAND4ANGADC/DACLOO:BACLINEARITYTESTINGBYDACO4T:4TOHHSETTINGANDSCALING 177=

H$+.21. ADC&*$%+&p&'$&%!'&**.(LS!"!.RSp'opo*&.)

10$p$p&$%&ADC(ADS25-'oTI).O%&o&'!%,&

DAC%&'&*$*emulated*$%+!1>$"''&%opDAC(TS5671A-'oTI)$$*!10$SCSDAC8$!% .T&'&!*o%*o*&!%&!&DAC!'&!*-o

o8*.H$'*,8&!'&%!&oo$-&$%!'o&'o&&'

&"o&'o-"o&'"$!SCSDAC*o'&!$&&DAC&*-o8.

S&"o%, $* -!"$$!&* &' -&$& -! $%F&"$o% o &

DAC. I% & &p&'$&%*, &!" "''&% *o'"& $% & &!&

DAC $*'!%op&''&8$$%7o-$*%o$%!!&.

T& ADC !% DAC !& & *!& HSR o- 2 V !% !'&o

op&'!& !!*!p$%+'!&o-100#.

T&*"!$%+-!"o' $**&o25,!% $**&o60$*$*!"$&&*&$%+ !% $%H$+.=o100 ,

> ,!%6# ,'&*p&"$&.T&o--*&"o%'o"$'"$$*$p&

&%&!%O:AM:!*&(O:A22-'oTI)!%!o+!&',

!%&'&@$'&o--*&o!+&$*p'o$&NIDA(4SB

6259).T&%o$*&$*&!*'&*$%+&DACo+&%&'!&!"

o!+&!%o*&'&$*$*'$$o%!&ADC$%p&&!

*'&%o$*&*!%!'&$!$o%$*!o0.25LSB.

A.ADCTetin!E2perimental3eultT&ADC%&'&*(ADC25)$*-$'*"!'!"&'$&&

1>$ DAC (TS5671A) 8$ & '!$$o%! $%&!' $*o+'!

&*$%+.T&LSpo*$%H$+.21*o8&&!*'&DNL!%

INL &p&!#DNL!%INL!&*!'&0.7=!% 2.5>LSB,

'&*p&"$&.

T&p'opo*& oop!"# ADC &*$%+ &"%$@& $* &% !p

p$&.No& !1) &10$DAC $*&!&*$%+!1>$

o%& !% $* -!$%F&"& !% 2) & O:AM: 8& *& $%

& !%!o+ !&' !* ! &' $+ op&%oop +!$% (160 B) o

&% *'&&&*@!$.T&&!*'&&%'&**!'&*o8%$%

RS po* o- H$+. 21. T& p&!# !&* o- & &*$!&

DNL !% INL!'&0.0!% 2.5=LSB,8$"!'&&'"o*&

o&!" !!&*.

T& &*$!$o% &''o'* !'& *o8% $% H$+. 22 &

!$ DNL!%INL&!*'&&%&''o'*!'&0.19!%0.=6

LSB,'& *p&"$&.I$*8o'%o$%+!&!"DACop$**!p&

50$&* &ADC$%&*&&p&'$&%*o!&'!+&o&

%o$*&&--&".

H$+.22. ADC&*$%+&''o'*.

H$+.2=. DAC&*$%+&p&'$&%!'&**.(LS!"!.RSp'opo*&.)

B.DACTetin!E2perimental3eultT&!"!p&'-o'!%"&o- &&!&10$DAC%&'

&* $* -$'* &!*'& NI DA 8$" !* ! 16$

'&*o $o%. E!" DAC op $* *!p& P100Q $&* o

!&'!+&o & %o$*& &--&". T& LSpo* o- H$+. 2= *o8

&&!*'& DNL !% INLp&'-o'!%"& &p&!#DNL!%INL!'&0.96 !%=.57LSB,'&*p&"$&.

A*&&!&10$DAC!* !% ,

&'&!'&!o!o- &!&"''&%*o'"&*.

T&opo!+&8$ '&*p&" o&!"o- &&!&"'

'&%*o'"&*(o!& )$*$+$$&&10$ADC

(ADS25),!%&!""''&%*o'"& $*o%&!*'&Po%"&.Q

H'o & &!*'& o!+&*, & DAC I/O '!%*-&' "'& $*

"o% *'"&o&'$&&DNL!%INL&'&**!'&*o8%

$%& RSpo*o-H$+.2=.T&p&!#&*$!&DNL!%INL

!&* !'&0.97!%=.=0LSB,'&*p&"$&.

T&DACDNL/INL&*&''o'*o-&p'opo*&&"%$@&

!'& *o8%$%H$+.2>&p&!#DNL!%INL&''o'*!'&0.16

!%0.=2LSB,'&*p&"$&.T&*&'&**&o%*'!&&$%*&%

*$$$o-&p'opo*&DAC&*$%+&"%$@&!+!$%*&

%o$*&.


15/15

177> IEEETRANSACTIONSONVERYLARGESCALEINTEGRATION(VLSI)SYSTEMS,VOL.19,NO.10,OCTOBER2011

H$+.2>. DAC&*$%+&''o'*.

VIII. CONCL4SION

T$*p!p&'p'&*&%* ! *$p& & &--$"$&% *!$" oop!"#

&*$%+ &"%$@& -o' !% ADC/DACp!$' 8&% & DAC $*

! *&+&%&"''&%*&&'$%+o%&. T& &--&"$& &* '&*o$o%

$* '!$*&p'op&' *"!$%+ !% o--*&$%+ & DAC op

o & *"!$%+ -!"o'* !% & *& o- o--*& o!+&* %&&

%o & &' !""'!&. D& o & *$p$"$, 'o*%&**, !%

o8 D-T !'8!'& '&@$'&&%, &p'opo*& &"%$@& $* !

p'o$*$%+ *o$o% o SoC* 8$ o ADC !% DAC.

Ep&'$&%! '&** !*& o% "o&'"$! IC* *o8 !&'

$+ &* !""'!" "!% & !"$&& &&% $% &p'&*&%"& o-

%o$*&.

REHERENCES

;1.

;2,%o.=,pp.11?1199,3%.2005.

;1=

adc dac loopback linearity

Documents