adbtf14_f v2x technology status quo prospect implications

V2X Technology- Status Quo, Prospect & Implications -

Kyeong-Pyo Kang

Division of Innovative Transportation Technology Convergence

4th ADB Transport Forum

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Definition

§A convergence ICT enabling to seamlessly cooperate/connect between transport

components(vehicle, infrastructure, and users) for safety and efficiency

- The current ITS technology to collect data and provide information under the

separated between vehicle and infrastructure

Source : www.comesafety.org

I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)

[C-ITS definition by ISO/CEN]

A subset of the overall ITS that communicatesand share information between ITS stations togive advice or facilitate actions with the objective ofimproving safety, sustainability, efficiency andcomfort beyond the scope of stand-alone systems.

Comparison btw. the current ITS and C-ITS

Ø Current ITS

§Separated btw. road and vehicle

-Data & Services are available only when passing their devices

-Limited in quickly responding to accident (one-way)

-Focused on managing traffic flow after accident

è Follow-up management

Ø C- ITS

§Connected btw. vehicle(V) and road(I)

-Continuously communicated between road, vehicle and pedestrian

-Co-works on site are available by V2V, V2I(two-way)

-Focused on recognizing and preventing before accident

è Advanced response and prevention

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1st Safety Services 2nd 3rd

Source : ETSI TS 101 539-3 V1.1.1 (2013-11), Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);V2X Applications ; Part 3: Longitudinal Collision Risk Warning (LCRW) application requirements 4

C-ITS(V2X Tech.)Autonomous

Driving

Why needs V2X technology?


Normal Dangerous Pre-accident accident Post-accident

Applic

atio

ns(

Serv

ices

)

crashcrash

Travel cond. info.

Traffic manag.

Work zone

Near-risk warn.[Steer-Assist]

Speed limit. warn.

Prog. control[Active seat belt]

Air-bag, Seat belt

Restraint system

E-Call

E-vehicle priority control EEBL

Data recordSudden stop warn.

ACC

Speed limit info.

PassiveSafety

ActiveSafety

Com

m. T

ech.

DSRC/WAVE(V2V/V2I)

3G, LTE, etc.

FCW

Road condition

BSW/LCW

CSW

ITS C-ITS Others

Adaptive cruise control (ACC)Forward Collision Warning (FCW)Curve Speed Warning (CSW)Emergency Electronic Brake Light (EEBL)Blind Spot/Lane Change Warning (BSW/LCW)

Source : Continental. 2010. 12(edited)Why needs V2X technology? (Cont.)


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EUSource :European Activities in ITS, Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and EC-DG-CNCT

20th ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013

Ø Seven Test Sites:

• System Test Site:

- Helmond/Eindhoven, The Netherland

• Functional Test Sites:

- Tampere, Finland

- Yvelines, France,

- Frankfurt, Germany,

- Brennero, Italy,

- Gothenburg, Sweden

- Vigo, Spain

Coop TS FinlandTampere

HelmondSystem TS

SiscogaVigo

SCORE-FYvelines

AutobrenneroBrennero-Trento

simTD

Frankfurt

Test Site SwedenGothenburg

DRIVE C2X Test Sites

II. Current Situation of V2X Development

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US

Safety Pilot

Walt Disney World SpeedwayOrlando, FL Oct 2011)

VTTI Smart RoadBlacksburg VA (Nov “11)

Brainerd International RacewayBrainerd, MN (Sept 2011)

Texas Motor SpeedwayFort Worth TX (Dec ’11)

Alameda Naval Air StationAlameda CA (Jan 2012)

Michigan International Speedway Brooklyn, MI (Aug 2011)

Ø Driver Clinic Locations

Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and USDOTJan. and May 2014


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US

Safety Pilot

Ø Model Deployment Site

• Key Site Elements:

- 75 miles of instrumented roadway

- 29 roadside units

- ~3000 vehicles(Cars, trucks, buses, etc)

- Integrated, aftermarket, and retrofit

• 1 year of data collection



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Japan

ITS SPOT Services

Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and Japan-MLIT19th ITS World Congress in Vienna, Oct. 2012


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§Early Promotion of C-ITS related Infrastructures

-ITS Communication Frequency, Standards, Legislations

§Staged Promotion for C-ITS Commercialization

-Proof of Concept à Field Operational Test(FOT) à Pre-Deployment à Deployment

-US and EU lead to participation of car makers in coming deployment projects

-Japan launched ITS SPOT project in freeways, focused on V2I services

EU, US, Japan

Korea

§Finished the Proof of Concept for V2X communication technology

-u-Transportation(October,09~May,12), Smart Highway(October,10~July,14)

§Effect and Feasibility Analysis

§Master Plan for Promotion

-Pre-deployment and deployment

-Policy of C-ITS related infrastructure


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① Smartway : ITS Spot② DSSS(Driving Safety Support Systems)③ ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle)④ 2013 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration

① Smartway : ITS Spot② DSSS(Driving Safety Support Systems)③ ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle)④ 2013 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration

① ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)② C2C-CC(Communication Consortium) : 2012 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration③ COMeSafety④ FOT : TeleFOT, DriveC2X, FOTsis, SimTD, SCORE@F

① ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)② C2C-CC(Communication Consortium) : 2012 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration③ COMeSafety④ FOT : TeleFOT, DriveC2X, FOTsis, SimTD, SCORE@F

① VII : VII Architecture and Functional Requirements V1.1② VSC(Vehicle Safety Communications) : VSC Project Task3 Final Report③ CICAS(Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems)④ Connected Vehicle : 2011 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration⑤ Safety Pilot : 6 Test beds(FOT)⑥ SAE J2735

① VII : VII Architecture and Functional Requirements V1.1② VSC(Vehicle Safety Communications) : VSC Project Task3 Final Report③ CICAS(Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems)④ Connected Vehicle : 2011 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration⑤ Safety Pilot : 6 Test beds(FOT)⑥ SAE J2735

① u-Transportation Test beds(2011)② Smart Highway Test bed(2012)① u-Transportation Test beds(2011)② Smart Highway Test bed(2012)

III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation

Review of C-ITS Services

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Categories No Services

Safe Driving Support 7

• Car crash prevention, Road hazard zone driving• Road surface-weather information, Work zone driving• Traffic regulation information, Merging • Lane-changing & Passing

Autonomous Driving Support 1 • Cooperative car-following driving

Intersection Driving Support 2 • Intersection collision prevention, Signal information provision

Transportation poor protection 3 • Yellow bus guidance, School & Silver zone warning• Pedestrian collision prevention

Emergency Support 3• Emergency informing, Emergency-vehicle priority driving• Disaster informing

Cooperative Traffic Management 3• Location-based vehicle data collection• Location-based traffic information provision• Traffic management

Electronic Payment 2 • Smart toll collection, Electronic reservation & payment

Public Transportation 1 • Public transportation management

Driving Support 3 • Path explore & guidance, In-vehicle signage, Parking information

Commercial Vehicle 2 • Rental management, Commercial vehicle management

Additional Service 5• Short message exchange, POI provision, Download updating,

Advertisement & News, Internet


SUM 32


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Source : SMART Highway Project

§Car Crash Prevention Support(example)

-To prevent car crash caused by congested downstream, slow vehicle, and

accident

-Use Cases

*(Japan) Cooperative Forward Collision Warning, Traffic Jam Ahead Warning

*(EU, US) Car Breakdown Warning, Post-Crash Warning, Slow Vehicle Warning

*(Korea) Dangerous Driving Warning, Follow-Me Information, Fallen Object Warning

-V2V, I2V technology



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ØEffect Analysis based on Car Crash Scenarios

§KOTI(2012) : V2V(72%), V2I(24%), V2X(76%)


§NHTSA(2010) : V2V(79%), V2I(26%), V2X(81%)

Existing Method to apply simple C-ITS

services(V2V, V2X) to car-crash scenarios

→Overestimation

New Method to apply more available C-ITS

services to more detailed accident data


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No Categories Services1

Safe Driving Support

Car crash prevention2 Road hazard zone driving3 Road surface-weather information4 Work zone driving5 Traffic regulation information6 Merging 7 Lane-changing & Passing

8Autonomous

Driving SupportCooperative car-following driving

9Intersection

Driving Support

Intersection collision prevention

10 Signal information provision

11Transportation Poor Protection

Yellow bus guidance12 School & Silver zone warning13 Pedestrian collision prevention14

EmergencySupport

Emergency informing15 Emergency-vehicle priority driving16 Disaster informing

Traffic Safety Service based on C-ITS

New Method

ØEffect Analysis based on available C-ITS services and detailed accident data

§C-ITS services under FOT

-objective, technical requirement

-architecture, applicable case

§MOE

-The numbers(ratios) of accidents and

casualties to be prevented

§Accident data(2007~2011)

-vehicle, driver, Infrastructure(road)

-weather, environment


ØSummary

§Effects of the proposed C-ITS Services

-The ratio of accidents to be prevented : 46.3%

-The ratio of deaths to be prevented : 48.4%

-The ratio of Injuries to be prevented : 47.4%

è Annually $3.6 billions saved

Categories # of accident

# ofdeaths

# of injuries

Total 181,391 4,503 278,322

SumPreventable 83,966 2,179 131,944

Not-Preventable 97,425 2,324 146,378

RatioPreventable 46.3 % 48.4 % 47.4 %

Not-Preventable 53.7 % 51.6 % 52.6 %

Analysis Result

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ØMacroscopic Method : B/C ratio

§Cost Calculation

-Building cost of infrastructure(RSE) based on smart highway project

-Road-Side Equipment(H/W and S/W) of sensing and communicating functions

§Benefit Calculation

-Cost of human damage, Cost of material damage

-Divided into pure cost, police cost, and PSG(Pain, Suffering, Grief)

è B/C ratio = 1.3~3.0 (Feasible for introduction)

*Note: only safety benefit considered, but mobility benefit not considered

Feasibility Analysis

Infrastructure Cost(Smart highway test bed)

Benefit(Accident Cost)Saved by C-ITS

Feasibility Analysis(B/C ratio)


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ØUS : Deployment for mobility and sustainability as well as Safety

§Connected Vehicle(CV) Pilot Deployment Program

IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion

Research and Development

Share Data

Share Data

PRE-DEPLOYMENT PHASE 1Program Activity Area

Pilot Deployments

Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach

Application Development and Open Source

DEVELOP AND DEPLOYPHASE 2

OPERATE AND EVALUATEPHASE 3

9/13 9/15 9/17 9/20

Impact Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analyses

Open Data

National-Level Analytics and CV Pilot Program Evaluation

SCMS Prototyping and Integration Testing†

All CV Prototype Applications Ready for Pilot Deployment

FHWA Implementation Guidance

Share Code, Concepts from CV Prototyping†

Share CV Pilot DataShare Pre-Pilot Prototyping and Impact Assessment Data†

Share Data

Wave 1 Pilot Deployments

Wave 2 Pilot Deployments

Concept Dev. Design/Deploy/Test Maintain and Operate PilotProgress Gate Progress Gate

Share DataConcept Dev. Design/Deploy/Test Maintain and Operate Pilot

Progress Gate Progress Gate

Post-Pilot Ops*

Security Management and Certification

Wave 1 Procurement Planning

Wave 2 Planning

Share Applications Deployed in Pilot Deployments

CV Application Prototyping and Demonstration†

Pre-Pilot Deployment Stakeholder Engagement Post-Pilot, Deployment-Focused Stakeholder Engagement

Wave 1 Pilot Deployment Site Impact Assessments

Pilot Impact Assessment Planning

CV Application Impact Assessments†

CV Analysis, Modeling and Simulation Testbeds†

Wave 2 Pilot Deployment Site Impact Assessments

Share Code, Concepts



Share Code, Concepts Final Prototype SCMS Complete

Share Methods, Tools

Share Data


Share Data

Share Methods, ToolsShare Data


Precursor Activity

Precursor Activity

Precursor Activity


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ØEU : Emission and road casualties by 2020/2050

§Roadside cooperative ITS infrastructure for the initial services in the Cooperative ITS

- Initial deployment with simple and non complex services achieving clear user

benefits even with limited penetration and limited hot spot implementation


Source :European Activities in ITS, Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and EC-DG-CNCT20th ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013


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ØJapan : ITS for Sustainability

§To realize sustainable mobility

- Next generation cooperative system

to support safety driving

- Next generation logistics for

automated cruising of convoy

- Next generation mobility network for

integration of mobility, energy and

information


Source : For Sustainable Mobile Society with ITS, ITS Japan20th ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013


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ØWhy needs it?

§Car market and in-vehicle devices(AM and BM)

§Global safety and security

ØITS International standards organizations

§ ISO TC204 WG18

§CEN TC278 WG16

Standardization

EU-US

Safety Applications

SustainabilityApplications

StandardsHarmonization

AssessmentTools

Safety Applications

GlossaryTerms

US-Japan

InternationalStandards

Evaluation Tools & Methods Driver Clinics

US-Korea

Safety Standards Pilot


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ØRequirement of V2V technology as well as Safety and Security

ØUSDOT

§Decision to move forward with V2V communication

technology for light vehicles(Feb. 2014)

§Advanced notice of proposed rulemaking(ANPRM);

notice of availability of technical report

§Key contents

- New Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards(FMVSS) to

require V2V comm. capability for light vehicles(passenger

cars and light truck vehicles, LTVs)

- Min. performance requirements for V2V devices and

messages

ØEU, Japan, Korea

Legislation


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ØLong-term Strategies

Korea Master Plan for New Generation ITS

2014~2020

2021~2025Expressways 68%

Expressways 100%National roads 16%,

Urban roads 12%

Expressways 100%National roads 67%,

Urban roads 17%

2026~2030

Mainly V2I based on safety in expressways

V2I and V2V based on safety in metropolitan

V2V+V2P based on safety in urban areas

Basic type for market

OBU 10%

Introduction

Expansion

Maturity

OBU 50%

Control Interfaced

Equipped for commercial veh.

OBU 70%

Equipped for passenger veh.

Autonomous road and veh.

traffic accident deathZero


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Thank you

adbtf14_f v2x technology status quo prospect implications

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