adaptive radiation
DESCRIPTION
Adaptive Radiation. Cambrian Explosion. Cambrian Explosion. Fig. 25-10. 500. Sponges. Cnidarians. Molluscs. Annelids. Chordates. Arthropods. Brachiopods. Echinoderms. Early Paleozoic era (Cambrian period). Millions of years ago. 542. Late Proterozoic eon. Fig. 25-18. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Adaptive Radiation
Cambrian Explosion
Cambrian Explosion
Fig. 25-10
Spon
ges
LateProterozoiceon
EarlyPaleozoicera(Cambrianperiod)
Cnid
aria
ns
Anne
lids
Brac
hiop
ods
Echi
node
rms
Chor
date
s
Mill
ions
of y
ears
ago
500
542
Arth
ropo
ds
Mol
lusc
s
Fig. 25-18
Close North American relative,the tarweed Carlquistia muirii
Argyroxiphium sandwicense
Dubautia linearisDubautia scabra
Dubautia waialealae
Dubautia laxa
HAWAII0.4
millionyears
OAHU3.7
millionyears
KAUAI5.1
millionyears
1.3millionyears
MOLOKAIMAUI
LANAI
Dawkins on Hawaiian Drosophila
Studying Hawaiian Drosophila
Melawi eye biter
Scale-eatingcichlid
Placental and marsupial mammals radiated soon after dinosaur extinction,AND after many other mammal lineages also went extinct (see next slide)
Radiation due to key character evolution?
Russell 1968
4 genera appeared over a 2 my period
Pappogeomys, Cratogeomys, and Orthogeomys diverged over 800,000 years
Molecular data also support a relatively rapid radiation…
From Korth 1994Tertiary Record of Rodents of North America
•The fossil record indicates rapid radiation leading to modern pocket gopher genera in the Blancan•Radiation corresponds with increase in hypsodonty and expansion of grassland
Maybe expansion of Blancan grasslands was responsible for pocket gopher radiation?
Replicated sister-group comparisons:
allow a more refined approach to assessing “key characters” as causes of adaptive radiations
Both clades of herbivorous insects are more taxonomically diverse than their sister groupsThis pattern was seen in 11 of 13 sister group comparisons of herbivorous vs. other
Example radiation: Land plants are a monophyletic group that has evolved fit many ecological niches
Waxy cuticle prevents water loss
Stomata allow gas exchangethrough the waxy cuticle