adaptive immunity
DESCRIPTION
Adaptive Immunity. Response occurs within days of the infection Highly specific Highly diverse Memory component Major cell types involved: T cells, B cells and antigen presenting cells. Antigens and Antibodies (CH4). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Adaptive ImmunityResponse occurs within days of the infection
Highly specific
Highly diverse
Memory component
Major cell types involved: T cells, B cells and antigen presenting cells
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Antigens and Antibodies (CH4)Antigen – any substance that binds specifically to an antibody or a T cell receptor (TCR).
Antibody- a protein (immunoglobulin) that recognizes a specific region (component) of an antigen.
Naïve B cells – membrane-boundActivated B cells (plasma cells) – soluble (have been secreted)
Immunogen- a substance capable of eliciting an immune response.
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EpitopeEpitope – portion of an antigen that reacts with an antibody or T cell receptor (TCR) also known as an antigenic determinant.
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Properties of immunogenicityForeignness – molecule must be recognized as foreign.
tolerance – unresponsiveness to self antigens.
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Properties of immunogenicityMolecular size –correlation between size an immunogenicity.
Bigger is better – i.e. macromolecules
Chemical composition/complexity
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Properties of immunogenicityProcessing and presentation – important for T cell responses, ability of the antigen to be phagocytosed and processed.
LargeInsolubleAggregates
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ImmunogenicityImmunogenicity also depends on:
Host factorsDosageRoute of entry
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Recall:Jerne, Talmadge & Burnet – clonal selection theory
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Antibody Structure
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Antibody-Mediated Effector FunctionsOpsonization – promotion of phyagocytosis of antigens by macrophages and neutrophils.
Fc receptor (FcR)
Metzger 1994
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Antibody-Mediated Effector FunctionsActivate and assist complement system
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Antibody ClassesImmunoglobulin G (IgG)
Most abundant class Four subclassesActivate complement system
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Antibody ClassesImmunoglobulin M (IgM)
Pentamer1st class produced in responseto an antigenActivates complement system
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Antibody ClassesImmunoglobulin A (IgA)
Predominant class in secretions Secretory IgA
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Antibody ClassesImmunoglobulin E (IgE)
Hypersensitivity reactions
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Antibody ClassesImmunoglobulin D (IgD)
Major membrane-bound immunoglobulin expressed by mature B cells.
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Antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins
IsotypeAllotypeIdiotype