adaptations and policies for food security
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Adaptations and policies for food security. Presented by Johann Bell. Authors. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Adaptations and policies for food security
Presented by Johann Bell
This presentation is based on Chapter 13 ‘Adapting tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change: management measures, policies and investments’ in the book Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change, edited by JD Bell, JE Johnson and AJ Hobday and published by SPC in 2011.
The authors of Chapter 13 are: Johann Bell, Neil Andrew, Michael Batty, Lindsay Chapman, Jeffrey Dambacher, Brian Dawson, Alex Ganachaud, Peter Gehrke, John Hampton, Alistair Hobday, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Johanna Johnson, Jeff Kinch, Robert Le Borgne, Patrick Lehodey, Janice Lough, Tim Pickering, Morgan Pratchett, Aliti Vunisea and Michelle Waycott
Authors
Purpose• Practical adaptations and policies are
needed to minimise and fill the gapQ
uanti
ty o
f fish
/hab
itat
Qua
ntity
of fi
sh/h
abita
t
Time
Well-managed fisheries
Fish needed by growing population
Fish needed by growing population
Fish available from coastal stocks
Fish available from coastal stocks
Poorly-managed fisheries
Gap in supply of fish to be filled
Time
Fish available from stocks
Fish available from stocks
Fish habitat
Fish habitat
a)
b)
Adaptation decision framework
Lose-Lose
X X
Lose-Win
X
Win-Win
x
X
Long-term Loss Long-term GainN
ear-
term
Gai
nN
ear-
term
Los
sAddresses climate change
Addr
esse
s pr
esen
t driv
ers
After Grafton (2010)
Win-Lose
Win-win adaptationsManage and restore vegetation cover in catchments
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Improves resilience of coral reef, mangrove and seagrass habitats
Win-win adaptationsSustain production of fish stocks
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure replenishment and build resilience of key species
Win-win adaptationsStore and distribute tuna and bycatch from industrial fleets to urban areas
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Win-win adaptations
Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Win-win adaptations
Improve post-harvest methods
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Photo: Jocelyn Carlin
Win-win adaptationsDevelop pond aquaculture in rural and peri-urban areas
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Photo: Ben Ponia
Win-win adaptations
Develop coastal fisheries for small pelagic species
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L?
Photo: Nathalie Behring
Other adaptationsProvide for landward migration of coastal fish habitats
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Other adaptationsReduce and diversify catches of demersal fish
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Greater focus on herbivorous fish
Other adaptationsAllow for expansion of freshwater fish habitats
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Other adaptationsModify locations and infrastructure for aquaculture
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Suggested supporting policies
• Strengthen governance of agriculture, forestry and mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water quality
• Minimise barriers to migration of coastal and freshwater habitats
• Promote mangrove replanting programmes• Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal and
freshwater stocks to maintain their potential for replenishment
Suggested supporting policies
• Restrict export of demersal fish to retain them for national food security
• Increase access to tuna for the food security by reducing national allocations to industrial fleets
• Capitalise on opportunities for freshwater pond aquaculture
• Limit farming of Nile tilapia to catchments where tilapia species are already established, or there is a shortage of fish
Key investments Revegetation of catchments to trap sediment and
maintain riparian (stream side) buffer zones Modify infrastructure to allow habitats to migrate Implement community-based ecosystem approach to
fisheries management Develop business models and incentives to store,
process and distribute of low-cost tuna and bycatch Assess feasibility of using licence fees to offset cost of
locally-canned tuna for inland populations
Key investments
Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs Programmes to install and maintain FADs Identify prime locations for peri-urban and rural
pond aquaculture Hatcheries and networks to deliver juvenilesEvaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop
fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture; and scale-up post-harvest processing
Conclusions
• Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities
• Supporting policies and investments are needed
• Integrate adaptations, policies and investments into national strategies and action plans for climate change, including community-based actions supported by partners