Adaptation to Climate Change of the Mediterranean

Agricultural System:

ACLIMAS project experiences in Jordan

SWIM - Sustainable Water Integrated

Management Demonstration Project

Training course on “Maximizing productivity of wheat and barley under dry- land systems”

8-10 June 2015

Yahya Shakhatreh, NCARE, Jordan

www.aclimas.eu

TARGET AREAS AND CROPS

Chaouia Ourdigha ,

Morocco

(wheat, barley,

chickpea, lentil,

forage legume)

Northern Tunisia,

Tunisia

(wheat, barley,

chickpea,

faba bean )

West Nubaria,

Egypt

(chick pea,

faba bean)

Bekaa Valley,

Lebanon

(wheat,

barley)

Aleppo

Plateau,

Syria

(wheat,

barley)

Irbid,

Jordan

(wheat,

barley,

legumes)

OVERALL OBJECTIVE: to bring a durable improvement in the

agricultural water management and a broader socio-economic

development in target areas in the context of adaptation to climate

change, increasing water scarcity, and desertification risk.

Country Region Name of the target areas

Morocco Chaouia Ourdigha Oulad Said, Sidi El Aidi, Tamadroust, Berrechid,

Ain Nzagh, Sidi Mohamed Ben Rahal

Tunisia North-Eastern Tunisia,

South-Eastern Tunisia

Capbon, Manouba, Saida, Mhamedia, Grombalia,

Médenine Governorate

Egypt Western Nubaria Entelak, Tiba

Jordan Irbid Governorate Bani Kananeh, Bani Obaid, Quasbat Irbid, Al-Ramtha

Lebanon Bekaa Valley El Hermel, Baalbeck, Zahle, West Bekaa

Algeria Wilaya of Ain Defla Khmese Melanah

Khmese Melanah

(Wilaya of Ain Defla),

Algeria

(wheat, barley)

Specific Objectives

• To improve the initial conditions (local offices, stations, and demonstration fields)

for lasting promotion of sustainable agricultural practices in target areas.

• To demonstrate the applicability for the selected combinations of genotypes and

water management practices (including water harvesting and conservation tillage)

at demonstration fields;

• To adapt/stabilize agricultural production through large scale on-ground

implementation of the best performing genotypes and water

harvesting/management practices;

• To evaluate the on-ground sustainability of the proposed adaptation measures

considering the economic, social and environmental dimensions at farm level;

• To train local farmers and growers on the application and implementation of

proposed management practices;

• To disseminate the results of the action through the thematic guidelines,

brochures, field days, seminars, video material and a dedicated web page.

Project Demonstration experiments

Trials

Offices

Maru Research Station Irbid, Jordan

Demonstration 2013/2014

Altitude: 590 m

Rainfall: 412 mm

Soil type: heavy clay;

available water 180 mm m-1

Monthly rainfall (mm)

Monthly mean temp. (mm)

Tillage x Wheat Cultivars

- 5 Durum wheat cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

Tillage x Barley Cultivars

- 2 Spring barley cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date

- 2 Durum wheat cultivars

- Conventional

- Zero tillage

- 3 Sowing dates

Rainfed

Full irrigation

- 1st irr pre-anthesis

- 2nd irr post-anthesis

Supplemental 1

- irr pre-anthesis

Supplemental 2

- irr post-anthesis

Irrigation x Crop Species - Durum wheat and barley

- Rainfed (control)

- Full irrigation

- Supplemental irrigation

1.Demonstration 1 – Irrigation x Crop Species (wheat and barley)

Three irrigation levels:

i) Rainfed (control); ii) “Full irrigation” (two applications during the growing season to return to field capacity): a. 1st application - three to one week before beginning of flowering (GS61), calculated to 60 cm soil depth; b. 2nd application - 7 to 10 days after GS61, calculated to 90 cm soil depth; iii) Supplemental irrigation (one application during the growing season):application: three to one week before flowering (GS61).

Table 1. Ears m-2, grains m-2, thousand grain weight (TGW), above ground dry matter

(AGDM), grain yield and harvest index (HI) for barley CV Muta’ and wheat CV Acsad65

under rain-fed, supplemental irrigation (sup-irrig) and full irrigation (full-irrig).

Genotype Irrigation Ears

m-2

Grains

m-2

TGW

(g)

AGDM

(Mg ha-1)

Grain Yield

(Mg ha-1)

HI

Barley Rain-fed 315 4333 40.8 3.76 1.76 0.47

(Múta) sup-irrig 336 5233 44.7 4.77 2.33 0.49

full-irrig 367 6351 39.7 4.99 2.52 0.51

Average 339 5306 41.7 4.50 2.20 0.49

Wheat Rain-fed 371 5073 55.8 6.83 2.82 0.43

(ACSAD65) sup-irrig 346 7517 43.1 8.03 3.23 0.40

full-irrig 454 9854 42.0 10.46 4.10 0.40

Average 391 7481 47.0 8.44 3.38 0.41

SEDGenotype df = 10 29.1ns 375.1*** 1.32** 0.569*** 0.091*** 0.027*

SEDIrrigation df = 10 35.7ns 459.4*** 1.61** 0.697* 0.111*** 0.033ns

SEDGenotype*Irrigation df = 10 50.4ns 649.6* 2.28*** 0.985ns 0.158* 0.047ns

* for p ≤ 0.05, ** for p ≤ 0.01, *** for p ≤ 0.001 and ns for non significant result of the

ANOVA test.

Irrigation x Crop Species - Biomass and grain yield

Rainfed

Sup-Irrigation

(50 mm @ 14 d pre-anthesis)

Full-Irrigation

(50 mm @ 14 d pre-anthesis + 10 post-anthesis)

• 2 Crop species:

- Durum wheat cv ACSAD65 ~ high yield potential

- Barley cv Muta ~ drought tolerant

• Complete randomized block design (3 reps)

• Plot size - 20 m2

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Barley Durum Wheat

Gra

in Y

ield

(M

G g

ha

-1) SED Gen x Irr (df 10) *

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Barley Durum Wheat

AG

DM

(M

G g

ha

-1)

SED Gen x Irr (df 10) ns

Treatment BY (Kg/ha) GY (Kg/ha)

Water

Consumption

(mm)

WUE

(Kg/m3)

BY

WUE

(Kg/m3)

GY

Rainfall 7026 1532 244.80 2.87 0.63

Supp.Irrigation 8677 2054 295.80 2.93 0.69

Full Irrigation 8822 2245 341.30 2.58 0.66

Treatment BY (Kg/ha) GY (Kg/ha) Water

Consumption

(mm)

WUE

(Kg/m3)

BY

WUE

(Kg/m3)

GY

Rainfall 5825 2502 260.50 2.24 0.96

Supp. Irrigation 7407 2858 301.80 2.45 0.95

Full Irrigation 8877 3731 349.40 2.54 1.07

Table 2. Barley biological yield (BY) , grain yield (GY) and water use efficiency (WUE) for different irrigation levels.

Table 3. Wheat biological yield (BY) grain yield (GY) and water use efficiency (WUE) for different irrigation levels.

Irrigation x Crop Species – Water Use and WUE

Water uptake to 60 cm soil depth similar in barley and durum wheat

Trend for increased water productivity with Supp-Irr in durum wheat

Irrigation x Crop Species - Summary

- Supplemental-Irrigation:

Grain yield by 32.3% in barley & 14.6% in durum wheat;

Full-Irrigation:

Grain yield by 43.1% in barley & 45.3% in durum wheat;

- Trend for improved biomass WUE in Sup-Irr in durum wheat.

- Barley more drought tolerant than durum wheat.

Tillage x cultivar durum Wheat: five varieties with two tillage systems (10

combinations)

310 309 308 307 306 305 304 303 302 301

Conv -

Cham1

Conv -

ACSAD65

Conv -

Umqais

Conv -

Hurani

Conv -

ACSAD1187

Zero -

Umqais

Zero -

Hurani

Zero -

Cham1

Zero -

ACSAD1187

Zero -

ACSAD65

2.5 m (1

seeder runs)

2 m

210 209 208 207 206 205 204 203 202 201

Conv -

Cham1

Conv -

ACSAD65

Conv -

ACSAD1187

Conv -

Hurani

Conv -

Umqais

Zero -

ACSAD65

Zero -

Cham1

Zero -

ACSAD1187

Zero -

Umqais

Zero -

Hurani

110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101

Conv -

ACSAD1187

Conv -

Hurani

Conv -

ACSAD65

Conv -

Umqais

Conv -

Cham1

Zero -

ACSAD65

Zero -

ACSAD1187

Zero -

Umqais

Zero -

Cham1

Zero -

Hurani

streetN

R1

R2

R3

Tillage x Wheat cultivar – Biomass and GY

Table 4. Ears m-2, grains m-2, thousand grain weight (TGW), above ground dry matter (AGDM), grain y ield and harvest

index (HI) for Wheat CVs: ACSAD1187, ACSAD65, Cham1, Hurani and Umqais growing under conventional tillage (CT)

and zero tillage (ZT).

Tillage Irrigation Ears

m-2

Grains

m-2

TGW

(g)

AGDM

(Mg ha-1)

Grain Yield

(Mg ha-1) HI

CT ACSAD118

7 349 7180 35.5 8.33 2.57 0.31

ACSAD65 347 5850 33.5 6.79 1.90 0.28

Cham1 354 6760 28.9 7.89 1.94 0.25

Hurani 458 6392 27.8 7.19 1.77 0.25

Umqais 268 4694 39.3 6.96 1.82 0.26

Average 355 6175 33.0 7.43 2.00 0.27

ZT ACSAD118

7 416 7711 33.6 8.86 2.59 0.29

ACSAD65 384 6805 33.8 8.08 2.26 0.28

Cham1 506 7719 27.2 8.16 2.06 0.25

Hurani 381 6413 30.3 7.41 1.94 0.26

Umqais 473 7385 27.3 8.30 2.01 0.24

Average 432 7206 30.5 8.16 2.17 0.27

SEDTillage (df) 20.1ns (2) 340.5ns (2) 1.31ns (2) 0.340ns (2) 0.042* (2) 0.011ns (2)

SEDGenotype (df) 44.2ns

(16) 550.5ns (16) 2.42* (16) 0.468ns (16) 0.159** (16) 0.015* (16)

SEDTillage*Genotype (df) 59.4*

(18) 775.1ns (16.9) 3.33ns (17.7) 0.682ns (15.1) 0.205ns (17.2) 0.047ns (15.0)

Tillage x Wheat cultivar – Biomass and GY

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

AC

SAD

11

87

AC

SAD

65

Ch

am1

Hu

ran

i

Um

qai

s

AC

SAD

11

87

AC

SAD

65

Ch

am1

Hu

ran

i

Um

qai

s

CT ZT

Gra

in y

ield

(M

g h

a-1

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

AC

SAD

11

87

AC

SAD

65

Ch

am1

Hu

ran

i

Um

qai

s

AC

SAD

11

87

AC

SAD

65

Ch

am1

Hu

ran

i

Um

qai

s

CT ZT

AG

DM

(M

g h

a-1

)

Above-ground biomass Grain yield

Tillage x Wheat cultivar – Water Use and WUE

Tillage Wheat Varity BY

(Kg/ha)

GY

(Kg/ha)

Water

Consumption

(mm)

WUE

(Kg/m3)

BY

WUE

(Kg/m3)

GY

ZT Hurani 5995 1734 264.2 2.27 0.66

CT Hurani 4982 1589 266.6 1.87 0.60

ZT Cham 1 5999 1897 267.2 2.25 0.71

CT Cham 1 5565 1686 268.3 2.07 0.63

ZT Umqais 6799 1842 265.6 2.56 0.69

CT Umqais 5922 1553 266.4 2.22 0.58

ZT ACSAD1187 7182 2338 265.4 2.71 0.88

CT ACSAD1187 6742 2275 267.2 2.52 0.85

ZT ACSAD65 6512 2027 263.4 2.47 0.77

CT ACSAD65 5604 1675 266.5 2.10 0.63

ZT Mean 6497 1968 265 2.45 0.74

CT Mean 5763 1756 267 2.15 0.66

Biological yield (BY), grain yield (GY) and water use efficiency (WUE) for five wheat cultivars under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT).

Tillage x Wheat cultivar-

summary

Tillage x cultivar Barley: two varieties with two tillage systems

0

2

4

6

8

Mùta Rum Mùta Rum

CT ZT

AG

DM

Mg

ha

-1Tillage x Barley cultivar – AGDM and Grain yield

0

2

4

Mùta Rum Mùta Rum

CT ZT

Gra

in Y

ield

Mg

ha

-1

Tillag

e

Barle

y

Varity

BY

(Kg/ha

)

GY

(Kg/ha)

Water

Use(mm

)

WUE

(Kg/m3) BY

WUE

(Kg/m3)

GY

ZT Muta’ 8326 2767 263.2 3.16 1.05

CT Muta’ 9288 2590 265.6 3.50 0.98

ZT Rum 10491 3280 266.7 3.93 1.23

CT Rum 9473 2745 266.3 3.56 1.03

Biological yield (BY) , (GY) and water-use efficiency (WUE) for Barley CVs: Muta’ and Rum growing under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT).

Tillage x Barley cultivar – Water Use and WUE

Tillage x Cultivar Durum wheat x Sowing date : three sowing dates with two varieties

and two tillage systems

312 311 310 309 308 307 306 305 304 303 302 301

Conv

Hurani

Mid

Conv

Hurani

Early

Conv

Hurani

Late

Conv

ACSAD65

Early

Conv

ACSAD65

Late

Conv

ACSAD65

Mid

Zero

ACSAD65

Early

Zero

ACSAD65

Late

Zero

ACSAD65

Mid

Zero

Hurani

Late

Zero

Hurani

Early

Zero

Hurani

Mid

212 211 210 209 208 207 206 205 204 203 202 201

Conv

ACSAD65

Early

Conv

ACSAD65

Late

Conv

ACSAD65

Mid

Conv

Hurani

Early

Conv

Hurani

Mid

Conv

Hurani

Late

Zero

ACSAD65

Late

Zero

ACSAD65

Early

Zero

ACSAD65

Mid

Zero

Hurani

Early

Zero

Hurani

Late

Zero

Hurani

Mid

112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101

Conv

ACSAD65

Mid

Conv

ACSAD65

Early

Conv

ACSAD65

Late

Conv

Hurani

Early

Conv

Hurani

Late

Conv

Hurani

Mid

Zero

Hurani

Mid

Zero

Hurani

Early

Zero

Hurani

Late

Zero

ACSAD65

Mid

Zero

ACSAD65

Late

Zero

ACSAD65

Early

streetN

R1

R2

R3

2 m 0.5 m

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date – Biomass and GY Table7. Ears m-2, grains m-2, thousand grain weight (TGW), above ground dry matter (AGDM), grain yield and harvest index (HI) for wheat CVs: ACSAD65 and Hurani growing under conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) at three sowing dates: Early (14/11/2013), Mid (21/12/2013) and late (14/1/2014).

Tillage Genotype Sowing Ears

m-2

Grains

m-2

TGW

(g)

AGDM

(Mg ha-1)

Grain Yield

(Mg ha-1) HI

CT ACSA

D65 Early 226 3434 54.6 5.08 1.87 0.37

Mid 338 5492 37.8 7.94 2.07 0.27

Late 174 2056 62.6 3.39 1.27 0.37

Hurani Early 230 3407 52.8 5.35 1.79 0.34

Mid 297 4894 40.6 6.73 1.98 0.30

Late 149 1516 59.2 2.43 0.88 0.37

Average 236 3467 51.2 5.15 1.64 0.34

ZT ACSA

D65 Early 251 2280 61.6 3.77 1.37 0.36

Mid 355 5444 36.0 7.31 1.97 0.27

Late 221 2473 55.9 3.64 1.32 0.36

Hurani Early 294 3533 41.4 4.63 1.49 0.32

Mid 349 4411 37.0 6.54 1.63 0.25

Late 194 2282 53.2 3.56 1.21 0.35

Average 277 3404 47.5 4.91 1.50 0.32 SEDTillage (df) 1.9*** (2) 160.0ns (2) 3.89ns (2) 0.166ns (2) 0.052ns (2) 0.012ns (2)

SEDGenotype (df) 12.7ns (4) 295.4ns (4) 0.90* (4) 0.412ns (4) 0.156ns (4) 0.008ns (4)

SEDSowing (df) 22.8*** (16) 309.6*** (16) 2.26*** (16) 0.466*** (16) 0.138*** (16) 0.016*** (16)

SEDTillage*Genotype (df) 12.8ns (4.2) 336.0ns (5.71) 3.99* (2.2) 0.444ns (5.13) 0.164ns (4.83) 0.014ns (3.9)

SEDTillage*Sowing (df) 26.4ns (16.2) 391.6ns (17.5) 4.69ns (4.1) 0.563ns (17.9) 0.168ns (18.0) 0.022ns (13.9)

SEDGenotype*Sowing (df) 29.2ns (20.0) 463.7ns (15.8) 2.76* (18.9) 0.678ns (16.9) 0.223ns (13.2) 0.021ns (19.7)

SEDTillage*Genotype*Sowing (df) 39.4ns (19.0) 607.0ns (21.5) 5.44ns (6.9) 0.881ns (21.1) 0.279ns (19.4) 0.030ns (19.8)

0

2

4

6

8

Early Mid Late Early Mid Late

ACSAD65 Hurani

AG

DM

(M

g h

a-1)

0

2

4

6

8

Early Mid Late Early Mid Late

ACSAD65 Hurani

AG

DM

(M

g h

a-1

)Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date – Biomass and GY

CT ZT SED Tillage x Sowing (df 4) ns

ZT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Early Mid Late Early Mid Late

ACSAD65 Hurani

Gra

in Y

ield

(M

g h

a-1

)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Early Mid Late Early Mid Late

ACSAD65 Hurani

Gra

in Y

ield

(M

g h

a-1

)

CT ZT SED Tillage x Sowing (df 4)ns

Tillage Sowing

date

BY

(Kg/ha)

GY

(Kg/ha)

Water Use

(mm)

WUE

(Kg/m3) BY

WUE

(Kg/m3)GY

ZT Early 6440 1733 264.2 2.44 0.66

ZT Mid 5972 1773 222.6 2.69 0.80

ZT Late 4232 1283 166.6 2.54 0.77

Ave 2.55 0.74

CT Early 5733 1580 266.6 2.15 0.59

CT Mid 5536 1607 218.4 2.54 0.74

CT Late 3378 1139 173.8 1.95 0.66

Ave 2.2 0.66

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date – Water Use and WUE

Tillage x Wheat x Sowing date - Summary

- Late sowing date:

AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2

- Zero Tillage:

Early sowing — slightly AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m-2

Mid sowing — AGDM, Grain yield and Grains m

ZT, Early to Mid Sowing and Improved Cultivars

reveled important for wheat yield stability under

rainfed conditions Jordan

Good Agricultural Practices

Introduction and Justification

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT: year 2050 vs. baseline (1961-2000)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Tem

pe

ratu

re (

°C)

Temperature changes 2050 vs present

Min temp Max temp

Climate change projections for the medium-term (2050 as average over 2041-2060) were defined for Irbid governorate as average over 19 Global Circulation Models based on the RCP4.5 scenario, which is a medium emission scenario. For simplicity main results indicate average values, and not uncertainty (especially significant for precipitation). According to these medium-term climate projections, Irbid will experience an average increase in mean annual temperature of 2.2 °C (1.3 to 3.0 °C according to different GCMs)

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

Th

erm

al t

ime

acc

um

ula

ted

(°C

d) Thermal accumulation over time

Present 2050

Seasonally, increases in temperature will be greater in summer and lower in winter. Maximum temperatures would face larger increases than minimum temperatures, especially for winter and spring wherein daily temperature ranges widens. Higher temperatures will lead to increasing evapotranspiration and crop water demand. Increasing temperatures will also raise thermal accumulation over time, measured as Growing Degree Days (°C d, Tbase = 0 °C), shortening crop growing seasons.

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

ΔP

reci

pit

ati

on

/ E

To (

mm

.mo

nth

-1) Changes in precipitation & ETo - 2050 vs present

Prec ETo

The average projected precipitations will show a significant reduction of about 12% for 2050. However, the changes in precipitation projected by different GCMs vary, with uncertainty ranging between -5 to -24%. Reduction of precipitation will be more evident in winter and partial in spring. Higher temperature will increase evapotranspiration and vegetation water requirements. This, together with reduced precipitations, will amplify aridity and soil water deficit

Precipitation, Seasonal precipitation, Karak

Comparison for Karak villages, in different seasons

Autumn

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

Samakiyyah Ader Sul

Pre

cip

itati

on

(m

m)

Current A1b A2

Spring

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

Samakiyyah Ader Sul

Pre

cip

itati

on

(m

m)

Current A1b A2

Annual

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

Samakiyyah Ader Sul

Pre

cip

ita

tio

n (

mm

)

Current A1b A2

Winter

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

Samakiyyah Ader Sul

Pre

cip

itati

on

(m

m)

Current A1b A2

Temperature

Monthly Minimum Temperature, Raba

Rabbah - Minimum Temperature Scenarios

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Curr A1b A2

Opportunities

• CA or ZT •Improved Varieties

•Full-package

Conservation Agriculture

ما هي الزراعة الحافظة ؟

هي مجموعة من الممارسات الزراعية التي تطبق عىقا التربقة

الزراعية والتي تؤدي إلا تحسقين مووااتاقا وترويباقا وتاوعاقا

الحيققوي الطبي ققي وحمايتاققا مققن عمىيققات التققدهور وا اجققرا

والت رية

According to FAO, (CA) is an approach to

managing agro-ecosystems for improved and

sustained productivity, increased profits and

food security while preserving and enhancing

the resource base and the

environment.

CA principles

• Continuous no- or minimal mechanical soil disturbance ( no-tillage and

direct sowing or broadcasting of crop seeds, and direct placing of planting

material in

the soil;

• Permanent organic soil cover, especially by crop residues

• Diversification of crop species grown in sequence or

associations through rotations or, in case of perennial

crops, associations of plants, including a balanced mix

of legume and non legume crops

استخدام الزراعة

لىبذور المباشرة

إتباع الدورات

الزراعية المااسبة ادارة بقايا

المحصول

موافحة ا عشاب

زيادة وفاءة استخدام المياه

أعادة خصوبة التربة

توقير توىفة الطاقة

تقىيل تسامي غاز ثااي اوسيد الوربون

المبادىء الرئيسية في الزراعة الحافظة

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Tot

2012

2013

2014

Monthly rainfall (mm ) distribution in Raba station during the three seasons 2011-

2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Tot

2012

2013

2014

Monthly rainfall (mm ) distribution in Gheer station during the three seasons

2011-2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014.

overall average of soil moisture (%) for barley, Bekia and Karsenademonstrations implemented in Al Karak

governorate during three growing season.

4.81 5.14

5.78

4.18 4.52

5.23

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Barley Bekia Karsena

ZT

CT

2737

1712 1651

2411

1629

1442

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Barley Bekia Karsena

ZT

CT

Overall average of BY (kg/ha)

12%

696

575

458

564

520

441

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Barley Bekia Karsena

ZT

CT

Overall average of GY (kg/ha)

19%

2995

2493 2363

801 644 611

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

زراعة تقليدية للصنف رم زراعةحافظة للصنف رم زراعة حافظة للصنف مؤته

االنتاج الكلي

انتاج الحبوب

22 % BY and 24% GY

Conclusions

Barley crop

• In all the demonstrations biological and grain yields planted under ZT system

were found higher than CT

• The increase of ZT over CT was 12 and 19 % for biological yield and grain

yield, respectively.

• Yields of tested varieties were varied under ZT and crop improvements play an

important role under climate change. (Adrouh and Muta’) 22 % and 24 %

• Soil moisture ZT

Location

Conservation Agriculture Fields

BYLD

Kg/ha

GYLD Kg/ha WUE

Kg/m3

Raba 6000 1490 0.503

Qasur 4500 1360 0.491

Smakeh 3000 820 0.270

Raba2 4000 510 0.162

Al Mazar 1750 730 0.234

Grand mean 3850 982 0.33

Conventional agricultural Fields

Raba 2000 570 0.198

Qasur 3000 730 0.245

Smakeh 2000 780 0.238

Raba2 2200 580 0.184

Al Mazar 2500 1270 0.384

Grand mean 2000 570 0.198

Comparison between conservation and conventional agriculture fields in biological yield,

grain yield and WUE. (Karak region)

On-ground Implementation 2012/13

No Name Region Crop Variety Tilage BYLD(k

g/ha

GYLD(kg/ha Area (ha)

1 Shukri Saeed ababneh Irbid Wheat Acsad 65 CT 4192.0 1718.0 2.7

ZT 4437.0 1825.0

2 Ahmed Mfleh Obedat Bani Khananeh Wheat Cham 1 CT 6048 3004 2.5

ZT 8056 4008

3 Naser Ibrahem / Kazaleh Al- Ramtha Barley Muata CT 3417 1476 2.5

ZT 3878 1964

4 Mahmood alkarki Bani Obaid Barley Adruh CT 3386 1476 1.7

ZT 3608 1630

5 Ibraheem Uglah Mjali Al- Ramtha Barley Muata CT 4628 2040 2

ZT 5610 2214

6

Mohamed Musa Bani

Hani

Bani Obaid Vetch

Lacal CT

3211.2 1177.2 3

ZT 3019 1075

7 Ahmed Yaseen Al-Wardat Al- Ramtha/W Vetch Local CT 3602 906 2.5

ZT 3443 927

8 Ahmed Qasem Kazaleh Al- Ramtha Vetch Lacal CT 2799 833 2

ZT 2417 779

Total

18.9

Improved varieties and conservation agriculture

Full-Package

On-ground Implementation 2012/13

Full package of integrated cropping practices with improved varieties

Name Region Crop Variety BYLD(kg/h

a

GYLD(kg/ha Area(kg/ha

)

1 Sultan Al-karaki Irbid Wheat Acsad

1105 7899 3600 2

Acsad

1275 Farikaفريكه -

Farmer

check 4320 1800

2 Sufian Abd Alazez

Obedat Bani

Khananeh

Wheat Acsad

1187 7811 3800 2.7

Farmer

check 6262 2846

3 Baseem Al-Rihani Bani

Obaid

Barley

Adruh 6520 3500 2

( check) 5940 2700

4 Mohamed Suliman

Ibrahem Al-

Ramtha

Barley

Adruh 4888 2372 1.7

Total ( check) 4224 2110 8.4

Name Region Crop Variety BYLD(kg/ha GYLD(kg/ha Area(kg/ha)

1 Ali Mohamed

nahar

Bani

kananeh Wheat

Acsad

1105 6284 2582

2.7

5570 2245

Mohamad hamed

zazeh Irbed Wheat

Acsad

1275 5378 2134

2.5

2 4807 1940

Kaed Mufleh

Ubedat

Bani

kananeh Wheat

Acsad

1103 5775 2390

2.7

3 5401 2309

Udi Kaswneh Bani obaed Barley

Muta+Adr

uh 1820 450

1.2

4 1630 370

Total 9.1

Full package of integrated cropping practices with improved varieties.