Adaptation Theories

Adaptation Theories

Sister Callista Roy

October 14, 1939 -

Adaptation Model

Central Theme

Person

Environment

•The person in constant

interaction with the

changing environment

• A state or process of being or becoming an integrated and whole person

Health

• A theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes a process of analysis and action related to the care of the ill or potentially ill persons.

Nursing

1. Physiological-physical mode – physical responses & interactions with the environment Maintenance of physiologic integrity (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity & rest & protection)

4 Adaptive Modes

2. Self-concept-group identity mode Need to know the self with a sense of

unity Beliefs & feelings about oneself Central to the person’s behavior Components:

Physical self = body sensation & body image

Personal self = self-consistency, self-ideal, & the moral-ethical-spiritual self

4 Adaptive Modes

Physical Self

Personal Self

3. Role function mode A category of behavior for both

individuals and groups Role – a set of expectations of how a

person in a particular position will behave in relation to a person who holds another position

Underlying need = social integrity/role clarity

4 Adaptive Modes

4. Interdependence mode Applies to adaptive behavior for both

individuals and groups Behavior is assessed as it relates to

interdependent relationships of individuals & groups

Focuses on the giving and receiving of love, respect & value with significant others & support systems

4 Adaptive Modes

The Conservation Principle:

A Model for Health

The Conservation Principle:

A Model for Health

Myra Estrin Levine

1920-1996

Central Theme

Adaptation, Conservation and Integrity

• Adaptation – process by which, over time, people maintain their wholeness or integrity as they respond to environmental changes.

• Conservation – product of adaptation.• Integrity – being in control of one’s life,

having the freedom to choose, to move without constraint and to exercise decisions on all matters; the essence of wholeness

Adaptation

• It varies and is specific. • It is explanatory rather than

predictive.• It is a historical process: Responses

are based on past experiences, personal and genetic.

• It defends the wholeness of living systems by ensuring their ability to confront change appropriately and retain their unique identity.

• Its essence is the successful use of responses that cost the least.

Conservation

• Conservation of energy of the individual

• Conservation of the structural integrity of the individual

• Conservation of the personal integrity of the individual

• Conservation of the social integrity of the individual

Principles of Conservation

• Structural integrity- focuses on healing process

• Personal integrity – focuses on sense of self

• Social integrity – involves a definition of self that goes beyond the individual and includes the wholeness of each person.

Integrity

• Focus should be on the person’s wholeness

• Continually adapts interactions with environment which results in conservation.

• In need of nursing when suffering arises. Independence is set aside and accepts the services of another.

Person

• Goal of conservation• Health and disease are patterns of

adaptive change.• Successful adaptation is the one that

achieves the best fit in the most conserving manner.

Health

• Social context is an important consideration of the wholeness of an individual.

• Difficult to measure but it is vital because adaptation and conservation are based on human being’s interaction with the environment.

Environment

• Operational – consists of undetected natural forces that impinge on the individual.

• Perceptual – consists of information that is recorded by the sensory organs.

• Conceptual – influenced by language, culture, ideas and cognition.

Environment: 3

Aspects

• To take care of others when they need to be taken care of although this need is only temporary

• Takes place whenever there is an individual who needs care to some degree.

 

Nursing