adaptation and survival. do you think a polar bear could survive in a desert? no. polar bears have...
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Adaptation and Survival
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Do you think a polar bear could survive in a desert?
• No. • Polar bears have fur coats and swim in
water, but deserts are dry.
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Do you think a rain-forest plant could survive in the same environment as a cactus? Why?
• No• Rain-forest plants need a lot of water to grow
and it is very dry where a cactus lives.
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What makes each of these organisms (polar bear and rain-forest plant) suited to its environment?
• Traits, or characteristics, that help them survive.
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Adaptations
• An adaptation is any characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment.
• Types:– Structural adaptations–Behavioral adaptations
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Structural Adaptations
• Structural adaptations are adjustments to internal or external physical structures.
• Examples are fur color, long limbs, strong jaws, and the ability to run fast. These can help organisms survive in certain environments.
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Structural Adaptations
• The webbed feet of a duck helps it survive in water.
• This type of adaptation can protect organisms or enable them to hunt.
• Turtles have a shell for protection.• Sharks have an excellent sense of smell and
sharp teeth to help them catch food.
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Behavioral Adaptations
• Behavioral adaptations are adjustments in an organism’s behavior.
• Examples: Wolves travel in packs to help them be able to hunt and capture large animals.
• Migration helps animals survive seasonal changes.
• Hibernation helps animals escape the cold. The animals remain inactive until the weather becomes warm.
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Why are adaptations important to organisms?
• They help organisms survive their environments.
• How do organisms get adaptations?• They inherit adaptations from their
parent or parents when they reproduce.
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How are structural adaptations and behavioral adaptations different?
• Structural adaptations have to do with the organism’s structure and behavioral adaptations are how the animal acts or behaves.
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Adaptations of Cacti
• Spines (needles) to protect them from plant-eating animals.
• Thick stems to store water• Large flowers to attract pollinators
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Behavioral Adaptations of Elephants
• Form herds to protect their young• Rest during the hottest part of the day• Spray water on their backs to cool off• Teach their young what to eat
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Plant Adaptations
• Some plants have scented flowers to attract pollinators.
• Leaves to catch sunlight • Roots to soak up water• Some plants have waxy stems to prevent
water loss such as a cacti.• Tiny pores on their leaves called stomata that
allow gases to enter and leave.
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More Plant Adaptations
• Orchids, plants in the rain-forest, have adaptations to help them survive wet, hot temperatures.
• Orchid stems have storage organs called pseudobulbs that store water for the plant.
• The roots help secure it high in a tree and absorb water from the air.
• Drip-tip leaves help drain excess water.
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More Plant Adaptations
• Some plant adaptations protect them from animals that want to eat them.• Some plants produce chemicals that
give them a bad taste.• Some produce chemicals that are
poisonous.
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Animal Adaptations
• Adaptations can help animals survive in certain environments.
• Mammals living in cold climates have thick fur and extra body fat to keep them warm.
• Desert animals are nocturnal- they remain inactive during the hottest time of the day and become active during the night.
• Aquatic animals can move very fast underwater. Some can hold their breath for a long period of time or breath with gills.
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More Animal Adaptations
• Skunks use chemicals to help being caught.• Owls have adaptations that make them good
hunters.• Running fast helps animals avoid getting eaten
like a gazelle.
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Camouflage
• Camouflage is any coloring, shape, or pattern that allows an organism to blend in with its environment.
• Camouflage allows animals to sneak up on organisms that they are hunting or it helps organisms hide from predators.
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Camouflage
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Protective coloration
• A type of camouflage in which the color of an animal helps it blend in with its background.
• An arctic fox has a unique coat. During the winter it has a white coat that allows it to blend in with the snow. The coat changes color in the summer to blend in with plants and surroundings.
• Stripes on a tiger allows it to blend in with the grass and helps it hide from organisms it hunts.
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Protective Resemblance
• This is matching the color, shape, and texture of an environment.
• A walking stick looks like a branch.• A pipefish looks similar to sea grass.
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Why do you think an owl has one ear higher than the other?
• It helps them distinguish where a sound comes from and how far away the sound is.
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How is an owl able to fly silently?
• Special tips on the wing feathers muffle the sound of air rushing over the owl’s wings.
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Mimicry
• Mimicry is an adaptation in which an animal resembles an unpleasant animal.
• A viceroy butterfly looks like a poisonous monarch butterfly and this helps keep it from getting eaten.