adam matthew collection descriptions · the british library, london with additional material from...

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Adam Matthew Collection Descriptions

China: Trade, Politics and Culture, 1793-1980

Sources from the School of Oriental and African Studies and the British Library, London

Consultant Editors:

Professor Robert Bickers, Department of History and Deputy Head (Research), Bristol University

Professor Richard Horowitz, Department of History, California State University, Northridge

Dr Wong Man Kong , Department of History, Hong Kong Baptist University

Source Libraries:

The School of Oriental and African Studies, London

The British Library, London

with additional material from the CMS Archive, the National Archives, Kew and the National Library of New Zealand

Nature of the Material:

Unique manuscript material relating to the activities and observations of British and American diplomats, missionaries, business people and tourists in China from 1793 to 1980, together with rare periodicals, colour paintings, maps, photographs and drawings.

All of the printed materials (including the typescript records of Chinese Maritime Customs officials) have been double-keyed and are full-text searchable. All of the manuscript material has been indexed to provide ready accessibility for students by person, place and subject. An interactive map encourages searches by city and region. There is no overlap with material published in ‘China and the West: The Maritime Customs Service Archive: From the Second Historical Archives, Nanjing, China’.

Scope of the Collection:

This project provides a wide variety of original source material detailing China’s interaction with the West from Macartney’s first Embassy to China in 1793, through to the Nixon/Heath visits to China in 1972-74.

It provides multiple perspectives – from politicians, diplomats, missionaries, business people and tourists, and documents many of the key events that happened in this period, including:

the 1793 Macartney Embassy

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the 1816 Amherst Embassy the founding of Singapore the Opium Wars the opening of Hong Kong the Taiping Rebellion Missions in China, 1869-1970 the Japanese seizure of Taiwan the 'opening of Korea' the Sino-French and territorial struggles with Germany, Britain, America and Japan the Boxer War the Russo-Japanese war the 1911 Revolution the Republican and Nationalist governments of Sun Yatsen and Jiang the Warlord period the Sino-Japanese war the Rape of Nanjing the Communist Revolution led by Mao the Korean War the Great Leap Forward the 1972 Nixon visit to China Rolls-Royce's negotiations regarding the delivery of jet engines to China, 1973-1975 the Douglas-Home and Heath visits to China, 1973-74

There are key documents relating to the Chinese Maritime Customs service, from Robert Hart to Frederick Maze; significant sources describing the lives of missionaries in China; papers of key individuals such as Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lord Aberdeen and Rewi Alley; and extensive, fully searchable runs of the Chinese Recorder, 1867-1941, and Light and Life, 1935-1970.

The material is ideal for project work as there are substantial clusters of original documents for almost all of the issues covered.

In addition, this project offers over 400 colour paintings, maps and drawings by English and Chinese artists, as well as countless photographs, sketches and ephemeral items, depicting Chinese people, places, customs and events, which provide a striking visual accompaniment to the documentary images.

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Defining Gender, 1450-1910, Online Consultant Editors: Professor Martyn Bennett, Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies, Nottingham Trent University Dr Rosemary Betterton, Institute for Women's Studies, Lancaster University Professor Jeremy Black, Department of History, University of Exeter Professor Toni Bowers, Department of English, University of Pennsylvania Dr Elizabeth Harvey, Department of English, University of Toronto Dr Vivien Jones, School of English, University of Leeds Professor Christopher Kent, Department of History, University of Saskatchewan Dr Jane Long, Head of Women’s Studies, Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Western Australia Dr Cathy McClive, Northern Centre for the History of Medicine, Durham University Dr Sara Mendelson, Arts and Social Programme, McMaster University Dr Lisa O’Connell, Department of English, Johns Hopkins University Professor Jeanne Peterson, Department of History & Gender Studies Program, Indiana University Professor Erika Rappaport, Department of History, University of California at Santa Barbara Dr Ainslie Robinson, Faculty of Arts, University of Western Australia Dr David Turner, Department of History, University of Wales Swansea Dr Claire Walsh, The Open University Dr Sarah Winter, Department of English, University of Connecticut, Storrs

Source Libraries:

Bedfordshire & Luton Archives and Records Service Birmingham Central Libraries University of Birmingham Library The Bodleian Library, Oxford The British Library, London Brynmor Jones Library, University of Hull Cambridge University Library Clark Library, Los Angeles Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies Leeds University Library The London Library Marlborough College, Wiltshire St Hilda’s College Archive, University of Oxford Somerville College Archive, University of Oxford


A wide range of original sources including ephemera, pamphlets, commonplace books, diaries, periodicals, letters, ledgers, manuscript journals, poetry, receipt books and conduct and advice literature. All of the material has been indexed to provide ready accessibility for students by person and subject.

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The majority of the material included has not been published by us before and is featured here for the first time. We have tried to ensure that there is minimal overlap with other published collections such as EEBO, ECCO, the History of Women and the Shaw-Shoemaker collection. For instance, less than 3% of the material can be found in the Gerritsen Collection. We have drawn upon several of our existing microfilm collections including ‘Women Advising Women’, ‘Women and Victorian Values’, ‘Masculinity’, and ‘Sex and Sexuality’ – but we have not reproduced more than 10% of any of these collections. In fact, Defining Gender is designed to encourage the use of these original microfilm collections by pointing at avenues for further research.


Defining Gender is structured in five sections, each containing a substantial body of original source material, together with thematic essays by leading scholars in the field. The thematic essays introduce students to the material, suggest possible approaches, and place the documents within a broad historical, literary and cultural context. The sources all have distinct URLs and can be readily integrated into course packs or projected in the classroom. All of the sources have been indexed by person, place, subject and date and searches can be carried out over all five sections. The study and analysis of gender, leisure and consumer culture has now become one of the most vibrant areas of social, cultural and intellectual research, transcending the disciplinary boundaries of history, literature, sociology, education and gender studies. This publication will provide resources for many new projects and conference papers, as well as for graduate seminars and undergraduate teaching.

SECTION I: CONDUCT AND POLITENESS

There has never been any shortage of advice given to women. How should they behave? How can they fulfil themselves? What counts as fulfilment? The assumptions and goals of conduct literature change over the five centuries covered by this collection. To what extent do these changes inform theories of separate spheres? To what extent do these challenge conventional notions of the development of women during this period? When did notions of modesty, politeness and submissiveness begin? To what extent were these derived from male chivalric codes? What were the expectations placed on young men in terms of civility, gallantry and manners, and to what extent were these fulfilled? The essays and texts featured here explore all of these issues and more. They deal with the behaviour of young women seeking to attract suitors, and differing gender roles in the marriage market. They look at personal conduct as a means of engineering social stability. They look at consumption, sexuality and excess as evils, often associated with the aristocracy, to be overcome.

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SECTION II: DOMESTICITY AND THE FAMILY

Section II frames gendered behaviour within the context of the family. How did households evolve over five centuries? Where did the power lie? Was the patriarchal head of the household always in place? The essays and texts explore the position of men within the family. They also look at relations between siblings and the role of women. They look at household management and the control of family budgets. They emphasise the importance of defined roles for all family members, which were all the time being subverted.

SECTION III: CONSUMPTION AND LEISURE

Section III provides primary source documents to facilitate a gendered approach to topics such as consumption, consumer culture, advertising, leisure, sport and entertainment. To provide contextual help with this complex, but intriguing area, we feature three essays on Gender, Consumer Culture and Behaviour. The other essays cover sport in a domestic and imperial context, and offer a critical examination of gender attitudes to leisure pursuits. There is also material from the John Johnson Collection of ephemera from the Bodleian Library Oxford, which provides insights into many leisure pursuits, such as Cinema, Theatre, Circus, Music Hall, Sport, Tourism, Fairs and Festivals 1750-1910.

These sources will encourage students to explore issues such as: How did male behaviour and perceptions of masculinity influence these social activities? How did gender orientation influence consumer and leisure preferences? What were men and women most interested in? How did public opinion and advertising affect behaviour? What were separate activities for men and women? What tasks were pursued jointly or in consultation? What were the differences in activities for unmarried and married men and women?

SECTION IV: EDUCATION AND SENSIBILITY

The education of women was always a contentious issue and was linked with the prospect of women gaining employment and independence as a result. There is much on the dangers of reading the ‘wrong sort’ of literature. Rousseau, Wollstonecraft and Edgeworth all advocated a more progressive attitude. Hannah More put her ideas into practice - establishing a school for girls. The education of men is also explored. There are worries that certain teachings will feminize and weaken them. There are also texts exploring the teaching of young men in order to create servants of Empire. The role of sport and physical exercise is seen as being as important as the need to inculcate discipline and respect for order.

A key ingredient to Section IV are substantial groups of material from Marlborough College in Wiltshire, St Hilda’s College in Oxford and Somerville College, Oxford, which will enable detailed project work on topics such as control and discipline in boy’s schools, the granting of degrees to women and the development of the curriculum in schools.

SECTION V: THE BODY

The four contextual essays help us evaluate gendered perceptions of the body and allow comparisons within, and between, different time periods. We include evidence from Various medical writings, including a strong core of works on anatomy and midwifery with hundreds of illustrations, Government papers from the Home Office and Metropolitan Police, images

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of original art, including engravings and portraits, travel writing, medical and other periodicals, receipt books, works relating to sexuality, fiction and verse, works on the concept of beauty, literary manuscripts, diaries and conduct books. All the documents included in this section enable researchers to study changing views and ideas about the body in literature and history. How did attitudes, behaviour, concerns, discussions, actions and writings on this topic alter over time? This material looks at gender issues in relation to medicine and anatomy, midwifery, different parts of the body, beauty, sexuality, prostitution, appearance and fashion. It also touches upon ground which is of strong interest to people working in a wide range of different academic disciplines, from history, sociology, literature and gender studies to the social history of medicine, psychology, philosophy, religious and cultural studies.

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Eighteenth Century Journals I Consultant Editor: Professor Jeremy Black, Professor of History, University of Exeter

Source Libraries: The Hope Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford University

Nature of the Material: Rare printed journals, periodicals and newspapers of the long eighteenth century not covered in EEBO, ECCO or Early English Newspapers. All items are full text searchable.

Portal: Institutions who have also purchased Eighteenth Century Journals II can enjoy integrated access to both projects via a single user interface, allowing streamlined browsing and searching across material from both collections simultaneously.

Scope of the Collection: This project brings together rare journals printed between 1693 and 1799 illuminating all aspects of eighteenth-century social, political and literary life. Many are ephemeral, lasting only for a handful of issues, others run for several years. They offer effective coverage of the important issues of the period, and are invaluable to the study of all aspects of the eighteenth century, including crime, sport, advertising, the theatre; fashion; politics, revolution; agriculture; social issues and society life. The collection provides a wide-ranging view of the topical issues concerning readers of the period, including:

Law and policing Female dress British colonial possessions Marriage Morality South Sea Bubble Theatre and opera Alexander Pope Religion Reverend George Whitefield's preaching of the Gospel in America ‘45 Rebellion and Culloden American Revolution Irish Rebellion Trial of Lord Gordon French Revolution Radicalism

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Natural Liberty Blue Stockings Education Act of Union

Editors and authors include Joseph Addison, Thomas Brereton, Gilbert Burnet, Thomas Chatterton, the Earl of Chesterfield, Samuel Coleridge, George Colman, Thomas Cooke, Henry Fielding, Thomas Gordon, Jeremy Hellfire, Tom Paine, Ambrose Phillips, Henry James Pye, Humphrey Repton, Thomas Sheridan, John Slade, Richard Steele, George Steevens, Henry Stephens, Gilbert Stuart, John Thelwall, Philip Thickness, William Thompson, Horace Walpole, Richard West, William Whitehead and John Wilkes, but there are also a whole host of unidentified authors whose contributions are equally valuable for the scholar.

There are polemics, poetry, letters to the press, reviews of drama and novels, contemporary adverts and essays on almost every conceivable topic.

Contents:

The Actor, 1789 The Adventurer, 1753 The American Crisis, 1775-80 The Anti-Theatre, 1720 The Anti-Union, 1798-99 The Attic Miscellany, 1789 The Bee Reviv'd, 1750 The Budget, 1764 The Busy Body, 1787 Cato's Letters, 1720-23 The Centinel, 1757 The Christian's Amusement, 1740-41 The Comedian, 1732 The Controller, 1714 The Country Gentleman, 1726 The Covent Garden Chronicle, 1768 The Covent Garden Journal, 1752 The Crisis, 1775-76 The Crisis, 1792-93 Critick, 1718 Daily Benefactor, 1715 The Devil, 1755 The Devil, 1786-87 Director, 1720-21 The Doctor, 1718 The Eaton Chronicle, 1788 The English Freeholder, 1791 The Entertainer, 1718 The Entertainer, 1754 The Fall of Britain, 1776-1777 The Female Guardian, 1787

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The Female Mentor: or, select conversations, 1793 The Female Spectator. By Eliza Haywood, 1744-1746 The Female Tatler, 1709-1710 The Fish Pool, 1718 The Flapper, 1796-97 The Fool, 1746-47 The Free Briton, 1729-35 The Free Thinker, 1718-21 The Genius, 1762 Genius of Kent, 1792-93 The Gentleman, 1775 Hog's Wash, 1793-95 The Humourist, 1720 The Kapelion, 1750-51 The Ladies Journal, 1727 The Ladies Mercury, 1693 The Lady’s Weekly Magazine, 1747 A Legacy for the Ladies. Or, Characters of the Women of the Age, 1705 A Letter from J-n W-s, 1764 The London Mercury, 1780 Old Whig, 1719 Meddler, 1760 The Microcosm, 1786-87 The Mirrour, 1719 The National Journal, 1746 The New Spectator, 1784-86 The North Briton, 1764 The Parrot, 1728. The Parrot. By the authors of ‘The Female Spectator’, 1746 Pig's Meat, 1794 The Phoenix, 1797 The Physio-Magnetic Mirror, 1789 The Plebian, 1719 The Political Herald & Review, 1785 The Prompter, 1789 The Protestant Packet, 1780-81 The Quiz, 1796-97 The Rhapsodist, 1757 The Royal Female Magazine, 1760 The Scots Spy, 1776 The Speculator, 1790 Spinster, 1719 The Spy at Oxford/Cambridge, 1744 Terrae Filius, 1763 The Theatre, 1720 The Theatrical Monitor, 1767 The Tatler. By Isaac Bickerstaffe, 1709-1711 The Tory Tatler, 1709 Town Talk, 1715 The Tribune, 1729 The Tribune, 1795-96

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The Trifler, 1795-96 Variety, 1788 The Watchman, 1796 The Wallet, 1764 The Weekly History, 1741-42 The Wife. By Mira, One of the Authors of ‘The Female Spectator’, and ‘Epistles for Ladies’, 1756 Wilkes & Liberty, 1764 The World, 1753-56

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Eighteenth Century Journals II

Consultant Editor:

Professor Jeremy Black, Department of History, University of Exeter

Source Library:

The Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas, Austin


Rare printed journals of the 18th century not covered in EEBO, ECCO or Early English Newspapers


The Harry ransom Humanities Research Center holds one of the finest collections of 17th and 18th century newspapers and periodicals in the world. These holdings were documented in British Newspapers and Periodicals, 1632-1800, compiled by Powell Stewart in 1950. More recent acquisitions have further enhanced these collections. The titles chosen from HRC for this project have been screened carefully against EEBO, Early English Newspapers and ECCO so that there is no duplication whatsoever with these projects. The material reproduced in this digital project covers many rare items not held by the British Library.

Topics covered are extremely wide-ranging and include:

Acts by the Parliament de Paris in opposition to the French Court The writings of Sir Isaac Newton The writings of Corneille and Racine The advantages of eating in company Pagan deities The waters of Buxton and other spa towns and visits to the Lake District Poets of the Romantic Period Medicines The Foundling Hospital The French Revolution Serpents Theatrical Performances Reviews of literature and fashion throughout Europe Political debates Coffee house gossip and discussion

For any library supporting studies of the Eighteenth Century - including Literature, the Theatre, the origins and rise of Romanticism, Politics, Revolution and Revellion, Social issues, Gender, Society Life, Religion and the influence of the Press - these periodicals and newspapers will prove to be an important and multi-faceted resource. We feature many short

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run items and very rare materials which will be an excellent complement to other resources already available in this area.

This project provides easily accessible raw material for the study of politics, nationalism, education, the landscape, literature, drama, revolution, sensibility, exoticism, individualism, heroism and many other themes.

Material is drawn from London, Dublin and Edinburgh, as well as many local and provincial publications - enabling the study of events from both the centre and the periphery. There is also a wide range of journals ranging from specialist magazines and review journals to political papers and local newspapers.

Contents:

The numbers in square brackets refer to the numbering in the descriptive catalogue of British Newspapers and Periodicals, 1632-1800 compiled by Powell Stewart in 1950.

[9] B Berington’s Evening Post, 1733 1 issue [17] The British Merchant, 1713 Nos 1 & 25 [21a] The Censor, 1715-17 3 vols [25] The Champion, 1739–40 2 vols [27] The Connoisseur, 1754 5 issues [28] The Con-Test, 1757 1 issue [51] The Dublin Chronicle, 1787-1792 21 issues [52] The Dublin Journal, 1732 1 issue [53] The Dublin Evening Post, 1736 Vols 4-5 [56] The Edinburgh Gazette, 1703, 1707, 1710, 1711 4 issues [68] The Examiner, 1714 Nos 1, 4-12 [69] The Examiner or Remarks upon Papers and Occurrences, 6 vols (bound in one vol) [75] The Flying Post, 1712-23 5 issues [77] The Free-Holder, 1716 38 issues (in one bound volume); 1725 Reprint Nos 1-3; 1744 Reprint Nos 1-55 [79] The Free-Thinker, 1711 1 issue [89] The Grumbler, 1715 2 issues [101] The History of the Works of the Learned, 1699-1702 5 vols (two versions held) [102] The Honest Gentleman, 1718-19 Nos 1-8, 11-25 [103] The Humanist, 1757 Nos 1-15 [114] The Lay-Monk, 1713-14 Nos 1-40 (Both first and second editions as these are different; the second edition is called The Lay-Monastery, covering same dates) [115] The Leeds Mercury, 1784 1 issue [122] The London Journal, 1721-31 Nos 76, 79-141, 143-154, 156, 158, 161-168, 171, 177, 261, 522, 528, 577, 597-598, 613, 625, 630 [125] The London Packet, or New Lloyd’s Evening Post, 1785 1 issue [139] The Medley, 1715 2 issues [152] Mercurius Politicus, 1716-20 5 vols [162] The Monitor, 1714 4 issues [168] Morning Advertiser, 1794-97 11 issues [172] The Morning Post and Fashionable World, 1797 1 issue [173] The Muses Mercury, 1707-8 4 issues [174] The Museum: Or, the Literary and Historical Register, 1746-47 3 vols

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*[179] The New London Magazine, 1788, 1789, 1792 3 vols [183] The Northampton Mercury, 1746 1 issue [192] The Oeconomist, 1798-99 2 vols [193] Old Common Sense, 1738-1739 100 issues [199] The Original Weekly Journal, 1716-17 9 issues [201] A Pacquet from Parnassus, 1702 1 issue [203] Parker’s Penny Post, 1732-33 58 issues in 1 volume [209] Pax, Pax, Pax, or a Pacifick Post Boy, 1713-1720 22 issues [224] The Plain Dealer, 1712 4 issues [226] The Political Register, 1767-68 3 vols [229] The Post-Angel, 1701-1702 Vols II-IV contained in 2 bound vols [232] The Present State of the Republick of Letters, 1728-36 18 vols [239] The Reader, 1714 (1715 reprint) Nos 1-9 [245] The St James’s Evening Post, 1715-17 3 issues [247] The St James’s Post, 1715 & 1718 2 issues [263] The Tatler (Edinburgh), 1711 Nos 4-21, 23-24 [280] The Universal Museum, 1762-64 3 vols [282] The Universal Spy or, the Royal Oak Journal Reviv’d, 1732 9 issues [283] The Visions of Sir Heister Ryley, 1710-11 Vol 1, Nos 3-80 [284] The Vocal Magazine, 1778 Nos 1-9 [298] The Weekly Remarks and Political Reflections, 1715 Vol 1, nos 1-11, 14 [303] The Whisperer, 1770 Nos 1, 3-14 [304] The Whitehall Evening Post, 1721-22 6 issues and one supplement [305] The Whitehall Evening Post, or London intelligencer, 1754-66 31 issues [308] The York Chronicle, 1772-73 Nos 1-55

Additions from the end of the Powell Stewart Catalogue:

[Add 1] British Magazine, 1760-61 2 vols [Add 2] The Bee, or Literary Weekly Intelligence, 1791 16 issues [Add 3] The Royal Magazine; or, Quarterly Bee, Volume II, 1751 [Add 4] The York Courant, 1742 1 issue

Additional:

The Political Magazine and Parliamentary, Naval, Military, and Literary Journal, v 4, 1783

Additional Items from the Queen Anne Serials List:

A Prognostication for this Present Year of Our Lord God by John Wood-House, nd A New Almanack for the Year of our Lord God, 1712, by Thomas White, London 1712 A Prognostication for the Year of our Lord God, 1712, by John Wing, London 1711 Speculum Uranicum; or, an almanac and prognostications for the Year of our Lord God, 1712, by Thomas Fowles, Gent., London 1712 A New Almanack for the Year From the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, 1712, by George Rose, Mathematician, London 1712 Merlinus redivivus: Being an Almanack for the Year of our Redemption, by John Partridge, Student in Physick and Astrology, London 1683-4

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The Ladies Diary: or the Woman’s Almanack for the Year of our Lord, 2 vols, 1709 and 1711 (including Telescopium anglicanum or an ephemeris; exclude the volumes for 1708 and 1710 as these are in ECCO) Culpepper revived. Being an Almanack for the Year of our Blessed Saviour’s incarnation 1712, by Nathaniel Culpepper, London 1712 Censura Temporum. The Good or Ill Tendencies of Books, Sermons, Pamphlets &c, vol 1, nos 1-12, London 1708 Nineteenth Report of the Commissioners of Military Enquiry, 1812

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Empire Online Consultant Editors:

Dr Jeffrey Auerbach, Department of History, California State University at Northridge

Dr Tony Ballantyne, Department of History, University of Otago

Dr Antoinette Burton, Department of History, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign

Dr Elizabeth Elbourne, Department of History, McGill University

Dr Ian C Fletcher and Dr Yaël Simpson Fletcher, Department of History, Georgia State University

Professor Alan Frost, Department of History, La Trobe University

Dr Patrick Geoghegan, Department of History, Trinity College, Dublin

Professor Christopher Gordon-Craig, Department of English, University of Alberta

Dr Madhavi Kale, Department of History, Bryn Mawr College

Dane Kennedy, Department of History, George Washington University

Dr Chandani Lokugé, Department of English, Monash University

Doug Lorimer, Department of History, Wilfred Laurier University

Dr Julian Martin, Department of History & Classics, University of Alberta

Professor Oyekan Owomoyela, Department of English, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Professor Andrew Porter, King’s College, University of London

Dr Romita Ray, Department of Fine Art, Syracuse University

Dr Jane Samson, Department of History & Classics, University of Alberta

Professor Angela Woollacott, Department of History, MacQuarie University

Source Libraries:

The images are sourced from libraries and archives around the world, including a strong core of document images from the British Library. Other major libraries and archives featured include:

The National Archives, Kew; The Bodleian Library, Oxford, The Victoria and Albert Museum, Church Mission Society Archive, University of Birmingham; The National Archives of Canada, The Glenbow Museum, Canada, The National Library of Australia; The

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Bank of England Library; Birmingham Central Library; State Records, New South Wales; The National Library of Scotland; The London Library; National Gallery of Canada, University of Michigan Museum of Art; Minneapolis Institute of Arts.

Nature of Material:

Empire Online features a wide variety of material including: Exploration journals and logs; Letter books and correspondence; Periodicals; Diaries; Official Government Papers; Missionary papers; Travel writing; Slave papers; Memoirs; Fiction; Children's Adventure Stories; Traditional; folk tales; Exhibition Catalogues and guides; Maps; Marketing Posters; Photographs; and Illustrations, with many in colour. All of the items featured are covered in their entirety. All of these have been indexed in detail, enabling students to find relevant materials easily.


The project is divided into five sections covering varying aspects of the colonial experience. These are:

Section I: Cultural Contact, 1492-1969

Examining cultural contacts throughout five centuries of Empire, from Columbus to decolonisation, Section I draws upon manuscript sources such as the diaries and eyewitness accounts of European travellers, correspondence and periodical literature. It includes evidence from native populations and indigenous tribes in Africa, India, Canada, Australia and the South Pacific. There is material from the Papers of Englebert Kaempfer on Persia, Sloane manuscripts on Voyages of Discovery, drawings and manuscripts relating to maritime exploration in the Papers of Sir Joseph Banks, Mungo Park’s African Journal and records from missionary archives documenting their first contacts at the furthest outposts of Empire. It examines how attitudes changed over time as well as the manner in which Europeans worked both with and against indigenous groups in the quest for independence and self-government in the twentieth century.

Section II: Literature and Empire

Section II includes important texts describing the outreach and impact of colonial endeavour. There are writings by both pro- and anti-imperial authors, by agents of empire, by controllers of empire, and by imperial subjects. This section embraces poetry, prose and drama, including:

RRR Dhlomo’s An African Tragedy – a novel in English by a Zulu writer (1928) Sol T Plaatje’s Mhudi: An Epic of South African Native Life (1930) The Leopard and the Goat and other animal stories from Uganda (1927) M L Dube’s Adventures of a Sepoy (Agra, 1892) R C Praed’s Australian Life: Black and White (London, 1885) J S Borlase’s Saved by Shadows and Perils amongst Papuans from Stirring Tales of

Colonial Adventure (London, 1894) Paramesvara G Pillai’s London and Paris Through Indian Spectacles (Madras, 1897) Dasa Nandalala’s Reminiscences of England and Australia (Calcutta, 1893)

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Mary French Sheldon’s Sultan to Sultan, adventures among the Masai and other tribes of East Africa (London, 1892)

The documents available online in Empire Writing and the Literature of Empire will allow researchers and students to interpret for themselves the gendered and racialised conceptions that saturate the texts of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century British Empire and to explore the differences between the colonies of exploitation and the white-settler colonies.

Section III: The Visible Empire

Section III looks at all aspects of the Visible Empire, and provides photographs and illustrations (over 5% of the images in this section are in colour) that relate to the art, architecture, representations of indigenous peoples, landscapes and natural history of colonial territories throughout the world. There is material on the Durbar and the many exhibitions of Empire, notably featuring the complete Official Illustrated Catalogue of the Great Exhibition, 1851.

The Visible Empire also focuses on the perception of Empire at home and how Britain was perceived by its visiting colonial subjects. What impact did the colonial exhibitions in England, Scotland, France, Australia and India have on the visiting public? How were images of empire used for marketing and propaganda purposes? How did perceptions of Empire at Home differ from the views of those overseas in the Colonies?

Some examples of texts included in this part are:

Empire Marketing Board Posters from The National Archives A Collection of Colour Plates Illustrative of African Scenery and Animals by Samuel

Daniell (London, 1804) Narrative of the Indian Revolt From its Outbreak to the Capture of Lucknow by Sir

Colin Campbell: Illustrated with nearly two hundred engravings from authentic sketches (London, 1858)

Report on the Indian Section of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition 1886, by J. R. Royle (London, 1887)

England and India Being Impressions of Persons and Things, English and Indian, and Brief Notes of Visits to France, Switzerland, Italy, and Ceylon, by Lala Baijnath (Bombay, 1893)

Section IV: Religion and Empire

Religion has been bound up with the nature and expansion of empire in many different ways. Section IV features material on encounters with local religious beliefs, missionary work, the development of indigenous churches, and the annexation of existing local beliefs and customs. There are documents on different regions in India and Africa, and on work amongst the Native American Indians in Canada. The Maoris, Aborigines and other tribes are covered in records on Australasia and the South Pacific. There is also material on the differences between explorers and missionaries and on the social constructedness of mid-nineteenth century exploration.

We also provide material to help researchers focus on the following issues:

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religion nationalism and the growth of independence movements the growth of independent churches in the twentieth century and the changing map of

Christianity the evolution of the aims and priorities of missionary organisations post-1920 conflicts between Hindus and Muslims

Section V: Race, Class, Imperialism and Colonialism, c1607-2007

Section V focuses on Race, Class and Colonialism as important concepts in the study of Empire. Colonialism created a new world order in which Europeans asserted their right to intervene and impose conditions of modernity on the subject peoples of their empires. Imperialism as the bearer of modernity, or what the Victorians called the civilising mission, constructed new identities of race, class and gender. A new discourse of race and race relations developed both to describe and to justify this imposed modernist colonial order. This discourse reshaped both the cultures of the periphery and the dominant cultures of the metropole. It also provoked resistance from colonized peoples both within the colonized periphery and within the metropolitan centres of empire.

A further area covered is ‘Ireland and Empire, 1607-1969’, including Irish migration to America. It will highlight topics of migration, immigration, religious issues, national identity, as well as Irish views and concepts of Empire.

This part also looks at concepts of America and Imperialism from colonial time to Iraq in three sections:

1. Imperialism in Theory 2. Between Exceptionalism & Universalism: The History and Historiography of American Empire 3. U.S. Imperialism in an Interactive Global Framework

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Mass Observation Online Consultant Editors:

Dorothy Sheridan, Head of Special Collections, University of Sussex Professor Stephen Brooke, Department of History, York University, Toronto Dr Ben Highmore, Department of Media and Film Studies, University of Sussex Professor James Hinton, Department of History, University of Warwick Ben Lander, PhD student, Department of History, York University, Toronto Dr Claire Langhamer, Department of History, University of Sussex Professor Laura Marcus, Department of English, University of Sussex Professor Bob Malcolmson, History Dept, Queen’s University, Canada Professor Brian Street, Department of Education & Professional Studies, King’s College London Jenny Taylor, PhD student, Department of History, University of Auckland Dr Leslie Whitworth, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Brighton

Source Library:

The Special Collections Library, University of Sussex


Original manuscript and typescript papers created and collected by the Mass-Observation organisation, together with printed publications, photographs and interactive maps.


Mass Observation Online offers revolutionary access to one of the most important archives for the study of Social History in the modern era. The material covers:

The end of the ‘Hungry Thirties’ when the impact of the Depression was still being felt;

The onset of war, the Blitz and war on the home front; The post war world, with the rise of consumerism and television.

The archive has always been immensely popular with students because it offers immediate and engaging evidence of major trends such as the increasing role of women in work, the birth of the welfare state, anti-Semitism and anti-communism, the growth of secularism and the increasing importance of radio, television and cinema in people’s lives. Through interviews, overheard conversations, directive responses and diary entries it offers brilliant cameos describing life in the jazz halls, what people thought of the movies they saw, how people survived the random terror of the Blitz, and where they lived and worked.

This project does not substantially duplicate what we have published on microfilm. Rather, it complements this material, offering integrated access to both the new online material and the existing microfilm series. It comprises:

A complete set of the File Reports, 1937-1972, with full text searchability. Over 2,000 File Reports provide top-level summaries and conclusions of the findings of nearly

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every Mass-Observation study from 1937 to 1955. The range of topics covered is immense, including popular culture (with reports on cinema-going, radio and music, and the advent of television); consumerism, branding and fashion (including the rise of department stores and the New Look); sex, marriage, and the family, as well as attitudes to war, politics and America, Russia and Europe. We have added nearly 25% more material to the previously published microfiche set, as many of the longer reports that were intended for publication were previously withheld. Most reports run to between 16 and 49 pages and are a perfect introduction to the whole range of topics explored by Mass-Observation.

Publications by Mass-Observation. Twenty-five books, most now out of print, appeared during Mass-Observation’s first period of activity, 1937-1950, including May 12th; First Year’s Work; and Britain By Mass-Observation. They are all included here, along with pamphlets and workbooks published by the Mass-Observation Archive. All material is full text searchable.

Seven previously unpublished Topic Collections, including: Famous Persons (the public’s perceptions of Chamberlain, Churchill, Hitler, Roosevelt etc); Household Matters and Household Budgeting, 1939-1950; Juvenile Delinquency (featuring a wonderfully insightful diary of borstal life); Korea, 1950; Radio Listening, 1939-1948 (on war-time broadcasts and the post-war impact of television); and World Outlook, 1945-1950 (on people’s fears of World War III and a nuclear Armageddon). The Topic Collections represent the raw material behind many of Mass-Observation’s published studies, consisting of both quantitative and qualitative data including questionnaires, interviews, observations and contemporary ephemera. The extensive listings of these collections are fully searchable.

The Day Surveys, 1937-1938. These were special diaries recording details of a single day, written by members of Mass-Observation’s National Panel, which consisted of over 500 observers. Initially the Panel recorded the 12th day of each month, but by 1938 they were recording special days such as Armistice Day, Christmas, and Bank Holidays.

Diaries, 1939-1940 - offering roughly 500 separate accounts of what was happening each month, allowing users to compare accounts and trace events as they unfolded. For anyone studying the outbreak of the war, the impact of Dunkirk, the Blitz, evacuation, or a host of other topics, they are indispensable. As Professor Tony Kushner says, “it is a collection of diaries that has few equivalents for this period anywhere in the world.” We offer subject indexing to enable users to search diarist entries for key events and figures in World War II. Readers can also search by date, the gender of the diarist, their location and profession.

Directives, 1939-1940 - these are specific responses to wide-ranging questions on topics concerning drinking, religion, political beliefs, and much more. Specific subjects included ‘Race’, ‘Class’, ‘Jazz and Dancing’ and ‘Dreams’. There are also a number of directives relating to World War II, assessing attitudes towards propaganda, conscription, air raids and evacuation.

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This publication opens up a host of essay and project possibilities on topics such as abortion, old age, crime, eating habits, shopping, fashion, dance, popular music, coal mining, adult education, sex, reading, ethnic minorities, and the decline of Empire. It is a resource that will be welcomed by historians, literary scholars, sociologists, anthropologists and political scientists.

There are nine contextual essays and a host of other supporting materials, which will guide the reader through the origins of Mass Observation, its working methods and its value as a source for history, literature, sociology, anthropology and gender studies. There are also essays on research strategies that can be adopted using the archive and on the use of Mass Observation Online as a teaching resource, including two essays by graduate students giving their experiences of working with the material.

Additional features include interactive maps, a bibliography, a chronology, and a collection of photographs by Humphrey Spender.

Supporting Comments:

“The publication of Mass Observation Online will afford undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers and professional historians access to one of the great treasure troves of twentieth-century British history. This is an absolutely critical resource.” Professor Stephen Brooke, Department of History, York University, Toronto

From a recent article in the New Yorker by Caleb Crain (Sept 2006):

“On January 30, 1937, a letter to the New Statesman and Nation announced that Darwin, Marx, and Freud had a successor—or, more accurately, successors. “Mass-Observation develops out of anthropology, psychology, and the sciences which study man,” the letter read, “but it plans to work with a mass of observers.” The movement already had fifty volunteers, and it aspired to have five thousand, ready to study such aspects of contemporary life as:

Behaviour of people at war memorials. Shouts and gestures of motorists. The aspidistra cult. Anthropology of football pools. Bathroom behaviour. Beards, armpits, eyebrows. Anti-Semitism. Distribution, diffusion and significance of the dirty joke. Funerals and undertakers. Female taboos about eating. The private lives of midwives.

The data collected would enable the organizers to plot “weather-maps of public feeling.” As a matter of principle, Mass-Observers did not distinguish themselves from the people they studied. They intended merely to expose facts “in simple terms to all observers, so that their environment may be understood, and thus constantly transformed.”

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Medieval Travel Writing Consultant Editors:

Dr Kim Phillips, Department of History, University of Auckland

Professor David Abulafia, Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge

Professor Andrew Jotischky, Department of History, Lancaster University

Professor Peter Jackson, Department of History, Keele University

Professor Alison Stones, Department of History of Art & Architecture, University of Pittsburgh

Source Libraries:

The manuscripts are sourced from the British Library, the Bodleian Library, Cambridge University Library, Trinity College, Cambridge, Heidelberg University, Berlin Staatsbibliothek, the National Library of Vienna, St Gall Cloister Library in Switzerland, the Beinecke Library at Yale University and about 30 other Libraries and Archives to make a truly international collection.


The core of the material is a magnificent collection of medieval manuscripts from libraries around the world and dating from the 13th to the 16th centuries. These have been reproduced in colour where appropriate. These are augmented by an array of translations and supporting materials (all of which are fully searchable) and interactive maps showing the routes of the travellers.


This project provides an extensive collection of manuscript materials for the study of medieval travel writing in fact and in fantasy. The main focus is accounts of journeys to the Holy Land, India and China.

Featured authors include Ambassadors, Missionaries, Merchants, and Fantasists such as:

Prester John John of Plano Carpini Ascelin William of Rubruck Marco Polo Ricoldo de Montecroce Jordanus of Severac Haiton of Armenia Oderic of Pordenone Sir John Mandeville Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo

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Hans (Johann) Schiltberger Johannes Witte de Hesse John Capgrave

A good number of manuscript images are provided in full colour. The original documents are in a range of languages including French, Latin, German, Spanish, Dutch and English. Translations will be an important feature of the project and the full text search capability will be especially useful for undergraduates. Supporting the manuscripts are relevant secondary texts, maps of journeys, bibliographies and glossaries.

The content of this collection is suitable for teaching in Medieval Studies as well as wider topics such as concepts of race, cartography, and post-colonial studies.

Essays by the Consultant Editors will provide a good introduction to the collection and contain hyperlinks that take the user directly to the source material. Essay themes include:

The Travelers and their Accounts Travel and Pilgrimage Medieval Travel, Mapping & Geographical Concepts Medieval Travel Writing and Accounts of the Far East

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Slavery, Abolition and Social Justice, 1490-2007 Consultant Editors include:

Rosanne Adderley (Tulane University) Emmanuel Akyeampong (Harvard University) Alex Byrd (Rice University) Rina Caceres (University of Costa Rica) Mariza de Carvalho Soares (Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil) José Curto (York University) Guy Grannum (The National Archives) Ariela Gross (University of Southern California) Rick Halpern (University of Toronto) Leslie Harris (Emory University) Joseph Inikori (Rochester University) Paul Lovejoy (York University) Susan O’Donovan (Harvard University) Olatunji Ojo (Syracuse University) Yolanda Pierce (University of Kentucky) Bryan Prince (Buxton National Historic Site) David Richardson (University of Hull) Brenda Square (Amistad Research Center) David Trotman (York University) Kate Wilson (Historical Society of Pennsylvania)

Source Libraries:

This project will be drawn from libraries and archives across the Atlantic World.

Section I features strong material from:

Anti-Slavery International the British Library Buxton National Historic Site, Ontario Duke University Historical Society of Pennsylvania Institute of Commonwealth Studies Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa Louisiana State University Mariners Museum, Virginia Merseyside Maritime Museum The National Archives, Kew Wilberforce House, Hull

It also features links to many other crucial sources for the study of slavery and abolition in Africa, Europe, the Caribbean and North, South and Central America.

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This project provides access to many thousands of original manuscripts, pamphlets, books, paintings, maps and images. Most are reproduced as high quality greyscale images, but there are also a significant number of colour images. All printed items are full text searchable and manuscripts have document level indexing. All documents have distinct URLs and can be embedded in course notes and reading lists or downloaded as PDFs.


This extraordinary resource on trans-Atlantic slavery and abolition brings together original manuscript and rare printed material from dozens of libraries and archives across the Atlantic world. Published in three sections between 2007 and 2009, this collection will prove invaluable for postgraduate and scholarly research and will also provide a user-friendly classroom tool for undergraduates.

Documents are presented alongside contextual essays contributed by leading academics in the field; each essay will have hypertext links to the primary sources it discusses. The project will encompass all the major themes, including:

1) Slavery in the Early Americas 2) African Coast 3) Middle Passage 4) Slavery and Agriculture Case Studies: American South, Caribbean, Brazil and Cuba 5) Urban and Domestic Slavery 6) Slave Testimony 7) Spiritualism and Religion in slave communities 8) Resistance and Revolts 9) Underground Railroad 10) The Abolition movement – spanning religious and ethnic boundaries 11) Legislation: Enactment and Enforcement 12) Freedmen and Free Black Settlements 13) Education 14) Slavery and the Islamic World 15) Varieties of Slave Experience 16) Slavery Today, Legacy of Slavery 17) The Evolution of Slavery

Section I has material covering many of these topics, but it is particularly strong in coverage of:

the African Coast – there are records of the African Company, details of coastal forts, records of transactions and spectacular maps of the African Coast from the National Archives, as well as first hand descriptions of the operation of the slave trade on the west coast of Africa in papers held at the Bank of England Archives and the Merseyside Maritime Museum. We also provide original manuscript accounts by Samuel Crowther and James Africanus Horton of their experiences of slavery.

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the Middle Passage – sources from the British Library, the Mariners Museum and Wilberforce House describe the Middle Passage from a human, economic and medical perspective.

Slavery and Agriculture – there are substantial groups of papers describing plantation life (and other forms of agricultural slavery) including the hitherto unpublished Castle Wemyss papers (Jamaican plantation estate papers) from the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, records of plantations in Georgia and South Carolina from the Historical Society of Philadelphia, letters and journals of Caribbean plantation overseers from Merseyside Maritime Museum and Wilberforce House, and the Uncle Sam Plantation Papers from Louisiana State University.

the Abolition movement – we offer extensive coverage of the Slavery, Abolitionist and African-American pamphlets collections at Duke University (carefully screened to avoid duplication with other widely available sources) – these materials bring the debates over slavery to life and expose economic, religious and racist arguments for and against the trade. We also offer records of Benezet, Clarkson, Parker, Sharp and Wilberforce describing their experiences in the crusade for abolition and there are ships’ logs and journals from the National Archives which describe naval actions against privateers and slavers.

the Underground Railroad – both the Rankin/Parker papers from Duke University and material from the Buxton National Historic Site offer evidence concerning the functioning of the vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves.

Slavery Today – Slavery did not end in 1807 (when the British Parliament voted to abolish the trade in slaves and the US House and Senate approved an Act to ‘Prohibit the Importation of Slaves into any Port or Place Within the Jurisdiction of the United States’), 1838 (when slavery was outlawed in the British Empire) or 1865 (when the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States declared that 'neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction’) – recent publications and UN submissions of Anti-Slavery International show that it continues today and affects millions of people.

Sections II and III will build on these themes and will also provide detailed coverage of the other topics listed above.