ada 510integrating advanced physical training programs into the marine corps ews contemporary issue...

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Integrating Advanced Physical Training Programs into the Marine Corps

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The Mar i ne Cor ps i s a f i ght i ng or gani zat i on desi gned f or

one pur pose, combat . Thus, physi cal f i t ness has l ong been a par t

of t he t r ai ni ng r egi men t o pr epar e Mar i nes f or t he r i gor s of

combat . Coi nci dent al l y, t he i mpor t ance of physi cal f i t ness was

r ecent l y emphasi zed by t he cur r ent Commandant of t he Mar i ne

Cor ps who st at ed As a f i ght i ng f or ce, our abi l i t y t o f ul f i l l

t hi s commi t ment and accompl i sh t he mi ss i on i s dependent , i n

par t , upon t he f i t ness of our Mar i nes. 1 I n r esponse, t he Mar i ne

Corps t op br ass r ecent l y i mpl ement ed a new t r ai ni ng r equi r ement

known as t he Combat Fi t ness Test ( CFT) i n order t o emphasi ze t he

i mpor t ance of physi cal f i t ness amongst Mar i nes. 2 Whi l e i t i s

commendabl e t o change the t est i ng r equi r ement s, vi s- - vi s t he

CFT, t he Mar i ne Corps has not done enough t o i mprove t he met hods

of physi cal t r ai ni ng. Unf or t unat el y, t he Mar i ne Cor ps has not

t aken advant age of t he abi l i t y t o pr oduce st r onger , f ast er , and

qui cker Mar i nes i n a condensed t i me f r ame t hr ough the use of t he

var i ous advanced physi cal t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams avai l abl e t o t he

publ i c. Ther ef or e, t he Mar i ne Cor ps shoul d i nt egr at e advanced

physi cal t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams i nt o i t s physi cal f i t ness ( PT)

pr ogr am i n or der t o reduce t he f i nanci al st r ai n on Mar i nes and

1 General J ames T. Conway, ALMAR 032/08, Changes to the Marine Corps PhysicalFitness Program,ht t p: / / www. mar i nes. mi l / news/ messages/ Pages/ CHANGESTOTHEMARI NECORPSPHYSI CALFI TNESSPROGRAM. aspx

2 ALMAR 032/ 08 st ates t hat t he maj or changes f or t he Mari ne Corps Physi calFi t ness Progr am i ncl ude t he Combat Fi t ness Test , t he t i ght eni ng of BodyComposi t i on Standar ds, and devel opment of a Mi l i t ary Appear ance Progr am.

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t he Mar i ne Cor ps, achi eve qual i t at i ve physi cal f i t ness r esul t s

i n l ess t i me, and most i mpor t ant l y, pr epar e Mar i nes f or t he

physi cal r i gor s of combat .

Reducing the financial strain on Marines and the Marine Corps

Mar i nes ar e awar e of t he benef i t s of di f f er ent t r ai ni ng

t echni ques and have been usi ng t hese pr ogr ams t o t r ai n

t hemsel ves. These t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams i ncl ude P90X3, Cr ossFi t 4, and

Ni ke s Speed, Power , Agi l i t y, React i on, and Qui ckness ( SPARQ) 5

al l of whi ch ar e avai l abl e t o t he publ i c f or use. However , t he

most popul ar t r ai ni ng pr ogr am amongst Mar i nes i s Cr ossFi t 6. Whi l e

Cr ossFi t i s a f r ee web- based physi cal t r ai ni ng pr ogr am, many

gyms char ge a f ee t o ut i l i ze t hei r equi pment f or t he pr ogr am.

They pay a f ee t o af f i l i at e i t sel f wi t h t he Cr ossFi t progr am and

consequent l y a f ee i s r equi r ed t o par t i ci pat e i n t he Cr ossFi t

3 P90X, Extreme Body Workout, ( unknown, P90X, Ext r eme Body Workout n. d. ) ,P90X i s a home based DVD workout progr am desi gned t o achi eve r esul t s i n 90days at a cost of $119. 85.

4 CrossFi t : Forging Elite Fitness, ( unknown, Cr ossFi t : For gi ng El i t e Fi t nessn. d. ) , Cr ossFi t , as adver t i sed on i t s websi t e, i s a pr i nci pal st r engt h andcondi t i oni ng pr ogr am f or many pol i ce academi es and t act i cal oper at i ons t eams,mi l i t ar y speci al oper at i ons uni t s, champi on mar t i al ar t i st s, and hundr eds ofot her el i t e and pr of essi onal at hl et es wor l dwi de.

5 NI KE SPARQ Trai ni ng Web Si t e, About Us, ( unknown, Ni ke Sparq Trai ni ng n. d. ), Accor di ng t o t hei r websi t e, i t s mi ssi on i s t o enabl e ever y at hl et e t o r eachhi s or her pot ent i al usi ng nat ur al , sci ent i f i cal l y- based t r ai ni ng met hods.

6 CrossFi t :ht t p: / / www. board. cr ossf i t . com/ f orumdi spl ay. php?s=8197e37d3f 2705c235f f b47cac538859&f =15 , as accessed on 15 Dec, 2008, t he mai n f orumpage was hi ghl i ght edby an emai l f r om Mar i ne SSgt Frank Ol l i s t o the Cr ossFi t t eam det ai l i ng hi sat t empt t o i nt egr at e Cr ossFi t t r ai ni ng i nt o hi s uni t physi cal t r ai ni ngprogr am.

3
http://www.board.crossfit.com/forumdisplay.php?s=8197e37d3f2705c235ffb47cac538859&f=15http://www.board.crossfit.com/forumdisplay.php?s=8197e37d3f2705c235ffb47cac538859&f=15http://www.board.crossfit.com/forumdisplay.php?s=8197e37d3f2705c235ffb47cac538859&f=15http://www.board.crossfit.com/forumdisplay.php?s=8197e37d3f2705c235ffb47cac538859&f=15


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t r ai ni ng pr ogr am. 7 As a resul t , Mar i nes pay f ees when t hey j oi n

t hese gyms t o sur r ound t hemsel ves wi t h personnel who underst and

t he pr ogr am and use t he gym s equi pment .

Pr i vat e gyms and t he physi cal f i t ness progr ams ment i oned

ar e pr of i t dr i ven and t hus spend t hei r r esour ces i n r esear ch and

devel opment i n a way t hat t he mi l i t ary cannot compete. Normal l y,

t he pr i vat e busi ness sect or pr of i t s f r om mi l i t ar y per sonnel who

wi l l pay out of pocket t o achi eve gr eat er physi cal f i t ness.

Researchi ng and devel opi ng pr ogr ams f or i t s t arget market means

hi gher pr of i t s f or t hose busi nesses. The Mar i ne Cor ps has a

uni que oppor t uni t y t o benef i t f r om t he pr i vat e busi ness sect or

t hat has al r eady conduct ed t he r esear ch and desi gned pr ogr ams

t ai l or ed to t he mi l i t ar y s needs. The evi dence and pr ogr ams ar e

al r eady desi gned and worki ng. The Mar i ne Corps need onl y adapt

i t sel f t o meet t he needs of t he Mar i nes, many of whom ar e

al r eady par t i ci pat i ng i n t hese pr ogr ams.

Addi t i onal l y, t he Mar i ne Cor ps can f i nanci al l y benef i t f r om

ut i l i zi ng t hese modern t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams because t he equi pment

r equi r ed f or t he ment i oned t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams i s mi ni mal . Many of

t he exer ci ses can be done wi t h dumbbel l s, bar bel l s, j ump r opes,ket t l e bal l s, pul l - ups bar s, and some car di o equi pment i f

needed. Most of t hi s t ype of equi pment i s al r eady i n pl ace,

7 CrossFi t : Forging Elite Fitness, Question 9.2: What is the cost ofaffiliation?, ht t p: / / www. crossfi t . com/ cf - i nf o/ f aq. ht ml #Af f i l i at es0

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http://www.crossfit.com/cf-info/faq.html#Affiliates0http://www.crossfit.com/cf-info/faq.html#Affiliates0


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l eavi ng l i t t l e need f or addi t i onal acqui si t i on of speci al

exerci se equi pment . Moreover , exper i ence has shown t hat even t he

i t ems ment i oned, whi l e si mpl e i n nat ur e and abi l i t y t o acqui r e,

ar e not necessary t o ut i l i ze advanced t r ai ni ng t echni ques. For

exampl e, i n 2006 the Canadi an School of I nf ant r y conduct ed an

exper i ment t o t r ai n i n an aust ere envi r onment per f ormi ng many

of t he Cr ossFi t t r ai ni ng t echni ques ut i l i zi ng sandbags, l ar ge

r ocks, and wat er - f i l l ed j ugs. 8 I t was deemed successf ul pr ovi ng

t hat t r ai ni ng can be conduct ed wi t hout t he use of t he expensi ve

modern t r ai ni ng equi pment as used i n many Semper Fi t gyms. By

r educi ng t he gym s equi pment t o those si mpl e t r ai ni ng i t ems, t he

Mar i ne Corps wi l l save a subst ant i al amount of money hel pi ng t o

r educe t he f i nanci al st r ai n on t he Mar i ne Cor ps budget .

Achieving results in less time (getting more for less)

Mar i nes are const ant l y under t i me const r ai nt s, and

i nt egr at i ng t he advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams i nt o t he Mar i ne

Cor ps physi cal f i t ness pr ogr am woul d save t i me and achi eve

qual i t at i ve r esul t s f ast er . Keepi ng physi cal l y f i t i s a

chal l enge i n l ar ge par t because many new pr ogr ams such as t he

Mar i ne Cor ps Mar t i al Ar t s Progr am

9

( MCMAP) and cul t ur al l anguage

8 Ref erence to t he Cr ossFi t experi ment conduct ed i n t he spr i ng of 2006 by t heCanadi an School of I nf ant r y

9 Gener al J . L. J ones, ALMAR 042/01, Establishment of the Marine Corps MartialArts Program, 20 Sep, 2001

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t rai ni ng10 have been added t o t he t r ai ni ng schedul e, and

commanders are t asked t o do more wi t h l ess. Yet , t he Mar i ne

Corps has not pr ovi ded commanders wi t h ext r a hour s t o accompl i sh

al l of t he requi r ed t r ai ni ng and as Maj Rober t H. Dur yea not es

uni t s sel dom achi eve t r ai ni ng pl ans of t he hi ghest qual i t y

because commander s l ack t he knowl edge and t i me t o provi de a

hi gh- qual i t y physi cal condi t i oni ng pr ogr am. 11 By ut i l i zi ng t he

advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams t hat are scr i pt ed f or use, commanders

can maxi mi ze t r ai ni ng t i me rat her t han pl anni ng t r ai ni ng

sessi ons. As a resul t , t he compet i ng pr i or i t y of pl anni ng t he

physi cal t r ai ni ng sessi on i s r emoved and t he Mar i nes can f ocus

on t he physi cal t r ai ni ng.

Another benef i t of t hese advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams i s

t hei r enhanced qual i t at i ve r esul t i n si gni f i cant l y l ess t i me.

Many of t he progr ams are desi gned i n a manner t hat maxi mi zes t he

physi cal r esul t i n l ess t i me t han t r adi t i onal met hods of

exerci se. Thi s at t r act s Mar i nes who need t o make the most of

t hei r t i me. Mar i nes can sei ze t he oppor t uni t y t o spend t hei r

saved t i me on t he other t r ai ni ng requi r ement s such as MCMAP and

l anguage t r ai ni ng, vi ce t he gym. Addi t i onal l y, Mar i nes wi l l

10 Lt Gen George A. Fl ynn, MARADMI N 661/ 08, Rel ease of t he Roset t a St oneLanguage Learni ng Sof t ware, 21 Nov, 2008

11 Maj Rober t H. Dur yea, Physi cal Trai ni ng I nst r uct ors : The Key t o CombatCondi t i oni ng, Mari ne Corps Gazet t e

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enj oy the benef i t of achi evi ng r esul t s f ast er and st ay mot i vat ed

t o cont i nue wi t h t he pr ogr am.

Preparing Marines for the physical rigors of combat

Combat i s physi cal l y taxi ng and demands a hi gh l evel of

physi cal f i t ness t o f aci l i t at e success. However , as evi dent by

t he recent i mpl ement at i on of t he CFT r equi r ement , t he cur r ent

Mar i ne Cor ps t r ai ni ng pr ogr am ( out l i ned i n Mar i ne Cor ps Or der

P6100. 12 ( MCO P6100. 12) ) 12 and PT t est does not adequatel y meet

t he type of energy demands exper i enced i n combat . For t hat

r eason, t he Combat Fi t ness Test ( CFT) i s desi gned to

compl ement t he PFT and i s char acter i zed by anaer obi c ( shor t

bur st ) energy demands. 13 By coi nci dence, many of t he advanced

t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams, such as P90X, Cr ossFi t , and Ni ke s Speed,

Power , Agi l i t y, React i on, and Qui ckness ( SPARQ) , of f er t r ai ni ng

pl ans speci f i cal l y t ai l or ed t o pr ovi de t he anaer obi c shor t bur st

ener gy t r ai ni ng r equi r ed f or t he CFT, but most i mpor t ant l y,

combat .

12 MCO P6100. 12, Mar i ne Corps Physi cal Fi t ness Test and Body Composi t i on

Progr am Manual , Headquar t ers Mar i ne Corps, Washi ngt on, DC, 10 May 2002, p. 13. The manual pr ovi des br oad gui dance on how a physi cal condi t i oni ng t r ai ni ngpl an shoul d be const r uct ed and execut ed. A speci f i c t r ai ni ng pl an i s noti ncl uded.

13 General J ames T. Conway, ALMAR 032/08, Changes to the Marine Corps PhysicalFitness Program,ht t p: / / www. mar i nes. mi l / news/ messages/ Pages/ CHANGESTOTHEMARI NECORPSPHYSI CALFI TNESSPROGRAM. aspx

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Advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams, such as Cr ossFi t , ar e popul ar

amongst Mar i nes because t hey f ost er compet i t i on agai nst one

anot her . Thi s spi r i t of compet i t i on pushes Mar i nes har der wi t h

addi t i onal ef f or t because t hey ar e i n a peer - set envi r onment .

The mor e ef f or t t hat i s exer t ed i n a t r ai ni ng envi r onment , t he

mor e physi cal l y pr epar ed a Mar i ne i s f or combat . Thi s t ype of

ef f or t was di spl ayed i n a Cr ossFi t compet i t i on hel d by t he

Mar i nes of Regi ment al Combat Team 5 ( RCT- 5) i n Hi t , I r aq dur i ng

t hei r r ecent depl oyment . I t was awesome; i t was a chal l enge f or

ever yone t o go up t her e and do i t . I t hi nk ever yone enj oyed i t ,

and t hey def i ni t el y f el t t he ef f ect s of i t and ar e st i l l f eel i ng

t he ef f ect s of i t , sai d Gunner y Sgt . Br i an K. Keagy, 36, t he

assi st ant oper at i ons chi ef wi t h H&S Co. , f r om Nokomi s, I l l . I t

was wor t hwhi l e, and I d def i ni t el y do i t agai n. 14

Many of t he advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams are t i me based

al l owi ng member s t o compet e agai nst each ot her and mot i vate one

anot her . As seen i n t he pr evi ousl y ment i oned ar t i cl e, t hi s t ype

of t r ai ni ng oppor t uni t y i nher ent l y f ost er s a sense of espr i t - de-

cor ps as uni t s compet e agai nst one anot her . Addi t i onal l y, uni t

members f eel a sense of accompl i shment when vi ct ory i s

achi eved, t hus pr omot i ng posi t i ve moral e amongst t he Mar i nes and

i t s uni t . For t unat el y, t he physi cal r i gor s of combat ar e bet t er

14 Cpl Shawn Cummi ns, Cr ossFi t Compet i t i on Fuel s Fi t ness, 24 Oct , 2008, ( CplCummi ns 2008)

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met by t hose who are not onl y sound i n body, but sound i n mi nd

and mor al e as wel l .

Counterargument: These advance training programs will

exploit the Marine Corps

Many wi l l ar gue t hat pr i vat e busi ness wi l l expl oi t t he f act

t hat t he Mar i ne Corps has i mpl ement ed some of i t s t r ai ni ng

t echni ques i n or der t o sel l t hei r pr oduct s or ser vi ces t o t he

publ i c. Whi l e i t i s t r ue t hat i t does make good busi ness sense

t o st amp the Mar i ne Corps brand name on some of t hese pr oduct s,

t he Mar i ne Cor ps can mi t i gat e t hi s expl oi t at i on by reachi ng a

l egal agr eement al l owi ng t he Mar i ne Corps t o use t hei r pr ogr ams

under i t s own terms and agr eement s. A par t nershi p can be

achi eved t hat i s bot h benef i ci al t o t he busi ness and t he Mar i ne

Cor ps as an i nst i t ut i on whi l e mai nt ai ni ng t he Mar i ne Cor ps

i nt egr i t y and best i nt er est i nt act.

Counterargument: These advance training programs will be

too challenging for some of the Marines and the Unit PT

program will suffer low morale

Ot her opponent s of t he advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams wi l l

ar gue t hat t he t echni ques ar e t oo di f f i cul t f or al l of t he

Mar i nes t o per f or m due t o t hei r st at e of physi cal f i t ness, t hus

Uni t PT pr ogr ams wi l l suf f er l ow mor al e. J ust as t he cur r ent PT

pr ogr am15 al l ows f or f l exi bi l i t y i n t he creat i on of i t s t r ai ni ng

15 MCO P6100. 12, Marine Corps Physical Fitness Test and Body CompositionProgram Manual, Headquar t ers Mar i ne Corps, Washi ngt on, DC, 10 May 2002, p. 13. The manual pr ovi des br oad gui dance on how a physi cal condi t i oni ng t r ai ni ng

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sessi ons, t hese advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams can be t ai l or ed t o

Mar i nes t hat ar e not as physi cal l y f i t as t hei r peer s. Mar i nes

ar e al l owed t o per f or m f ewer r epet i t i ons as needed i n a bui l di ng

bl ock appr oach t o get physi cal l y f i t . Consequent l y, Uni t PT

pr ogr ams can cont i nue as bef ore; wi t h ei t her goal of devel opi ng

physi cal l y f i t Mar i nes or pr omot i ng uni t y and espr i t - de- cor ps.

Recommendation: Integrate advanced Physical Training

Programs into the Marine Corps

Commanders ar e f aced wi t h t he awesome responsi bi l i t y of

pr epar i ng thei r Mar i nes f or combat i n a t i me const r ai ned

envi r onment wi t h compet i ng pr i or i t i es. Mar i nes ar e war r i or s, and

t hei r bodi es must be physi cal l y f i t t o meet t he chal l enges on

t he bat t l ef i el d. By i nt egr at i ng t he advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams,

t he Mar i ne Cor ps can sei ze t he oppor t uni t y t o bet t er t r ai n

Mar i nes f or t he physi cal har dshi ps of bat t l e. The Mar i ne Cor ps

shoul d al so adapt a Warr i or athl ete mi ndset and appr oach t he

t ask of physi cal l y t r ai ni ng Mar i nes as an Ol ympi an woul d pr epar e

f or t he Ol ympi cs. Tr ai ni ng oppor t uni t i es shoul d be maxi mi zed t o

r ecei ve r esul t s f ast er wi t h t hose r esul t s devol vi ng a pot ent ,

powerf ul Mar i ne ready t o meet ment al and physi cal hardshi ps. The

Mar i ne Corps shoul d al so l essen t he f i nanci al bur den on Mar i nes

who ar e cur r ent l y payi ng out of pocket t o j oi n pr i vat e gyms t o

pl an shoul d be const r uct ed and execut ed. A speci f i c t r ai ni ng pl an i s noti ncl uded.

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r ecei ve t hi s t r ai ni ng. Mar i nes deser ve t he best t r ai ni ng

pr ogr ams avai l abl e t o pr epar e t hem f or t he physi cal r i gor s of

combat and by i nt egr at i ng t he advanced t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams i nt o

t he cur r ent physi cal f i t ness pr ogr am, t he Mar i nes and Mar i ne

Cor ps wi l l meet t hose chal l enges.

1, 719 WORDS

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12

Bi bl i ogr aphy

Cpl Cummi ns, Shawn. "Cr ossFi t Compet i t i on Fuel s Fi t ness . "www.Marines.mil. Oct ober 24, 2008.ht t p: / / www. mar i nes. mi l / uni t s/ mar f or pac/ i mef / 1st mar di v/ 5t hr egi ment / r ct5/ Pages/ Cr ossf i t compet i t i onf uel sf i t ness. aspx ( accessedDecember 13, 2008) .

General Conway, J ames T. ALMAR 032/08, Changes to the MarineCorps Physi cal Fitness Program. August 8, 2008.ht t p: / / www. mar i nes. mi l / new/ messages/ pages/ changest othemar i necor psphysi cal f i t nessprogr am. aspx ( accessed December 15, 2008) .

Gener al J ones, J . L. "ALMAR. " ALMAR 042/01. Sept ember 20, 2001.( accessed December 16, 2008) .

Lt Gen Fl ynn, Geor ge A. "MARADMI NS. " MARADMIN 661/08, Release ofthe Rosetta Stone Language Learning Software. Nov 21, 2008.( accessed December 16, 2008) .

Maj Dur yea, Rober t H. "Physi cal Tr ai ni ng I nst r uct or s: The Key t oCombat Condi t i oni ng. " Marine Corps Gazette.

unknown. CrossFit: Forging Elite Fitness.

ht t p: / / www. crossf i t . com/ cf - i nf o/ what - crossf i t . ht ml ( accessedDecember 12, 2008) .

Unknown. MCO P6100.12, Marine Corps Physical Fitness Test andBody Composition Program Manual. Pr ogr amManual , Washi ngt on,D. C. : Headquar t er s Mar i ne Cor ps, 2002.

unknown. Nike Sparq Training. ht t p: / / www. spar qt r ai ni ng. com/ about( accessed December 15, 2008) .

. P90X, Extreme Body Workout.

ht t p: / / www. ext r emebodyworkout . com/ p90x- pr oduct s/ p90x. php( accessed Febr uar y 15, 2009) .

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