AD/A-002 532

MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS-CONUS REORCAN-IZATION 1973 (AS PERTAINS TO FORSCOM.TRADOC, HSC, OTEA AND CAA). VOLUME I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

M. H. Hamilton, et al

General Research Corporation

Prepared for:

Office of the Chief of Staff (Army)

November 1974

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OhD-CR-64 Vol 1I___ ________

lbasures of Effectivcnesi. - M~US Reorgmi.- Final Reportation 1973 Vol I .. -ul ivie Sc..aIry motumm

H iLmilzn DIC 19-69-C-0017G. G. Cold

"sA £0 1,00 O NT ,abs? k 4m aIS

Ganeral Research Corporation7655 Old Springhouse Road. Mc!tean, Va.__________

114DA jNoveber 1974DACS-IrnA iu~t~&

_____________ ______ _________[ nclassifiedO~~~bU

I Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

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an 2,4*V9L~w4m*TtA 1'.TS*..~ DEC1NATIONAL TECHNICALINFORMATIN SORVICr

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CMUS reorgani zat ion subobjecti ye pe rformiance measure32ibgoal resulting Interaction organizationalobjective goal effectivenessimovati ye chanuge vrasurement are a

The study provider, an evaluatinn plan, "ased on selecteA performiancemeasures wh~ich will assist in the overall assesstKnt of the effectivness of the UIS Army over time In terms of the fulfillment of thegoals w-d objectives of the COMUS Reorganizatica of 1973. The plenIs intended to complement other evaluation means such as. cmiaanders'personal estimates mid reviews br Department of Army specialized

_pni es. d72 INIIC-1 IMOS& S 010LTIE8 NCLAS1lFlEs___

S6LM1 CL AS~at ML 11to ON211 P;.I Oa k- 4*,

UNCLASS~ I IIE(cnSLt ) Fl

The plan Is lip-ited to sellicted comands and mgmelts that wereoreinr-d or significantly affected by the Reorganization (1,e., Force jCommand. Training and tVoc~rine Comad, Health Services Cemmnd,Cancept-s Analv~i., Agency, and Operational Test and Evaluation Agency'The Individual performance measures Wi~tun the plai are specificallyrelated to there commands and agee~cfeb as well as to the four sojevgoals of the keorgaaization. Tk~s goehv are: (1) improve Ar&Treadiness of bots, ,ctive and Resezve Components. (2) harne-- gacoolsand combat development activicies, (3) improve the quality and re-aponsiveness of -amagtnnt, and (4) reinforce the role of the in- -

stallation cousin'd'r.

The basic analyticail approach involed a disciplined i4entificatioof specific organizational subaoals/objectiwes, developent of areasfor notasurement and means of their measurement, and finally, developmeat of the Integrated evaluation plan to include analytical tecli-aiques. The study used techniques and mo thad!A of effectivenessanalyses. Tt-e plan provide.s for good use of uoistin.g data systemor ow system being established a*s the result of the reorganizationto collect data for the evaluation. In some cases the formulationof performance seasures directly Into adequate quantifiable form isnot possible and qualitative considerations In the form of surveys oispaecial. analyses usist plaV an imporzant role In assessmmnt of the ef-fectivenebs of the reorganization.

The evaluation plan consists of five separate detailed assessenat-fore;*tjof thue i-ve cnawarifiv. nd agenree to he eaut

Each of the detailed plans i.s organized according to selected areasfor measurement, with each area containing a varying number of per-formence measures. The areas foir measurement are biwically functicategories used to helo managers at HQ DA and elsew~hpre I-: the Armyto focus their attention on the broad mage.uent comcerns associated

with each of the organ itarions. The actual data collection effort aswhich any evaluation must be based is determined by the perforimceIsasures of which theve are 88.

The individual perforviance oteasures can s.ervea several purposs:(1) provide a indication of performance effectiveness In a speciflearea of concern, (-" be used in combinatio with other measures todevelop an overall pict ire of effectiveness. and (3) serve aw thebasis ter Identifying opportunities, formulating policy alternatives,and taking acficin With regard Lo the mmagement. L..ganization. andoperatimi of activities designed tro achieve Lhe aission/functioncovered by the meaisure.

An important n of the evaluation plan uill be as a zo-wmx mgsof communication for assessing the effectiveness of' the WEJS Re-organization by those involved in the assessment process (i.e.., thecommands/agencies, AAA, IC,, and Army Staff).

tJHCL.5 I FT ED

~ *~Y51 OU'i~T~WTCONfTRACT RFI'"1 OV CR-44 PwOIift Nsaem*e' 374

Measuzres of Ef fectiveneza-

CONUS Reorganization 1973

(A% Pe~Ahts to FMM~f, TAONC 1AAOCA

MOO I-Exmtie on

G G GoldP. S4D~tffl 00

awU

DD C

OMMA1IJO#S ANALYSr. DIVISOM4

G ENiRtAIt.RESEARCHWISIAll RMSARCH PAK MUN VIRGOVIA .I7IOI

This report presenta an evaluation plan destgnied to assist the Army

in the overall assessmeat of its effecttveness in term of the goals of

the COHUS Reorganization - 1973. The report consists of four voluves.

Volume I provides an executive sur.ary. Volune tl contains the detailed

plan; it identifies measurement areas and perfoanc easures and relates

then to specific commands or agencies and goal4. Data collection and

analytical techniques are discussed in Volume i11. BackgrotLd infoartion

on the development of the plan to include information on study team

visits and a iervations is provided in Volhs- IV.

The backgtound material and information required for the study could

not have been assembled in the time required had it not been for the un-

itinting cooperation of many individtaIs in the commands and agencies

included in the evaluation plan. The critical reviews of Tasks 1, lI,

1-were uin narruwn i c -. plan to n

size and scope. Although these command aud agency inputs contributed

greatly to the plan's development, the final r-comsended plan is the sole

respon ibility or the authors.

A particular debt of gratitude is owed to Colonel Paul Raisig, the

SAC Chairman, LTC Robert Michel, and LTC Win. A:d C. Frank, all of the

Office of the Chief of Staff, US Army, fox their time, guidance said

aaaistarice throughout the project. LTC Robert Faulkender, Headquarters

FORSCOM; LTC Hark Hake, Readquarters HSC; and Mrs. G. C. 'tillikeu., ead-

quarters TRADOC, were particularly helpful in coordinating visits and

study papers within their respective commands.

The uanuscript was patiently prepared by Mrs. Betty M. Shitflezt

And 'lrs. Elizabeth Fickln of General Research Corporatio

~ii

-. -.

SECTION PAGF

PRFACE___i i

EW CUTIVE S'I,"qAY

I NVELOPMtHT OF EVALUAT15Ht PLAN (I 'Vo 1 11)

2 OVERVIEW OF EVALUATION PLAN (In Vol II)

3 USES. LIMITS. AND POTENIAL EXTENSIOXS

OF TE PLAN (In Vol II)

APP ND! IES

A Detailed Assensont Plan for TRlADOC (in Vol I)

a Detalh.d Assessment Plan fw: FOIR SCD (!n Vol II)

C Detailed Assessment Plan for USC (In Vol I)

D Detailed Assesament Plan for CAA (In Vol II)

E Drtal!ed Assessnent Plata for GTEA (In Vol II)

F Data C-o lection (In Vol III)'

G Analytical Techniques (In Vol III)

H Sumarv of Tasks and Their Relationshipsin Develcpwnt of the Evaluation Plan (In Vol !V)

I Viaits, Ub 2rvations, and Prelietinary Assessment (In Vol IV)

REVERCES 18

ABtREVIATIONS AND ACRMOYS 24

V

EXF&:UT IVE SWMARY

CON'TE:NTS

PURPOSL

ASSESSNINP PPRAC

JPeproachea to Ansesswnt

Fiodel for Analysis 6

MEMOCDIX)GY FOR PLAN4 DEVELOFPE1T 8

OVERVIEW OF EVALUATIcM PLAN 9

Performsence Megssures 9

1rportiug Fiequency 13

Levols of Effort 14

Pre-Reorgnt1zastiom Comarisom; 14

USES OiF T*WE EVALUATION PLci 14

LINirS OF MEi PLAN 15

JYMEIAL EXTEN4SIONIS OF THE PLAN4 t6

SL3MARY 17

A*5RJEVATICHS ANED ACRONYMS 24

it

1 hc.t of Oa1samalz 1oa behavior-

2 R*Jrcted phpael Approaches 7

E valusetm I'1Aw Suwmary to

It~

LWAYTX.I UlVi. S(Lf!ARY

PilVOSE

Th i report swmtri, Ji5 evalutttion plam h:.;ed in selt-cted perfor-

smiare measurt-i -.hich wv4 developed to a-4mist iti the overall abacsneent ki

the effecti,-enei of the US Ara-y in terms of the fulfillment of the go As

ad objecLtiw of the CiNNUS Reorganization of 19Z3. The plan In intended

to coIppewtit other evaluatito %-lans sawii as ,owmanderrs personal estimates

id review.. by Department of Arwv specialized aigenciesi, for exAaie, tin-

Office (f the I, :pector (eneral iand tkie Army Audit Agency.

SCOPE

The plan is limited as specified by the study spcmsor to selected

;-. an-' lod sgaenc!e t!.ti ererar-ted Or nianixicLltiy aiitecied by LI14

Reorganizatian, i.e., Forces Command (FORSCOM), Training .s*d Do:trine

U'omajud (AlbXDGIA), lealth ServlI:es Comnd (lSC), Concepts fAalyvais Agency

(CAA), ad peraticnal It-at and !fvaluatton Agency (OTFA). The individual

p~rfornawv measures within the plan are specifically related to these

convands and agenc) .s as well as to the four tailor goal of the Reorgani-

xatio,. Thoule goals, also p'ovided to tie studV teas by the sposisor, are:

" ILrove Armiy readiness of both Activew and Reserv Coooerxt8.

" H.,jnie. schools and comat develo0PWelt activitls.

" lqiove the quality and responsiveness of -wiraagement.

* einforce the role the instalation colamnder.

The goals are refineaent.: of severa). statents of guidaince and purpoue

tvhich had bFsen the batsis for the advance planing process %iWed by the

Arny to rle-,p tie overa[ I{NUS Relrgan!zatior p ian The goals sut-

wmrized the bamic thrusts ctt the rorg zagor 'rd .-er'.ed thp significant

ptmrpoul- of toldicat iog tile di rPuc. tons toiard Wmit ch iuraox-,- dcl ivi led p lanntcir

an d i OP al'n 14%t ,. hfS to 4 be ti Ods! 0,.

KW9ETUS tWtM l.ALUArl(WN

Ill.!O ketlMI for a formali'ced =zaessftent of the (TOUIS Rteorgnnikrmo

of 1973 vat; ai ploduct of:-

. 1he Inteu3-4c interest of top Army axnpewf i. n ov*-raI antilesa-

Ment a f the perforvimck of the live Spcified agant nti.

* Itbt atrew importan of the reorganLzarlonal chaniges that occuz red.

0 Reomna~n tromv extenlal fiorce rox, R follov-cm evaluation,

Experiencc Awd a aerieA J amagempit studieci duirig Live period

1966-1972 hod identified and deiined IpportAnt problemo under th? CLJIM(CCOX

canicept of organizationi. Nk-ncower, declining sumpamr, inCr"Rd1ug costS,

and redgaced purchalin& powtr all pointed to the need fiar realiginnt m-id

strengthevligii of variou" AiwV elpwnnts. Tap Arvw, mnzneeent wanted to

hiea wams . aupsG~~ng averall orgrii Attial perftrtuuice wJ tin COWUS

in a rokstine wanner whitch w.ould aosit in tianagirig ongoing oiveratiotis nliue

ecourage like design and imp lentat ion of t ay nveded :hanges in zhe future

without excesive 1jel.ay and tturbuletice.

The very real Impiortance of the chang~es whtch occurred because of the

i'4i3 KeOrVAntV-Ait i4n 6R4, :L~rh- f~ro in rhe i-rts fo Ott .

as' this evaluavion plan. In the past it had 6e.en decided thnt #cONARC~.i

fspan of control was~ tou broad to Muwoage btih Lhe reav'inoss and training

alsA.ions with proper effective veiis. But now the qiwatio~n was whether two

co-equal coinaids. FORSOOM =4- TIRAOC, eachI w~th cowwnd over assigned

installations, cou'd fulvill thpir nissamis cocopcratively. In the past,

the separation of omat developers t-.oin the servtce schc~ols had resultedpin the inability to uit~xe combat developwnts resoureu wtth tte desiredeffectiveness. Now the que-tion w"i whether the incltm-tiont of the Combat

N-velopsents Command's elements within the new TRADOC' structure vould re-

sult, Ini fact, in the closer integrntton of caubat developeents products

and activities with) the actual needs, (if decision mokers and cralners. Each

of the new oraI~ n-I)SOTRAIXPC, HSC, CAA. .1TEk-brought With it

niew ques,,ions. 4,11 oft hese quesylon; focused or, a !single comcerni Uould

the ne% nuruc -ures help Owe Army dto its Job? Axnwers to thtl. coklc~rn were

essential It further imp w~nt were to be piauned and twpleaw-4red

2

effectIwVCiy. o~ iirp&rtatuce 0.4 exch coritaniijE0is~*~ winmudcrcrt

the nccfsity lbai owend,, in ergmlI~tirmnai performaance be identified and

agnalvaeJ befnt-e tkwr iow ivito orftdzizatiotial crises rA-tJ ring Jra-

P~roviding sti 111 XA Iir Ampettus for Ow.~ develpment (:f tis.~ C%'vIu.-

tlev, plan wai thae Owereia of Qxwgretwa and its investigative agency, the

(4nerai Acotwitrqg Office. la part tIhiz irtereut Rtevwd Io Corivresonai

conoen-t for thie increaailzg _cao of *.,Kpovvr and umeapon nysteww, mid the d,-

sitre to iapo,i,- the ratio of combat t'j aupport. reg~urces, In part thix4

Intervit reflected one of Elie omcuU f die f.N)'x report on th~e Re-

Wc Seiiew that the Arury rec~ogniz-ed the need for orgmil-taticmat rhauage and accompl-ihied that :-omple!x jtd diffl-cult ta.sk of planning snfactorl 'iy. The Army shouldteatahlish a formzal evalutation inech~onis tet measure theeffectiveness of Itrf nvw orgwlotatitim .- The... fitsdingsahould be av~i1&blc to the Arvy's key decisionmakers forperlodic review, Thtl4 should he tp ins~ure that the rear-

taniLzti(Ei goals anid ujectilves aire met.1

BASEUN' FO)R "0J ASSESSMENT

Trhree plausible haaeltines were considered for Lhe evaluotioa: Past

perfformnc-. th+.oretical skmda;-df of deaired future perforsawe. Md

trenda In real preeeni perforftunce cnwipareJ over time, 1-th, proposed1 eval-a

watic-n plan ceitters ott the third biuelirc. Its aim Is to deffne reasonable,

acceptable crite~ria and to ideittify !iourcesi of data wi iid will ht- auffl-

ciently stable to perbait a series of iterntive evaluations tor the par-

poses of Identify~lng trends In performance.

CDO*Wtile'r Gcelaral of tile Lni1t'?d Stalze.;' The hy IReorgetni zatiol

for ths: 1910s an Aesestown. of th- Fla~1in, MX) B-172707, Aiuut 13,19 73, op 19-20.

3

A couprrisou of present organiratioi~al pterfut~woice with tbe past

would :awe focused 3n the comarisos of the (~ARC/CCIMC cupt with the

p ;esent T)IOR/ORAOCSC/CAIOTHA courept. QmWmabmbl cr1 taria mod

actirces of data wvoeld have betn necessary. 72w. dot* baee for curtb a at

parison Is toc*Wl.~te, aid ratadly ahsaent In several laatmmcs since paot

organizations had no reasaa to anticipate- the ireqtdremonut o~f ths evalu-

ation. plan nowt being developed. Uremause of this a#d the 1 Ihe

that the Army weould ccmwider rceverting to Its former eomfigwatinmn, c'am-

parisoxis ,Yithn the pat coutld only be incoplete and of parti~ul valva.

Mam-theless, this approach is reco~mlsed In the pvtsent plen where 1 i-

vidnial n,,asurvs are categorized according to the availabllity- of du#A

f or pant coWariscus. This Is dene because of the Army's dimiw to awke.

at least brood judgmentst as to the advantages ad efladvanMpiigs of tk.e

Aecrgcvization in ccaarison with the past.

A ccimarison of present perfotmancne with desired fttvxv parloruacc

would have requi red that Army managers establish theoretic." performance

stansdards including the specification of the candirtions on4:;er ,hikh these

standards could be &ttained. The Army did, of course, articulate 4he1* four major goalz of Ume Reorganixation. These goals, broadly cenceivedas they were, served to print the Reorgmization planners ad the orpu-seulie thbzy L m~id~neraixe-d aftrecrtions. But tboz oal

did not provide criteria of: success or failure. Nor wer, such riteria

provided elsewhere in the planning effort. Atay awageowut desired to

build into Its organizations the capability of adptirng f-14*dbfity to

changing environmental condivl Ims. Ttw settinag of narcw warfrnmm

cr~ te-ia would bavw restricted nnecesstari-17 the abAltry of macagers at

the cuoaand anid agency levels to revIse their internal strurctres.

lmpro-vement i: futurc perfomance is recopiizetl in Ow sassnt plan

as a matter -- quiring the seiectiem kv Army marsgers of timely strategies

aind tecitniques aimed aL meeting perftraumce objectives wited to specific

situations rather than presuming to anticipate those situations. Infot-

nation devtel~ped by this plan should help nxake~ thore e-ecisin more ac-

curate and effid-ctiv-.

ia Ktca1 pri-.eat pcrforranc-: comp AItd IVY7 firr SM-h a ~fI<' 113 V

the initial&.'a Collect ion to c AtAIfsih a pon of co-rc se'Fox. futrpt:

date alo ct iOn1$. Itq ro' Lis the rr.4fl_-4bi 1,ty of t ;rw va,,,rs to

exa=4fl Lite aPCUal Mairee~ And LrndstI tof~i~l i I~r~2I

Is accvtab, ~in~r condition',~ tit at thal T drA. I.~~

r'~onsii~~vof A.-zv caae, 1,, i_,ke such cvtrcctvf't rr~~~s avay

seeza reqtred and to evat cjn.tiont ri-vitte's to detervtn if those

corrective actionlv uvre aippruprL .i faict.

ASSESST AP?'POA~i

Pac-I2v L lf Is

Tkvc- evalu.atli v'ao har bz-vn. fori1ttd sot~U, gud~rva pro-ldf-d

L, the tkw-.r Thir guidance el1zoaoired ""h ie'-dS, (Jt1- to Ukl:Me

,6 A.Sting tia~.a iud .epor~ing =eCftan~st_ to the t';e.-imin possib>m_ extenit-~

and s,-a6 to enploari" ze F;J Vtriv 'n the pl~an, keep!-r the. xumhr 0i'

to p~rodu~ce .- i othalilor.-m~A 1

can coi).i Korde adeqazi? cov.,rurq of' ke ras4 savnr- of

* ~uci~reporred ir ctm.i!; tcrmi.

I coald provide ~ JatA' aiitai. ie to ireud i-nnlyawiA.

* could be &dz1raistcred with min~m-1aio~ resov:ce reliire-

ornts at HIQ J)A or ga the roatr'san," 'agelici;-.1

* would be accepted T9i ,t :scaable r.?po;--.ng 1,equirto<n-. by Ow

various commaands Pnd agAce- f ''cr io1-:ti 4o~jld be- nolected.

*cou~ld he -toJ 1)y the Acny itkc'Lf vith orziee o detedm&4'

On~ outside -cnrractcrs.

T'ils -iffl. ;~fct-4~ th.~ rdeAjv'z i, fe i.-J ini wo Prlncip.'1 ?as

Fl,-:,t, every ctiort v.- iz.~de ta itvold ni.' r, !piz~gr q!.tnin

Ln soru! irtstanct .h: -itisfactorv eyistnj nrk-p~or. w..s incIuded in. i'r.!f-

erekice to~ desigrnA'n a new date, e'Lquiromi-W -,Aichi leigIL have ptc.viO(ed a

twx e~r'ict Jest ripL-icn of a p:-ra icua - ecm-d, 0!;_ nood to acttlvt

a r' 1iiit- imr)1f(ity cp. tksigpi Iiyant th.k! the±~ ~avh p3,111 VOia112 have

to avv'O Cite pyraidi~z , of rm a~u;c .iron ~v~ re, a k1.iovd which ~ue

5

th;?. ove-ill oaui-L:-iona'. perfor-wace c~u: be uOacrstvo4 as a series o

dt-CL C. 'Il VVitfonhi-ps ~ Ci yn Owe ntc-)ros eXL-.!j-1AJ it tUnCcs8 UrpC0

orgaOI rionlaJ. periorokAfce thr~oughout the 'Am-y, such py ramisdinig would

have beeni vry voi~crablc to Jn.-curacle-.

to A~~

Wir~hilk the pa ~ eroet-ib~jihed by thec spomisor%.. F'"idazice, the

applicability oi h:;th of the t.-adittoiial appreaches to the analysis of

)rganizat-'anal effeotivemwss--th-~ goal approach arO the ftictioaJ ap-

prfbadi-vere exurined. In thr end, a hybrid aporoach was adopted because,

whilte the four inz-iur goals 4erc prescribed '-y ch,' *vrm-,, the dynamic nnture

of Lhe Armyos op, raciim also rce(ufrst2he use of 'be? irgainization itself

as a frar-- of refercece. The irportance of t~ie functional approach wan

explasized by the fact that the Army trnderw.ent tw. idditional reorgani-

sations of major magnitude (reductions and elignenent., of the Army

Staff and reductio,t; of overse~a hp.adquartcr , during Elie preparation of

this evaluation plan. Both a; these reorganizations in some measure im-

pacted ca the corAnwds n'id agencies to be --valuz~ted. Furthermore, the

four rgojli were stated not as final cond~tioi 14-- be achieved bur ratherI as tntentions to in)rovt the perforrance Qf tcur crucial fLrnctions ihich

cut across organizacioial boundaries In miny Instances.

,Mokel, ior als

.3evtral aie~ Yor analysis were considered in the de'sign of the

,Rluat-xon plau. Fnr.- Ove purrptp~es of this st~idy a Modified system; model

ba.;ed 3n i1i phases of organizat~ional behavior (Figure 1) was used. This

waA evs-4asizes thec flow- of rcsources and - -vities found in each of

the five e.wiand& and agencies iithout atzeImptirig Lo place the five or-

Hg- I- -Piiasies (if Or-ani ;'.it icmal haie

6

zbfiity . "~i L tir-~ prc-f-t o'i 7u v r' .icoeU. wer not~

r eidily evlabe of UKU-$ , m-it avid OirovU.hput :e:. uned If it could

L ~ ~ b rearo~iabl Insa,wp-d t hat 4" in fhs h v-, r' and I. '~tfactm%

reprosent all irpptt f.!i t -r (;-.. inpcie4r) viii Ct j!-. ti. int lua re theworkload jecfi'a-r.-d %'ut i ag a i 4-ar 'a ri .:i ~.tt

r v.: E .e d iu: 2). :7,-.!a - "~oi -v t' . r- jLc,- t~ kd

v in 1avp, part hcc,-m-,c -:o~ muir" of t!lt7, P-a vn m:;!zC fSurytiotm concerning

1J1mIcqece f-ati!f :cticn or "p-zychlcvO *-.a! (onrtacts-c;. tv exst~ amvrq;

ll Organi7atio.'s fver r:s.i~ " th 'irv 1 ~su ten- to

OemitafO ze f actc's~ vI i. ct in i*!j,; .:,.Uoma I isirvi ~a I , covi~idtrir-q, st~rtiaj

as tile utivte 'ocev vart.- CiCFI at iv.- 1, the 1973 Re-

I coiicerncd with the spt vi f4c fu-t ions -- uc1% ca; rene-mst, training,materiel tt- he-alth czv .. :-t-cal sic--taT 1me fIVc organ!-

zatouxwee c,%etcd Lo fi'

SPCIALIZAT.014 COOM IATION

SPA of CONTlROL AcmnAauv Imo

LISE AWD STAFF

Fig. 2-Rejlctcd Model Approactics

7

~yStLUIP E~~1 alkI' ncf:V: .ctv '~ ~C I d 6I---, thv.j, (t d to be I. uoco~wi~;i~ !~ l r tOf- IUrp-N4C? of' kils sudv. Slic"I Madels uny-

Ph.aire '1;' re.1 '14-1.0In (of organ i r-.t ji mr to their extvinJ. t-ri rtor-vats

as w.ell -,:. t rv~l.ticmf~hips aim-ng rhc Wnernai1 ~'.t~f eai-b

organizizhion. Use of a svsten i mdol would have dirctcd -.-vna~tt-,nt 'S

attenit&* t.. stithli suet. a-;i os i-cat 11on an-1 policy r k'in~. lbetween avi

WCeV* Fkvt alpru,Ai iate to Elie Fv'ju it-L-wnts "A the study *:nr.Moreover.

thec ost of iirp!em-nting asu adequaiv sys~tem evatiuation jil woi.ld hav-.

been ptjb i Iitibv

Final lyu~'I :tijila~t! - nsde 1.- vised on tose r~o-called ule-

mi of' admii .-. rativn vwre al5.o ctvrs ~teJ atnd reject.-d for the ;Purpower,

.)f tis iituta Ih-, L-dl start with sv t!vfiuaitioxi oft the functions

of as::t-~c Pl~ai, orgi~tize, cooK rol, coordinate, tval-jat--

and rc.t:t th-z e iuu &..'ons to an orgatiizxatio-n's pe'rforztuicc. Rut ftbe

crvuji . -of im~n :r-'f1~ the avctivitli-, 1,f runP~-- th.? Meble

rr-t! it! t' Ii th :a r., H porfo~. -~ Ut c f O or~ui~ 4. -ib ; .t..

Th-~ kii' ~ o r tht, d4: l'tn : ofr *hx, va luat.i. plan enthracA'

* ~~'Wau~JI1 I j . of Armyv do'corneIL.tlion of thut Rkcorgani zatli

of 1973 and earlie r e.rg:!ni Z.At lin ntdAt- ;.

* dentifiht iion ~filnkuvd:i ye clvtngte ;. resultinog initeirrelat io-

ships. an"' tht- oa~~~Is.nJ ofdite ives of the five organizations fnvoived

tn tht, -valuaJ.~io-i. 11 ncreben~ap amc-ng these urrgard izatitons,

Pint-u ?i.a ;r tunat t ~ina ar..is anti ..h(- Pcargaini zaion goeils also were

d intd. (ym it i d-E-sills thiS.)

* St*Iect lion of -;pvcit f art-as for mvs.urvmicnt and performance

* d.-ritif itt ilo oaf : ipporat in data i 1mt .their souiresn and

frcqur -f col ?W ,a-t ioa. amnd .~-' citeahimiqu t.' !-v

Cu-O t io uof t h'.-. 111-;1z,- war, facil it dt -J by v ~its to a reprc-

Sei* ut i%.', sxpt of iro ;ativli e! :,f fscc(d toy Ole Rvorgaoizat itn .nd

d1~ca~ Iti:;with -. vvvral .unc. and s-L.zf mcvuhtcr-. at thse vat bus

levels within amuNs. (Appon.dtz I proviides a rr'&ap of visits aend observ*-

t tos. ) Th i r inputs regarding masurabi th'ty, fmort&nce,~ and comrabon-

givotaesA. of measusrco helped considerably toi Jurther ref *ntng aid Iialting

the are"a for measuireuwrnt and theA r related performisace, measure.

OVERVJM OF EVALIJATI(E KAN

Table I is a sunar-. of the' proposed evaluatton plan. The -.erfor-

mmc wnasures are grouped into sixi stinwrv ev'aluation areas that easily

relate them to Army mssiolis &,Nd operations. Each pertonwince utisere

also applies to one o more rasmAmids bad to one or more of the fouar mjor

gvsiS of the Reorgdvizati-v* that are Identified in the pla by letters

as follow:

A -- imroA. Army readiness of both Active and "~serve Comnets

Forces.

85 Harneis irchools auid combat developmettts activities.

C - Iiproire the qualIity and !-esponstvece~z of wmagement.

D - Reinforcr the rcole of the Insta ia.icng cunder.

Perfo-uice Ileasures

'The individeual performace mezures can serve several purpms:

*Provide an indication of performce effectiweess In a specific

ArW9 Of concern.

a Be usned in cominatimb w.th other measures to develop -n e I

picture of effectiveness.

* Serve as the basis for idewatlfyi.ng opportunities, formulating

policy 2lternatties, and taking action with regard to the inagesut. 07-

Saitzation, and operation of activltes dusigned to achieve the mission/

funaction coverud by the measure.

There are b3 performance measures incixmded in the sumary pim. ?bow,

are couwidered the ainimu essential to provide adequate coveraWe of k"y

areap that contribute to a meaningful evaluation. An additiuvaI 25 per-

ftruace measures are -ntcalned in Appediwe A, ft, C, I), amd F which are

the detailed asessm~o, plans for each commeand or agtney. Tbhese addec.

nrureo would4 provide Important complementary supiport for the msesuut

but also would reluire a larger investment of resources for the evalumation.

9

Table I

EVALUAT ION PL.AtJ SNOWY

-u- -1~l rt kewlole awa&P- noruinairfANIla -. WtM

gahte teigt-4d9 for tat ictia peW mteal TSMIRtamn Ias Nirniquis 4.

SW041P Obeitar. k.~'ts to0 ttemia ohS-nuwau-d gad.a i by 1111. t*nmt Analt. Two i

TVe pet'sqtz -1 amwvA, Iftt Sa.a;M IC. Ia- coas%& t~ona Ufl adTSA pee l aaa"nd. 1111t Mgafe ItIy Ollien i

has Percent 0. stadvt !op~aiaa U4 Oetot is ... mne ISAflI Antha1t. ltotesg Tooi

"he *lgt-r mt p.:r ton~ .1 Aceen AtrvwlasdTwSa6sdI t O~tIANN Map lw It I* To*

ft. eoa&IT. ot erw'. ectot tufltim, ies a.4d Iyaed-,Par-j litvtn..ilU. fl r. elpE & faltySSgial 3IcdI .7 KID

Pb. 4rs._j fttwby .t euata "40bne ta t ts Sell rod,.. ClaM '.1 gh4w If 4311. tila tnhly I Vb~rae

In. patuat ac of ua eMv 'knlft faulty M-vaM .l..C t*..i a4-t..- talaw eait, troim Abtx Awmi Iy &%&*IU.Ia I .c

Tb-"retit .4 rrhlee tmtr I& ti tl ti. AiT"*- flat -tiaC*qnland er..tor SOul IlrIceeag.. f tWOe- 21pala ~ ls I. v ye

lh. ftt, -t the -41lamed 'are .1 neijmd yvyflIth I v lUAU) .WabJNad lb. !oo# Ii'?i tags tvge ire wand :- the t..t.tt Ie-1A.AtortjwJ TWA et..agvc lot then aresito. lUAU'. 14e "f is 00 2

Pa-VCVnt .9 tota fgi ate ratedfi Cheu0 tWe %res-. m tgP-tv

Time -- ?cost -' recSOMta throw's a.oea ace ,1 S-tlor MTt4 adt%azrrtc-t- ergie -.Ihtt.. *.t..C:ae

Me parrenlage .1 oese a .rri wait StILu 5& w!Rlav t..an"tfkramd ia-nt. -t .eA 1t~ AAA) ad4 tbv~aeeea - Ama

iat~ ti l-t.cMt L.-t f pQ* teO !'tu .EWD"gb. rIa IsV-t Oiins Vo(nac

1-.ait. .r1a nAla .-- r atIM sa IeTin .J.tio.. tAe Vimat

-I-c:.g taSae. Ol~ Il.1 "bitt IB~tflR L.C-it invot

Time "wcnte at SIMS alit Pa-a-amat aaeiaa-d -mg ep.'nasi "aT tantta ta trt~e 1,118341 'NArt'r IV pito A.C.D So

Tlhe pir~wtaWa -4 ina-nra- regmie-d tor- evaienl that I& aMwatlia-allnady 1A@i. enufalop'r-h iotaefue. .211111. A" rAtanatict"ttt rf.dy .. "IF t~It Ro I M S"Miese IT W14Migts A lao

The pur eutae Fa 'If teaa-l tn myed s. Owa ti.1d tar, 4sa-alaa-,

rihe limwite-, . ' ta-jan lattagholtae by Mfor t.01 wadaenietaewra'qWnte tree flena-rw '-Mellme amitt. ORDSO Qeait tovrteV Mfints

It.. ~ ~ a itctraetI , b. ioweeckagh tatti nd by hM dh gvl W aCarryting ..st thu.r meuin ad tnsa" POW11o 4- 4elmt flder. C 111

"M. sea-WA:I 01 RIMOr C~Aaee a-nse regAWiting the iaie.CV-af the ten at .bdiAated MOM **Veen kr11 Mmia b11atxce ad tagaka-iwhite. CF40 geaer evvitlablttty ot ta-daggtast Jo~ltior in tsctiseaeam&&, a the tagata Ca hfa& es- acilaw . 11C(M n - time Whbca- c

10

Table I (cent tng',i)

CA31, PMW saw I"% I. &tbe Jskv 1911 TPAi~w !i2 "rath. I..thoklo OVAIOO TUMM 40.MIV, pape.C 161

The p#%td1t%-e *, O"itie. V#Wrmti.,twi ..Apot1tv WML &wsst,,pM noiIV MMINNI SC on

M* ~ Upo6 £15 0. 511m tow 4WI i *1Mt I?,R aw l *o* i*.I thoI SO 6. lf3IsflS ve-o sw-d by 1WAXW Rod GoLiol dowop,etel 14iA...w tho~w maO t S byC Qw am.- BWS4609 mtma

The Wti It# sia ppw- A' M M,,hi a ww KW6 PR' q 3~I4pAAMIOAf/Orl ww_.dq4ft. 9'.q C4106 isa O~c dratSVftL~O itmlm Foslefflo d r * arWt'.. by TAM. TIIM Wm IT 1 i D.C 0

AWAN _4M 4W~mOMM RM PRUVRO.

Oatmeal V,&~c~ MO I.$o aff t~ M sie0w0 .'4 4taa Pew-

Fewco( .6 .qrpgqtea is.laciar 'gamma -Wwat11.6 by Ot, USIO20

MO a. It -Vafl C. b a~ir~ -*A. %1WpvA. .WJC1 f

i.- .dtmp- .1 .. Wrwt .0410i~IAN itl. b-st A ve .s 414 Ila 4I wy Mc3974A

1%0 N60~1& 51,1& t1isdfl 'AA -Ar tf- It'*C SOS I.. Maqi cmuThd 441"t IA llytmiC U

I. &ite . * it 16wt ei~*4 tgt 0"kh '-A J.G" ., Julor 107-9 lc Topv staroe h '.e ibiwd IL" Asn"] W. Utaigi c A*

th p ie allakb40 leiL t4 *. 4 5AI. f.t aa.bstg70Ssm 4 AA CA aarl

Eau DAItat: 21- , ib Ai. Ipd CAA* Atinl 3aI, c

fb. rattee.4 ..~ . W_110- f qn I 6b l lseIIWw AA -t C FM-637MiicOra ati- A#5. ap cow Arent dwZ.weCA no. 413 vte~ Nlmunfoat GC %

raw ct*., f .1; tAinat~ge £ ~aIa-t~a -1 10casla ii%. t W.0Cos c'"te.~ a 091A mAaSI Mateaf C US

-d .*m a " I _. w MAtqa 1111to* ITft &%dorm cs me.

by M"3. 115SB.*~, ~ tt .C Me

Mou owiquec'T -1 MAAi . i ,W..I ,p.Iiam

aiwd .- Comtsomitin (p5 iwlise * 009000me 1. aa#1 Iaprltl6Or iU~te~cKaind etW-a.I".per Isehir 9-rdie..it M 1**s~Ij~S1

Table I (costikmaed)

SI wuisi n il ft. Isa 4 PV tim"ceerI$U . C.6

twal.aio. Searto lImgbs ArA'.T & room= "Maba C.6 3

ft. pwromt ON NbT.r a Immae ,gvi abel to dL'tr9bu.6to *401tos.g wbwd* obt Lint Ow sa~ .4 ft. ItscoS yV.w. TAN 4 ftlg ANDOI IV .041I C.0 o

TW p.1an.t of &$W tatjl"4d" l ldKee pWQ~vo tbAIS 6obttgaftdl the Ow look tl (9t ft" *1 tkg fl*.*l v~e. ?Smm & MID Amliv WPA*M .5 4

WOe OMint of ff&1C9fit lamo *20"O 04 Cb.5 O *AcaaILiI istrects &PINSM hum"IS pnei C.3 ft

VWA"1 of .9 m6la..ie IW~ft b7 t4m.l4WAM d..tR* t1WLw% tuw Aah of tOw fidrol vedo. TVARUS Ck 100110 r~omlly Aust C.0 TOO

pocm 1 prw O& er W fewi4 0111-uAyt 080160 froto k - A89 & -. NS' qmasswep mam CS t

po""m 44 OuB*. comstea"Sp (Si6SWt v~apwws so mAkmIdwsoof ~ai, propeetv (op tafgtes ewwz.M & P.160Th qwwftrqq ~ s C.0 Ye.

pow"Ont at o~ccyc .8 two? bommn TAiW & PMMWA Smnjk.Winm ll* Apsai C.S Tom

Appenda. A through F includw the following detailed tefoution an

eack pw. foramca spanuru: a full desacript~ion of the meure, supporting

data eLawnts, data sources. carreoit reporting r-.asttas the reco"meded

collection frequency L.o support the evaluation. ad stqgrste4 anialytical

procedures. Apoesdis F contains a discussicon of data collection Including

&amole aurvays and their tochniques and limitations. Appendix G provide,

discusstons ad *&Pnmples of wslycical toctuiiquat to be wsed to support

of Mhe pLaw.

Wil.* most of the recineaded measureo are qumtttwv in naturo,

the plan does not citeqi: to aggrwijate the various kinds of iIorestion

tato a single score oZ affectiveass. This is not practical due to the

.miitude anf breadth of the activi-les covered. Plo'eowwr, It is not

ctmptible with the use of the evalustlon p~iui as a mamo for eitortng

ongoing oporaticr'

About 6b percent of the essentiaL masisree nre baswd on the rporting

of 4a", on An annua basis. Two relat~pd to Recorve Compowmccv support

are one-tim mazurei unless ~itee inirial resuilts indicate the need fa~r

follow-an cvalvAticais. Except far these two, data collection should

e.'wOVV at leas tr vr VArs. it. IR PCW~k) I thklt the Pi rector of RMnA&agcWUt

O.ffitv. of tht Chlet of Staff. United ';ates Aruv, will choose to useReer~l of the iiAcators as a peruwnent "an of tracking operations tric-ct3r to ideatilf' %jportumitits for isvinemnts.

~.~2year 1971 data shoula be uzsed for the first Iteration of the

4Lltsilaix pion wiith r , dnt~a collectioni before ...duary 1975. This sczhedule

is 4urzvc&aly c:-T.vrt-1ble wsith tOw tins for "nasure established in ezn inde-

pendent stutl, ponvored by the lizdt.3trial College of tne Arwd Forces,

The schedule also allows amiJe tivL. for final Pelection of awsures, deimi-

racion of peracotnwi to conduct the evaluation, and finalization of inte-

grated procedures base4 on using this plan and other mans for the full

assessment of efcctivene-t-s.

2 LTC Newrell Vinson. USA, A DlpijhStudy. An"ess 101 Arw Rearamaisa-tion - COMUS_-73, ICAF, 10 JVime 1974.__

'3

~rn

Lewis of Effort

Pot purpolkes tf thts eval~utiva pla, lewl* of effort Orot defi)aed

at foilawsM

e Ninirmm- less than 2 tachtco.l out-michs (MR).

o Nakrate - 2 to 6 TVA.

e Substantial - oaer 6 TMi.

Approximtely 76 por nt of the reconewded essential petfor mce

umiures are eatimated to requite mnimm levls of effort. This is pos-

sible because of the ready avellabtli;y of the supporting data eloumts.

Unly 7 masures are estiuzt*d to rqete sulstmatial efforto. In each

cae Me importance of the mavsure As vied to justify the resoure *u--

punditutv required.

P re-3Ioi %at Lou~ F'Ariams

The evaluation lIa sxnory inclues An Indication of the watidlty

of each of the perfom& mswasur-- for asking co riiioos with eem~or-

£miation perormance. As indted iaarlt7e, past perforurac under the

formar orga izational fraawrkt is not th proper bmaline for an evelua-

tio that is primairilv cancerned with -4ectives nw a d in the future.

On :%i other hand. if coarlsons vith the post are desired, the pasi-

bility exisra fo- wwwral areas as indicatee in !abie .

USMS Of T E EVALU4TIO PLAN

This assessment plan ws specifi cally designed to have sewersl us s.

Thee includ.:

o To provide a sabstantivro inalication of the effectiveneds of the

Arw in its rei',cWild form.

o To provide HQ VA ad various Arm. leels with key indicators of

the on-golng effectIvwness of the Army Ir perforing its missions and

fiacLiaas.

* To serve a foamsuton lor taking correcttv actions in response

to deficlenci.. in Auy perforamce or chmails in th. Army's ope-attonali ae~xixou ma .

t 14.

Dtai led comokw~dIatnicy reviavq rk a task-4v'-.ask baufs during the

phaseud devs.Itpmwnt tot tJkte valsation pian helIped tto Insure th~e planf'il

u.ti 1i zy. Onring thrtv re~views partivu1ar euaIuils was placed on tile:

*Comprehenivensis of cveragi- including organiisticmal rhanp.r',

re-sulting interatiims, and r's for meauurvwnrt verxus ccomand/aX.uncy

niecAions.

e Valldiy~seasurabficiy relability. and coupreherns I nesr of

the Awsoctited performcwt maurs.

The utility of chc evaluation plan to measure the accomplishuwnt of the

Rearganizacto go&&ls is deamstrated in Appendix 1. Cliinq~ informally col-

liected Utaa to tesk splea-ted perforwtnce mrasures, a prelimnary assess-

ment Is developed. The-4c datAa re supplemented by Informatiomn gatined by

the etudv coa through linterviea.~ briefings, and discushslm -luring its

contacts with owei M) reptvsentatives, of the! comands and agencieb

involved.

L~ITS OF THE PLANJ

Although highly verneic in its unc. there are also limitations to

this plan. Principal among Oh.±e arc:

o rhe several rxternal variables that can affect the performoonce co

each co~nd and agency. The organizations whoie perforaance to to be

e',alusted can not, ior example, control chanigeg in Qosgreasional or DOD

policies and resource decisions. Detailed lirits of such variables as they

affect each of the cominds andi agencies are found in Annexes A.2, B.2,

C.2, V.2, and E.2.

a The Darrow scrope of the p'an. focusing on only ive of the commode

and a1Sence,% affected by the Reorganizatilmi of 1973. This hab mreau: that

the plan cout.d not addyes fully thk crucial isstws of the Interactions and

interrelatioinships between the affected corganimations and other~ coulkwds,

&Wnacies, and offices. For example, both readiness and tran1.ng ere sub-

ject to awiy factors determined at H4Q DA and AWL. laauts stich as personnel

policy forwuiation and copzrattun noi the wholesale sup~ply systems were not

Included. Inevitably. the scope ,.f the plan neglects some key aspects of

Army Operstitoo~n.

o The cisiciiaenesi o-f t.,plan. providing key perfasrco wures

rather than a &eAcripLion o1 tae total systats. Concioaness is a major

virtu* of the evaluatien plan in that it porwit Army ummaerv to ptnpoit

trnd in *rwav of major cawcorn without a 1arV e*xpendituare of tima and

reourc'S. ilt cancleeneaa has Its ltaltations. prfacipaily, this as=&

that the infonsatioc providad by the plan will not always contain final

anwers. The information frequently must be Interpreted within the ronteut

of current U'Aaand and situatioyns affecting the ability of the vartiAM%

cemands and a&enc iez to ma.ge as destred. WJhile. the performance wasroa

reflect the most iqportaut and sipif Lcant aspects of orgaizotional per-

formace (within the ttmd.tA noted here), they do not alwas. protride de-

finitive Indicatiuwbs of the effectivpanems of perforuiance. Rather they

point to areas vhere furt~ier investigawtice mey be required. where modift-

castions in operating procedure. any be considereu, and where future, more

dietailed. evaluation efforts say be directed.

POTENTIAL EXENSUIMS 0? THE PLAN

Any decision to actively auaess performce Involves a resource a.i 4o-

cationi decision along with~ a decivilon regarding the necesulty of tht ts-

sessinnt info~rmation involved. Therefore, the decision ->i whether or not

B to emitend Ehis pian to inciudr addtiussal At-my =uiizm rd/i

oust be a& by weighing the potential value of inforatiow- to be obtained

fytm assesaot. activities against the resourcts required to implemenz

tIhos-t activities. The p~oposed/presont perfoimbace measures are all vie d

s having high utilitv. Close attentiont was paid to the resource require-

seats of the wotasures, r1E-suting In at evalux~ixil plan viirfflg existinig

reporting systems wherever possible. If the intended benerits of improved

movagemeut capability are reali ed and estensiva of this evalu-tion plan

is Oesired, Army anagers will want t.) consider tvto othes are&*:

* The measurement and astsesstct of the performance of Krvy entities

not presently included in the assesort plan.

* The developmenc of addittooal performance measures to auqppltent

the proposed performance -navres. pearticularly In the areas of individual

training, ckabat ad force developments, and wait tra~nIng.

16

SU1'flIARY

Durion visits it) the cos*raods and agvnvik-p involvod In this evaluation

plan, It was obvioun that they were' dkep]y corncented a d halrd at work in

&,tvrloping meaw to masure their rmT effectiveness. This proposed eval-

tiatiot plIn wilt be a valuale aid to them in additice to providing the

J'any Staff with its own ort ot swasures for a valid, ecanomc "soessutnt

'f the effectivenes" 4f the, major portion of the (X)NIJS Reorgaietztion 193,

17

CITED RD-ERWCES

1. Coptroller Ceneral of .te Pnited States, The AMsy R2M gmLait1to forthe 1970's: an Assesumzt of the P1mnl, DOD B-172707, US CovermiutPri ting Office, Washington, D.C., August 13, 1973.

2. Newell Vinson, LTC USA, A Delphi Study: Assessing R Ieoramisntio -

ONUS - __3 IAF, WashingLon, D.C., 10 Jume 1974.

3. Dept of Army, Lo2Latics Perforame Naures, DA Ircular 700-25,23 April 1974.

ADDI TIONAL R.FERIR"aS

Departmwt of Defense

Iilitzay History, Washingtoo, D.C., 1964.

Dept of Army, The Advace lang Promess CCUS ieormIttiou 1973,10 July 1073.

,Aw CombaC Developments, AR 71-1, Septemer 1968.

rA Force Development, draft AR 71-1, October 1973.

___ ArW My aMnt Doctrine, AR 1-24, November 195"

The Army ,Haimaept Structure, AR 37-100-75, Noeber 1973.

at! __ W Plani.ng System, AR 1-1, Mizch 1972.

uept of Dfense, "Army Rorganixati.;m Istie," ComindS.. Diamt, Vol13, Nu 12, 25 Janjary 1973.

Dept of Army, Azst Chief of Staff for Force De lo wat, A Conuv_Plan for rhe Ar Test and Evaluation hgggca 5 da", 1972.

18

, ...._, A CPmvt Plan for the Cuncept Analysis Aemocv, 5 May 1972.* _____, Detailed Plma for the Co_. Analysis MAncj, 20 Juy

1972.

, ___, hDtaLd Plan US ArM Test and Evaluatin v Sc, 20Juy 1972.

, _ , t~orce UewIpw-,t Process Over w , 29 Bo3embr 1972.

, Cief of Staff b radum 72-10-77, subject: "Initial PlanningGuidace in Support of the Concept of Reorgamization," 7 April 1972.

C'M I last.latim OtmAsatIon. A 10-10, Nay 1970.

_._, Doctrine md Philnpby for Maeemt of Class I lwatalJlatms,Ail 5-3, pay 1970.

_ , Functional Study of Installation -sm 1, April 1972 (MyronStudy).

____ Internal flfangMt Procedure CAA Memo !-1, 15 Aug 1974.

List of Approwd r'tcuror i1orts, AR 335-li, June 1972.

, MUgm t Inforttmon System: Policies. Objectives Pro-cedures aid-eepmibililis, Aa 18-1, Amust 1971.

. The NmgEmEnt Process for Devel~net of Army System, AR 11-25,

, meaet System f,-- Tables of Ortinuzatlon and .gipjmn!,

AR 310-31, May 1970.

* Materiel (biectives and Mnsuiremots, draft AR 71-X, n.d.

, Office of Assistnt Chief of Staff for Force Devlop mnt,W"L-ter of Inatructi os (WI) for Implemeting the ft. Materiel AA-quisimion Guadeltnes," 23 August 1972.

, Office of the Chief of Staff, letter DACS-MR, bubject: "Guidancefor Reorganization Detailed Planning," 15 Jum 1972.

, Office of the Surgeon Ceneral, Detailed IMslee tation Planfor ANM Reorsanization in CMUWS, S Jwue 1973 rsevisions.

_, izatun and Functtons, CAA hw 10-1, Auust 1973.

... reiaton and 7nction US Ao Cbat Do pu Comimnd,A& 10-12, June 1968.

-. izatiox ad Functions: US AM Concepts AnElysis Amencu,AR 10-38, Jul) 1973.

19

OrEMAjatica and nctioms: US An Forcs ComA, A 10-42,

June 1973.

r_ g ization and Fanctioas. UV kwj Health Services CGmMIN d,Al 10-43, June 1973.

-, On2Mzatiwc and Functions: U.S. ArM Operational Testamd Evaluation tieny, AR 10-4, January 1974.

-, 5-A-zation amd Fu.ctione: US Ai Tra ad Dctrim

Gg i Al 10-41, June 1973.

*, Or-_izatio and Fmactioms US Cati-iutal Aw CiMnnd.

ii 10-7, January 1968.

-,, Project Nmangr for Reorganization, "CODMS Ieorganization 1973,"

2 October 1972.

_ , Report of the board for IbMysmc Trainin (Gomm R-Prt,

December 1971.

Role of th. latallation Commuder in the MmaMunt of hIasion

Resources, 8 December 1972 (Latham Study).

, Secretary of the Army memrandum, "Charter of the Project

Mana er for Reorganization," 24 April 1972.

Secretary of the Army ?emrandua for the Secretary & Defense,subject: "Reorganization," 28 February 1972.

____, Special Review Panel on Deparment of Arm O graizatigL (ParkerPael), Harch 1971.

US ArWr Concepts Analysis Agency, Impleuntation Plan, February1973.

-W US Army Forces Commnd, Orianzation mad Functions, Beg 10-5,

August 1973.

_--, US Army Forces Casmand and US Army Training and Doctrine Command,Ar, eadiness PAgions Concept of perations, FOCON/TRADOC eg 10-,1 July 1973.

_-9 US Army Health Services Cornrd, Ambulatory Patiet Care, SC

r eg 40-5. May 1973.

__ ,_. , Oranmization and Functions, IHeadequrters United StatesArmy Hea th Services Commad, USC Beg 10-1, May 1973.

20

or ~itzation and Function Polliy for *IAU Activities sad188adatlasSubordinate to, USANMC USC ftg 4-4. AprtL 1973.

US3 Army Training ad Doctrine Cauad, TRADO Pot ,Ioo V- 74-75AM-i&TSNMUtrtr EMs (Sauluanual Update). 31 October

1973.

* _,Combat UDvwLajLnt2 Proaram bibURgfwb (2 Vl),TUADOC ?m ??-2, September 1971.

L ,*Combat Dern.ouees Ruwaffret Iftforuntion Ivse (COMS).TRADOC 1Z71-1, April 19.

* , TRADOC Standard Scenarios, TRADOC ReX 71-4. October 1973

draft TRAOC No&. unadated (1974).

* _TRkAQOC tochools Curriculum. Adeftnstratlonm wd TraluingPoles, TEADGC Re& 351-3. July 1973.

,, TRADO Schools Data Books (draft), June 1974.

* , Beflatuarters. Unilted States Army Traftl!!!& ad Doctrine

Cqind. TRADOC Bmg 10-5, October 1973.

-, , AQO Manarmaent. Indicators, :.RA1KY, No Il-I, n.d.

, __,Stat- ef nberatrinws fsourcee (SOft) TRADOC Reg 11-4,kagwmt 1973.

List of Approved Recurrin g orts, TRADOC Suqpil 1 toAlt 335-li, October 1973.

-, -, aemt Imrovment PM&Lrin, TRADOC Reg 5-1, July1973.

-. -,ControI of Moauon Assianmut and Orgaumiation StructuriallpTRADOC Riag 10-1. July 1973.

* ,TRAiDC Three Year PKroajw (TrYP), Letter, 10 October 1173.j

-, -,TIADOC Plevie ad Analysis PKrogam TRAM(C It, - 11-6.September 1973.

TRADO Command Perfornwce Lm M TRADOC Pin H32011-21, 11-22, December 1973, February 1974, fty 1974.

* , TRADOC Force Structure MON mnmt, draft TRADOC Beg,Octacr 19 73.

21

____ US ContinenZal Army CoamMd-. Inj~at o DCSWG STEAL)AST

aCOm Cir 700-1, arch 1973.

Operatiou STEADFAST Outline Plan, 5 May 1972.

.Oeration STLADFAST Phased I lamentation Plan, 30Novube r 1972.

Operation STEADFAST Revised Detailed Plm, 5 June 1973.

L. W. doelacher, Stud ofi he Functions, gargaizat' t d Proceduresof the Departumnt of the Army, OS9 Project 80 (Arm Dept of Ary,Washington, D.C., October 196.

Other

Americsn Institutes for Research, Evaluative Research: Strategies midNethods, Author, Pittsburgh, 197).

Robert N. Anthony, PlamtnA and Control Systems: A Fim ork forAnaysis. Division --f Research, Gr~duate School of Business Adminis-tration, Harvard University, Boston, 1965.

Army Logisticisa. "Quality Assurance for Defense," 5(6):13-16 (No%-Dec 7).

Jon H. Barrett. Individual Goals and Orimaizational Objcivwes, Centerfor Research on Utilization of Scientific Knoledge, Institute forSocial Research, The University of Michigan, AM Arbor, 1970.

Francis G. Caero, Lwadlng n Evaluation Research, Connecticut PrintersInc., Hartford, Connecticut, 1971.

Comittee for Economic Development, I _loigA Federal Proarm Per-formanc. Commttee for Economic Develepuent, New York, J.Y., 1971

W. W. Cooper, et at, New Persoectiwts In OrganzatIAO t wearch. JohnWiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1%64.

Ernest Dale, Orgmiization, American Managemnt Association, New York,4. Y. , 196 7.

William E. DePuy, "TRADOC: A New Consmad for a Ole Mission," A ,23(10):31-34 (Oct 73).

William H. Evan, ed, Org izational EIeriinrnts: Labo.ratory .d FleldResearch, Harper and Raw, New York, N.Y., 1971.

Gilbert W. Fitzhugh, et al, feort to the President and the Se-...._Erof the Defense on the Defense Department (by the Blme Ribbon DefensePanel), US Govt Printing Office7 Washington, D.C., 1970.

22

Jaisingh, Ghorpd oe, ed., Asesemint of 2yji zatimal EffectllO es,Goodyear Publishtsg Co.. Pacific Palisades- Calif. , 1971.

Kt. A. Jobnsoa, F. R.. Kast, and J. E. Roseanveig, The Theory and Hasat-

mit of , cGraw-ill, New York, 1161.

D. Fatzx and It. L. Kahn, The Social Psychololy of 2OEsmIations, JohnIvixtv and Sons, rTv York. 1966.

Vincent J. Klaup, "'Epaoding the Scape of ?erforicje rvatuania,"

Air University, 211(b):36-41 (Sept-Oct 70).

Marry LAvIasos, OftamizaLional DiaMosit, Harvard University Pre",Coibridge, 3os., 1972.

Jmws C. March, ed., Handbook of Orlwizatimis, Rand McNally andCompany, Chicago, 1%5.

Jabe .. "gurer, ed., IsM MAdJ-2mia"149mn III.eri k "2 Random Rouwe, New York, 1971.

George S. Ofdorne, mnt Decisioas by Objective, Pmatice-atll,, Inc., Englwood Cliffs, P.J., 1%9.

Joseph A. 01mtead, Factors in 2rEMtizatioual [flct!e, ProfessionalPaper 1-72. 2 es ources Researeb Orlgnizat. on, Alexandria, vs.,

January 1972.

Jims L. Price, szatlidma Iffectiemms: A Ioisto of Prawo-

learard W. Rogers, "People the Key In the New Army," Arm, 23(10):22-26(Oct 73).

Edward A. Suchne, Evaluative Research, Russell Sage Foundation,oh ork. 19%7.Jeos D. Thmipsor, 2%mzattios in Actice, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1%7.

US Gtheral Accounting Off ic, Iurovina Nunmuement for 1M" EffectiveGowvuint, US Govt Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 197.

Victor B. Vroom, ed., Netbods of Orgational research VMverstlyK of Fitt*)urX Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1967.

Carol B. Weiss, Evaluation Research, Pentice--ahll, Inc., rug1ooodCliffi, N.J., 1972.

Joseph S. Wholey, et al, Federal Evaluation Polel,, The Jban Tastitute,3 Washington, D.C., 1970.

E. Yuchtsmn, A Study of Oramizational Zffectivsmess, Untiversity Mlcro-film, Am Arbor, Wichibm, 1970.

23

A25REVIATIONS AND AC800M

ALO authorized level oi orgautzation

VWDD Army Nedtcai Departn nt

AM Army mdILcal laboratory

ANM Army managmsent structure

ARCO Army Reserve Comnd

AR Arm readineas region

ARMh? Army raining and evaluation program

ASAIC Army System Acquisition Review Council

AT amusl training

AT? Army traininlk test

CAA Concepts Analysis Agency

CAA-FR Ccopcs Analysis Ageey-froomei Utiltzaion ReportCACDA Comine Annm Ca_-mt Developumts Activity

CDC Combat Developments Coummmd

CDEC Cwd~t Developmnts Expertstation Coami-

CllNlS Combat Developments Hnageostnt laformaticm Syrstem

C-E Commnications-ElectronAcs

CRPUS Civilian Health and Medical Progrwr of the thnifoxued Servicet.

(%wSA Continental United States Army

COPO Chief, Office of Personnel Operationa

KANUL Department of the Army Master i'riority List

DCSCD Deputy Chief of Staff for Combat Developmnts

DCSC(SEPT Deputy Chief of Staff Comptroller

DCSOPS Deputy Chief of Staff Operations

DCSPIR Deputy Chief of Staff Personnel

DCS M Deputy Chief of Sta-f Resource Management

24

DCSOTC Deputy Chief of Staff for ROTC

DCSTS Deputy Chief of Staff Training and Schools

IIRDA Director of Medical Activities

DSAIC Defense Systems Acquisition Review Cotacil

FWM force development testing and evaluattonVLD OF AMY field %peratin& agency

L FORSCON Forces Command

Firp Five Year Test Pregram

GOCOM general officer commad

RISC Health Services Command

- IDT inactive duty training

'.I P I in process review

LOGC Logistics Center

MACON major Army command

MASSTF. Modern Army Selected Systems Test, Evaluation mad Revime

r MCCU medical care composite unitMEDCl medical center

MAC medical department activity

Mti3W3~?I -i4~v ~ e!; renter

MPA Military Personnel, ArmyL ,NET new equipment training

NORM not operationally ready maintenance

NOS not operationally ready supply

OJT on--the-job training

I MOS Operation and Maintenance Army

On" Operation and a;.cenance Army Reserve

I OAIG Operation and fatntenance Army National Guard

ORTT operaotonal readineas training testf OR opera tional ly ready

(OST One-station training

OT operational resting

OTEA Operational Test and Evaluation %gWtcy

PAC"A Personnel and Adminis-ration Combat Developments ActivIty

I hEIAUM readinwa& coudition

li IC Reserve Components

2I5

Rregional denLal activity

S Re-arch, Duvelopwer , Teet and avalustion

RE-63 Rgserve Enlisrnat Program of 1963

ft readiness group

OC required operatioal -. pability

SCORES Scenario Orlimted kecurr In, Evaluation System

STAG United States Army Stratogy and Tactics Analysis Group

STADFAST Study effort leading to the weorgmaization of MNSARC,COWSA, CDC, and USAIREC and the establishment of

FORSCOM and TRADOC

STY SF7 staff support

TANA Training Aids sniagement Agmecy

TASO Training Aids Service Office

TECON Test and Evaluation Comand

THM technical man month

TRADOC Training and Inctriae Commaud

USACC United States Army Comun!cations Commnd

USAREC United States Army Recruiting Comamad

26