Lifespan DevelopmentAlzheimers DiseaseNina Deese

Announcement

Psychology Club is visiting HOPE LODGE tonight

-Meet in front of Addlestone Library at 6:00pm-We will be playing bingo with the residents

Agenda:

What is Dementia? What is Alzheimers Disease?Statistics for the U.S.Stages of ADThe Brain and AlzheimersCausesRisk/Protective FactorsOther forms of dementia How are they different from Alzheimers?

The pathological loss of brain function is known as dementialiterally out of mind, referring to severely impaired judgment

dementiairreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease becomes more common with age, but it is abnormal and pathological even in the very old

Development of Dementia

Alzheimers DiseaseFirst described by German psychiatrist

-Alois Alzheimer (1906)Generally diagnosed in people over 65 years of age

-Early-onset (before 65); only 5-10% of patients-Several genetic causes4.5+ million Americans suffer from it

-5% of 65-74 years of age-Nearly 50% of 85+1 in 6 women over 55; 1 in 10 men over 55

Alzheimers Disease: is the most common form of dementia in which structural and chemical brain deterioration is associated with gradual loss of many aspects of thoughts and behaviors. *

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Wv9jrk-gXc

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/alzheimers-stages/AZ00041

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/alzheimers-stages/AZ00041

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/alzheimers-stages/AZ00041http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_4719.asp

The Brain and Alzheimers DiseaseTwo major structural changes:

Neurofibrillary tanglesBundles of twisted threads that are the product of collapsed neural structures (contain abnormal forms of tau protein

2. Amyloid plaquesDense deposits of deteriorated amyloid protein, surrounded by clumps of dead nerve and glial cells

tangleplaques

http://www.alz.org/brain/14.asp

*

http://www.ahaf.org/alzheimers/about/understanding/brain-with-alzheimers.html

These images represent a cross-section of the brain as seen from the front. The cross-section on the left represents a normal brain and the one on the right represents a brain with Alzheimer's disease.In Alzheimer's disease, there is an overall shrinkage of brain tissue. The grooves or furrows in the brain, called sulci (plural of sulcus), are noticeably widened and there is shrinkage of the gyri (plural of gyrus), the well-developed folds of the brain's outer layer. In addition, the ventricles, or chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid, are noticeably enlarged. In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, short-term memory begins to fade (see box labeled memory') when the cells in the hippocampus, which is part of the limbic system, degenerate. The ability to perform routine tasks also declines. As Alzheimer's disease spreads through the cerebral cortex (the outer layer of the brain), judgment declines, emotional outbursts may occur and language is impaired. As the disease progresses, more nerve cells die, leading to changes in behavior, such as wandering and agitation. In the final stages of the disease, people may lose the ability to recognize faces and communicate; they normally cannot control bodily functions and require constant care. On average, the disease lasts for 8 to 10 years, but individuals with Alzheimers can live for up to 20 years.*

Apple Pen

Tie

House

Car

Several competing hypotheses:

Cholinergic hypothesis-Caused by reduced synthesis of acetylcholine-Destruction of these neurons causes disruptions in distant neuronal networks (perception, memory, judgment)Amyloid hypothesis-Abnormal breakdown; buildup of amyloid beta deposits -Damaged amyloid proteins build to toxic levels, causing call damage and deathTau hypothesis-Caused by tau protein abnormalities-Formation of neurofibrillary tangles

ObesityHigh blood pressureHead traumaHigh cholesterolBeing American!Higher rates in Japanese-Americans than JapaneseAfrican-Americans than AfricansDepressionLower rates in highly educatedBeneficial consequences of learning and memory

Education

The ability of the brain to change suggests to some that staying mentally active as you age may help to maintain healthy brain synapses. A 2002 study reported an association between frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities (such as reading, doing crossword puzzles, visiting museums) and a reduced risk for Alzheimer's.Exercise

Lowers risk of high blood pressure and other risk factors associated with AlzheimersAlcohol Consumption

Men who consume one to three drinks of alcohol per day cut their risk of developing the disease by nearly half. Among women, however, the risk was reduced by only 4%. The type of alcohol had no effect on the results. But further study is needed. In the meantime, experts do not recommend drinking alcohol to fend off Alzheimer's disease.Source: Harvard Health Publication

Subcortical DementiasForms of dementia that begin with impairments in motor ability and produce cognitive impairment in later stagesParkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease, and Multiple Sclerosis are subcortical dementiasReversible Dementiadementia caused by medication, inadequate nutrition, alcohol abuse (Korsakoffs Syndrome), depression, or other mental illness can sometimes be reversed

Apple was on the list.

Home was on the list.

Which of these were not on the list?BananaPenCarHouseTie

TRUEFALSE

Whats NormalWhats NotForgetting your ATM number or where you parked.Forgetting what an ATM card is or what kind of car you own.

Forgetting what you were about to sayForgetting how to do an everyday task, like writing a check.

Forgetting which day of the week you had a dental appointmentGetting lost in your own neighborhood.

Misplacing of losing your keys or phonePutting the ice tray in the oven instead of the freezer

Forgetting the name of the person who sits in front of you in classForgetting who your family members are

Thank you!HAVE A HAPPY THANKSGIVING BREAK!

Alzheimers Disease: is the most common form of dementia in which structural and chemical brain deterioration is associated with gradual loss of many aspects of thoughts and behaviors. *

*These images represent a cross-section of the brain as seen from the front. The cross-section on the left represents a normal brain and the one on the right represents a brain with Alzheimer's disease.In Alzheimer's disease, there is an overall shrinkage of brain tissue. The grooves or furrows in the brain, called sulci (plural of sulcus), are noticeably widened and there is shrinkage of the gyri (plural of gyrus), the well-developed folds of the brain's outer layer. In addition, the ventricles, or chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid, are noticeably enlarged. In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, short-term memory begins to fade (see box labeled memory') when the cells in the hippocampus, which is part of the limbic system, degenerate. The ability to perform routine tasks also declines. As Alzheimer's disease spreads through the cerebral cortex (the outer layer of the brain), judgment declines, emotional outbursts may occur and language is impaired. As the disease progresses, more nerve cells die, leading to changes in behavior, such as wandering and agitation. In the final stages of the disease, people may lose the ability to recognize faces and communicate; they normally cannot control bodily functions and require constant care. On average, the disease lasts for 8 to 10 years, but individuals with Alzheimers can live for up to 20 years.*