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APPENDIX C

SAFOP REVIEW OF DIFFERENT PIPE DISPOSAL OPTIONS



Appendix C: SAFOP Review of different Pipe Disposal Options Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

C1. INTRODUCTION 1 C2. SAFOP SHEET LEAVE IN PLACE 3 C3. SAFOP SHEETS BURY/TRENCHING 5 C4. SAFOP SHEETS REVERSE LAY RECOVERY 8 C5. SAFOP SHEETS REVERSE REEL BARGE RECOVERY 14 C6. SAFOP SHEETS LONG SECTION BARGE RECOVERY 19 C7. SAFOP SHEETS TOW RECOVERY 24 C8. SAFOP SHEETS SHORT SECTION RECOVERY 29 C9. SAFOP SHEETS J-LIFT RECOVERY 34



Appendix C: SAFOP Review of different Pipe Disposal Options Page 1

C1. INTRODUCTION

The SAFOP was performed on February 18. Tor Egil Nielsen from Scandpower facilitatedthe study with Don Eckert and Glen Duhon from Global Solutions participating as expertson pipeline removal operations.

The review focused on personnel risk. However, a check list usually applied for marineoperations, which also covered operational aspects and potential equipment damages,was used for the review. This was done to reveal operational problems, which could leadto situations with increased risk for personnel. The list is presented below. The last five

guidewords, those which identify potential harm to personnel, are the ones included in theSAFOP sheets. In addition to the risks dealing with energy release and exposure to toxicsubstances, diving is an activity that contributes to personnel risk.

Operational review check list

PREOP.CHECKS : Necessary equipment, tugs not available on scheduleNecessary equipment checking/testing not performed

WEATHER : Unclear weather restrictions or unexpecteddeterioration of weather (abortion of operation).Weather forecasting, low temperatures

CURRENT : Problems related to strong, unexpected currents

POSITION : Object, grillage, tugs or vessel not in correct position

POWER : No power or insufficient power (tugs, electrical,hydraulic, air)

EQUIPMENT : Malfunction or lack of equipmentINSTRUMENTS : Malfunction or lack of instruments

RESPONSIBILITY : Undefined/unclear responsibilities (tugs, vessel, port)

COMMUNICATION : Malfunction or lack of communication equipment.Communication lines, noise, shift changes

EXECUTION : A work task is executed in a wrong way, timing, speed

PROCEDURES : Missing or unclear procedures

VISIBILITY : Can the operator(s) see sufficiently?

MOVEMENT : Objects, tugs or vessels move in an uncontrolled way

STABILITY : Unstable conditions

TOLERANCES : Tolerances for positioning, etc.

INTERFACES : Wrong contamination corrosion marine growth etc



Appendix C: SAFOP Review of different Pipe Disposal Options Page 2

IMPACT : Impact between objects, squeezing (personnel)

DROP : Drop of objects from a higher level

FALL : Fall of personnel to lower level

ENERGY RELEASE : Electric, pressure, heat, cold, radioactive

TOXIC RELEASE : Release of hazardous substances

For the SAFOP review, each method for pipeline disposal was split in different main

activities, see Appendix B. For each of these main activities, the check list above wasapplied. The results are given in the tables on the following pages. It was assumed thatall pipelines were flushed at the start of the operation.



Appendix C: SAFOP Review of different Pipe Disposal Options Page C-3

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C2. SAFOP SHEET LEAVE IN PLACE

SAFOP Leave in placeMain Step 1: Cut turn tube and rock dump pipe ends (if pipeline is buried).No. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Rock dumping vessel)No. of divers involved/share of time: : Min. 5 (1 in water at anytime)

Type Exposure Safety Concern, Cause and Safeguards

Divers Personnel at Recovery Barge Personnel at Tug(s) Personnel at Material Barge

Risk Safeguards Risk Safeguards Risk Safeguards Risk Safeguards

Impact In rough weather,divers can getimpacts whilegoing through thesplash zone.In rough water,excessive surgecan causeunexpectedmovements of equipment etc.lowered to the

diver, which can behit. Also, highcurrents can slamthe diver into thesubsea structures

Proper application of seastate limitationswill minimize therisk. Alsomonitoring of weather forecasts isimportant

Crane handling etc.poses a risk for swinging loads anddropped objects atthe barge when thetube turn(s) arelifted out of thewater and onto thebarge. This riskincreases in roughseas/high winds

Drop The turn tube cansnag on the jacketstructure whilebeing retrieved bythe barge crane.Can cause

unexpectedmovements or snapping of slingsor nylon straps.Lines or turn tubecan hit diver. Poor visibility willincrease the risk

Communicationbetween diver and barge/craneoperator iscritical for safehandling of the

equipmentsubsea. Also,procedures for location of diver relative toretrieved/deployedequipment isimportant

Fall





Energy release If the pipeline is intension, it canswing out and hitthe diver when it is

cut

The diver needsnot to be close tothe cutting deviceduring the cutting

and a procedureis in place tokeep the diver out of thepotentiallydangerous area

Toxic release





C3. SAFOP SHEETS BURY/TRENCHING

SAFOP Bury/TrenchingMain Step 1: Cut tube turn.No. of vessels in operation: 1 (Tug)No. of divers involved/share of time: Min. 5 (1 in water at anytime)




Impact In rough weather,divers can getimpacts whilegoing through thesplash zone.In rough water,excessive surgecan causeunexpectedmovements of equipment etc.lowered to the

diver, which can behit. Also, highcurrents can slamthe diver into thesubsea structures



Drop The turn tube cansnag on the jacketstructure whilebeing retrieved bythe barge crane.Can cause

unexpectedmovements or snapping of slingsor nylon straps.Lines or turn tubecan hit diver. Poor visibility willincrease the risk

Communicationbetween diver and barge/craneoperator iscritical for safehandling of the

equipmentsubsea. Also,procedures for location of diver relative toretrieved/deployedequipment isimportant

Fall





Energy release If the pipeline is intension, it canswing out and hitthe diver when it is

cut

The diver needsnot to be close tothe cutting deviceduring the cutting

and a procedureis in place tokeep the diver out of thepotentiallydangerous area

Toxic release





SAFOP Bury/TrenchingMain Step 1: Bury pipeline.No. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + rock dumping vessel)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0




Impact

Drop

Fall

Energy release

Toxic release





C4. SAFOP SHEETS REVERSE LAY RECOVERY

SAFOP Reverse Lay RecoveryMain Step 1: Set up of bargeNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0




Impact In heavy seas,excessivemovement of thebarge can causeequipment to moveor topple, alsoequipment candrop

Poor communicationbetween tug andbarge can causeimpacts betweenvessels, fall of personnel, andpotentiallysnapping of lines or wires, which caninjure personnel

Proper proceduresfor sea-fastening/securingof equipment,proper attention toweather forecastand weather restrictions

Lack of communicationduring set-up is notseen as a major hazard with proper procedures etc. inplace, but goodcommunication isdeemed critical for a safe operation

Handling of anchors andanchor buoyscan causesqueezing andsnapped lines

Anchor and anchor buoy handling arestandard operationsperformed through thewhole removalprocedure and are notconsidered high riskoperations

Drop

Fall Personnel can fall

off barge,considered lowprobability

Personnel can

fall off tug,considered lowprobability

Energy release

Toxic release





SAFOP Reverse Lay RecoveryMain Step 2: Cut and Remove Tube Turn(s)No. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)

No. of divers involved/share of time: min. 5 off which 1 in water at anytime




Impact In rough weather,divers can getimpacts whilegoing through thesplash zone.In rough water,excessive surgecan causeunexpectedmovements of equipment etc.lowered to thediver, which can behit. Also, highcurrents can slam

the diver into thesubsea structures



Proper liftingprocedures,communication andapplication of weather/sea statelimitations willminimize this risk

Drop The turn tube cansnag on the jacketstructure whilebeing retrieved bythe barge crane.Can causeunexpectedmovements or snapping of slings

or nylon straps.Lines or turn tubecan hit diver. Poor visibility willincrease the risk

Communicationbetween diver and barge/craneoperator iscritical for safehandling of theequipmentsubsea. Also,procedures for

location of diver relative toretrieved/deployedequipment isimportant

Fall








Energy release If the pipeline is intension, it canswing out and hitthe diver when it iscut

The diver needsnot to be close tothe cutting deviceduring the cuttingand a procedureis in place tokeep the diver out of thepotentiallydangerous area

Toxic release





SAFOP Reverse Lay RecoveryMain Step 3: Recover Pipeline with a A&R WinchNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)

No. of divers involved/share of time: 1 (attaching A&R cable only)




Impact

Drop

Fall

Energy release Overloading of A&R cable for anyreason can cause itto snap. This cancause the cableend to swing out onthe barge deckhitting personnel.The cable can alsosnap without beingoverloaded

With the A&Rwinch pull capacityand the cablerating this isconsidered lowprobability. Also,the tension in thecable can bemonitoredcontinuously

Toxic release





SAFOP Reverse Lay RecoveryMain Step 4: Retrieval of Pipe

No. of vessels in operation: 3 (Tug+Barge+Material Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0




Impact Crane operationsfor handling of the

cut pipe sectionspose the samerisks as handling of the turn tube

As for handling of the turn tube

As for setting up,the tug will move

anchorscontinuously

Material handlingrisk as for

personnel at therecovery barge

Drop

Fall Personnel maymove betweenrecovery barge andmaterial barge, canfall into the water

Hand rails andsecuring lines willminimize this risk

Energy release Cutting of pipesections at thebarge can causeeye injuries, cuts

Safety glassesshall be used

Toxic release





SAFOP Reverse Lay RecoveryMain Step 5: Cutting and transport of pipeline onshore





Impact Struck by movingEquipment?

NORM release?

Chemicals?

Drop Drop of pipe due topoor integrity inpipe?

Fall

Energy release

Toxic release





C5. SAFOP SHEETS REVERSE REEL BARGE RECOVERY

SAFOP Reverse Reel Barge RecoveryMain Step 1: Set up of bargeNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0





Poor communicationbetween tug and

barge can causeimpacts betweenvessels, fall of personnel, andpotentiallysnapping of lines or wires, which caninjure personnel


Lack of communicationduring set-up is not

seen as a major hazard with proper procedures etc. inplace, but goodcommunication isdeemed critical for a safe operation



Drop

Fall Personnel can fall

off barge,considered lowprobability

Personnel can

fall off tug,considered lowprobability

Energy release

Toxic release





SAFOP Reverse Reel Barge RecoveryMain Step 2: Cut and Remove Tube Turn(s)No. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)





Impact In rough weather,divers can getimpacts whilegoing through the

splash zone.In rough water,excessive surgecan causeunexpectedmovements of equipment etc.lowered to thediver, which can behit. Also, highcurrents can slam

the diver into thesubsea structures

Proper application of seastate limitationswill minimize the

risk. Alsomonitoring of weather forecasts isimportant

Crane handling etc.poses a risk for swinging loads anddropped objects at

the barge when thetube turn(s) arelifted out of thewater and onto thebarge. This riskincreases in roughseas/high winds

Proper liftingprocedures,communication andapplication of

weather/sea statelimitations willminimize this risk

Drop The turn tube cansnag on the jacketstructure whilebeing retrieved bythe barge crane.Can causeunexpectedmovements or snapping of slingsor nylon straps.Lines or turn tubecan hit diver. Poor visibility willincrease the risk

Communicationbetween diver and barge/craneoperator iscritical for safehandling of theequipmentsubsea. Also,procedures for location of diver relative toretrieved/deployedequipment isimportant

Fall





SAFOP Reverse Reel Barge RecoveryMain Step 3: Recover Pipeline with a A&R WinchNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)





Impact

Drop

Fall



Toxic release





SAFOP Reverse Reel Barge RecoveryMain Step 4: Wound pipe onto reel and transport reel to shore





Impact Pipe might brakewhile wounded onreel

Inspection of pipeintegrity

Drop



Energy release

Toxic release





C6. SAFOP SHEETS LONG SECTION BARGE RECOVERY

SAFOP Long Section Barge RecoveryMain Step 1: Set up of bargeNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0












Drop

Fall Personnel can falloff barge,considered lowprobability

Personnel canfall off tug,considered lowprobability

Energy release

Toxic release





SAFOP Long Section Barge RecoveryMain Step 2: Cut and Remove Tube Turn(s)No. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)






splash zone.In rough water,excessive surgecan causeunexpectedmovements of equipment etc.lowered to thediver, which can behit. Also, highcurrents can slamthe diver into thesubsea structures







Drop The turn tube cansnag on the jacketstructure whilebeing retrieved bythe barge crane.Can causeunexpectedmovements or snapping of slingsor nylon straps.

Lines or turn tubecan hit diver. Poor visibility willincrease the risk

Communicationbetween diver and barge/craneoperator iscritical for safehandling of theequipmentsubsea. Also,procedures for location of diver

relative toretrieved/deployedequipment isimportant

Fall










Toxic release





SAFOP Long Section Barge RecoveryMain Step 3: Cut pipe subseaNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)

No. of divers involved/share of time: 5 (1in the water all time)




Impact

Drop

Fall

Energy release

Toxic release





SAFOP Long Section Barge RecoveryMain Step 4: Lift pipeline with crane, transport onshore

No. of vessels in operation: 3 (Tug+Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0




Impact Crane operationsfor handling of thecut pipe sectionspose the samerisks as handling of the turn tube

Lifting operationmight interfere withdiving operations.


Establishprocedures, andmake sure diver isout of the water during lift

As for setting up,the tug will moveanchorscontinuously

Material handlingrisk as for personnel at therecovery barge

Drop

Fall Personnel maymove betweenrecovery barge and

material barge, canfall into the water


Energy release

Toxic release





C7. SAFOP SHEETS TOW RECOVERY

SAFOP Tow RecoveryMain Step 1: Set up of bargeNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0





Poor communicationbetween tug andbarge can causeimpacts betweenvessels, fall of personnel, andpotentiallysnapping of lines or wires, which caninjure personnel


Lack of communicationduring set-up is notseen as a major hazard with proper procedures etc. inplace, but goodcommunication isdeemed critical for a safe operation



Drop



Energy release

Toxic release





SAFOP Tow RecoveryMain Step 2: Cut and Remove Tube Turn and pipe sections subseaNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)






splash zone.In rough water,excessive surgecan causeunexpectedmovements of equipment etc.lowered to thediver, which can behit. Also, highcurrents can slamthe diver into the

subsea structures











Fall





SAFOP Tow RecoveryMain Step 3: Attach flotation buoyancy to the pipeNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)

No. of divers involved/share of time: 5 (1 in water at anytime)




Impact

Drop

Fall

Energy release

Toxic release





SAFOP Tow RecoveryMain Step 4: Tow of pipe to shore

No. of vessels in operation: Multiple (Tugs)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0




Impact

Drop

Fall

Energy release

Toxic release

A di C SAFOP R i f diff t Pi Di l O ti P C 29





C8. SAFOP SHEETS SHORT SECTION RECOVERY

SAFOP Short Section RecoveryMain Step 1: Set up of bargeNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0












Drop

Fall Personnel can falloff barge,

considered lowprobability

Personnel canfall off tug,

considered lowprobability

Energy release

Toxic release

Appendix C: SAFOP Review of different Pipe Disposal Options Page C 30





SAFOP Short Section RecoveryMain Step 2: Cut and Remove Tube Turn and cut short sections subseaNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)

No. of divers involved/share of time: min. 5 (1 in water at anytime)






subsea structures











Fall











Toxic release






SAFOP Short Section RecoveryMain Step 3: Attach lifting slingsNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)

No. of divers involved/share of time: 1 (attaching lifting sling)




Impact

Drop

Fall

Energy release

Toxic release



pp p p p g


C9. SAFOP SHEETS J-LIFT RECOVERY

SAFOP J-Lift RecoveryMain Step 1: Set up of bargeNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)No. of divers involved/share of time: 0



Risk Safeguards Risk Safeguards Risk Safeguards Risk SafeguardsImpact In heavy seas,

excessivemovement of thebarge can causeequipment to moveor topple, alsoequipment candrop

Poor communication

between tug andbarge can causeimpacts betweenvessels, fall of personnel, andpotentiallysnapping of lines or wires, which caninjure personnel


Lack of communication

during set-up is notseen as a major hazard with proper procedures etc. inplace, but goodcommunication isdeemed critical for a safe operation



Drop



Energy release

Toxic release





SAFOP J-Lift RecoveryMain Step 2: Cut and Remove Tube Turn(s)No. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)







subsea structures











Fall










Toxic release





SAFOP J-Lift RecoveryMain Step 3: Recover Pipeline with a A&R WinchNo. of vessels in operation: 2 (Tug + Barge)





Impact

Drop

Fall



Toxic release





SAFOP J-Lift RecoveryMain Step 4: Retrieving of Pipe





Impact Crane operationsfor handling of thecut pipe sections

pose the samerisks as handling of the turn tube


As for setting up,the tug will moveanchors

continuously

Material handlingrisk as for personnel at the

recovery barge

Drop



Energy release Cutting of pipe

sections at thebarge can causeeye injuries, cuts

Safety glasses

shall be used

Toxic release





SAFOP J-Lift RecoveryMain Step 5: Cutting and transport of pipeline onshore





Impact

Drop

Fall

Energy release

Toxic release

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