acws water data audit report, 2015
TRANSCRIPT
Report Prepared for:
ironment Protection Authority Sout
Adelaide Coastal Water Stu
tormwater Data Audit Repor
th Australia
udy :
rt 2015
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South Australia
Water Data Services Pt¥ Ltd www .waterdata.com.au.
1 Erudf11a Ave E dwa rdstown
SA 5039
P 08 837'4 3522
F OS- 8374 3566
Date: Tuesday 20th June 2017
Delivery:
Electronic Copy (via email)
Principal Environment Protection Officer (Water Quality)
Environment Protection Authority SA
Level 9, 250 Victoria Square,
ADELAIDE, 5000
Via email:
Report:
Adelaide Coastal Waters Study : Stormwater Data Audit
Report 2015
Client Contact:
Principal Environment Protection Officer (Water Quality)
Environment Protection Authority SA
Level 9, 250 Victoria Square,
ADELAIDE, SA, 5000
Via email:
Contractor:
Prepared and submitted by:
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Water Data Services Pty Ltd
1 Erudina Ave
Edwardstown SA 5039
Telephone 08 8374 3522
Facsimile 08 8374 3566
Environment Protection Authority SA
i
Executive Summary In 2005 a data audit was undertaken to investigate data availability for current and historical monitoring
programs in the Adelaide Coastal Waters Study (ACWS) area. The audit was focussed on stormwater quality
and quantity and identified data gaps in the monitoring programs. This report in 2015 is an audit of the data
collected in the period 2005 to 2014 to determine if previous monitoring gaps have been filled and identify
current and future gaps in the monitoring programs. The report also summarises changes and
improvements to data sets report in the 2005 audit.
Flows observed during this period were influenced by drought conditions. The several years of below
average rainfall resulted in prolonged periods of below average flow. Environmental flow regimes were
designed and introduced to the major rivers to maintain river health and ecosystems. These environmental
flow releases occurred in the Gawler (South Para), Torrens and Onkaparinga Rivers and were facilitated by
water released from the reservoirs. A consequence of this was that the water released had a proportion of
River Murray water which has substantially different water quality characteristics to the natural stormwater
runoff in the lower catchments.
Water quality improvement and water security infrastructure was installed across the ACWS catchments as
part of the Australian Government's Water for the Future initiative which included wetlands and MAR
schemes. The primary objective of these initiatives is to improve water security but they may also have
some direct and indirect benefits to water quality.
Major transport infrastructure projects were constructed in the ACWS catchments including the Southern
Expressway duplication, Northern Expressway, Port River Expressway and bridge, South Road Superway and
the extension of the Seaford railway line.
The availability of flow and water quality data has improved substantially since the previous audit and a
strong shift towards data sharing between the many different agencies operating monitoring programs in
the ACWS has meant that added value can be extracted from capital expenditure on monitoring
infrastructure.
The majority of the monitoring projects utilise hydrometric monitoring stations with flow proportional
composite sampling instrumentation to facilitate the data collection. Natural Resources - Adelaide and
Mount Lofty Ranges (AMLR) operate the largest water quality monitoring network in the ACWS area and
have a designated website available to the public to view the data. The architecture of this website has
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been made available to local council and SA Water monitoring programs to become a data hub for the
region.
Auditing of the monitoring programs and data identified that many of the previous data gaps from 2005
have been filled. This fits with the set up of the AMLR designed Outfall Flow network. New monitoring
stations have been commissioned near the stormwater discharge points for most of the major creeks and
rivers. Remaining gaps in the ACWS stormwater catchments include the Southern coastal catchments, the
Patawalonga Coastal stormwater drainage systems (Holdfast drains) and the Buckland Park Lake (Gawler
River Discharge).
Rainfall runoff models were developed for the un-gauged catchments with the objective to provide a mean
annual discharge from the AWCS catchments into the gulf. Combining the modelled flow with the data from
the gauging stations determined that the mean annual flow from 2005 to 2014 was 92GL/yr.
Water quality monitoring was not performed at all sites for the reporting period, therefore a reduced period
of 2009-2014 was used as the data set. Combining the flow proportional composite sample water quality
results with the corresponding flow data determines the mean annual water quality pollutant loads. The
results observed were 149T/year Total Nitrogen, 14.2T/year Total Phosphorus and 4140T/year Suspended
Solids. Over 50% of each of the total pollutant loads is discharged from the Torrens, Gawler and
Onkaparinga Rivers.
The following recommendations have been provided to continue to meet and better inform the objectives
of the ACWS:
Verification monitoring for the stormwater drain system flow models
Flow monitoring of the Buckland Park Lake
Flow and WQ monitoring of the southern creek catchments
Maximise use of instrumentation technology including flow and water quality alerts
Real time monitoring for turbidity, customised web pages and reports
Investigate a catchment targeted pesticide sampling program
Incorporate wetland and MAR scheme monitoring programs into reports and database for the
ACWS catchments
Maintain the current regime of historical monitoring stations to observe changing trends in the catchments.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... i
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
2 Climate Summary ................................................................................................................ 3
3 Stormwater Sources ............................................................................................................ 4
3.1 Stormwater Source Classification ............................................................................................. 4
3.2 Influences on stormwater flow and quality 2005-2014 .............................................................. 9
3.3 ACWS Catchment Summaries ................................................................................................. 12
3.3.1 Gawler River ................................................................................................................................................ 12
3.3.2 Thompson Creek and Smith Creek .............................................................................................................. 15
3.3.3 Helps Road Drain and Adams Creek ............................................................................................................ 17
3.3.4 Little Para River ........................................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.5 Dry Creek .................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.6 Port Adelaide and Barker Inlet .................................................................................................................... 22
3.3.7 Torrens River ............................................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.8 Patawalonga Basin ...................................................................................................................................... 28
3.3.9 Field River ................................................................................................................................................... 31
3.3.10 Christie Creek.......................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.11 Onkaparinga River .................................................................................................................................. 35
3.3.12 Pedler Creek ........................................................................................................................................... 38
3.3.13 Silver Sands Catchment (Washpool Lagoon) .......................................................................................... 40
4 Availability of Flow Data.................................................................................................... 42
4.1 Data compatibility across the ACWS area ............................................................................... 49
4.2 Flow Data Gaps ..................................................................................................................... 49
5 Flow Data Summary .......................................................................................................... 50
5.1 Estimating Flows in Un-gauged Catchments ............................................................................ 50
5.1.1 Estimating Losses in Buckland Park Lake (Lower Gawler River) .................................................................. 52
5.1.2 Flows from the Holdfast and Coastal Patawalonga Catchments ................................................................. 58
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5.1.3 Southern Catchments ................................................................................................................................. 61
5.2 Flow Totals, Distribution and Seasonality ............................................................................... 65
5.2.1 Accounting for Environmental and Amenity Flows ..................................................................................... 72
6 Availability of Water Quality Data ..................................................................................... 76
6.1 Water Quality Data compatibility across the ACWS area ......................................................... 83
6.2 Water Quality Data Gaps ....................................................................................................... 83
7 Summary of Water Quality Data ........................................................................................ 85
8 Current and Future Monitoring .......................................................................................... 95
8.1 Current Monitoring Programs ................................................................................................ 95
8.2 Future Monitoring Direction .................................................................................................. 98
8.3 Integrating New Monitoring Technologies .............................................................................. 99
9 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................. 101
9.1 Recommendations............................................................................................................... 102
9.1.1 Flow monitoring ........................................................................................................................................ 102
9.1.2 Water Quality Monitoring ......................................................................................................................... 103
9.1.3 Data and Information ................................................................................................................................ 103
10 References ................................................................................................................... 105
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 : Adelaide Coastal Waters Study Area .............................................................................................. 2
Figure 3-1 : Northern Catchments of the ACWS Study Area ............................................................................. 7
Figure 3-2 : Southern Catchments of the ACWS Study Area ............................................................................. 8
Figure 3-3 : AMLR Trash-Rack Website ............................................................................................................ 11
Figure 3-4 : Gawler River Catchment Monitoring Summary ........................................................................... 14
Figure 3-5 : Smith and Thompson Creeks Catchment Monitoring Summary .................................................. 16
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Figure 3-6 : Little Para River Monitoring Summary ......................................................................................... 19
Figure 3-7 : Dry Creek Monitoring Summary ................................................................................................... 21
Figure 3-8 : Port Adelaide Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................. 24
Figure 3-9 : Torrens River Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................. 27
Figure 3-10 : Patawalonga Basin Monitoring Summary .................................................................................. 30
Figure 3-11 : Field River Monitoring Summary ................................................................................................ 32
Figure 3-12 : Christie Creek Monitoring Summary .......................................................................................... 34
Figure 3-13 : Onkaparinga River Monitoring Summary ................................................................................... 37
Figure 3-14 : Pedler Creek Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................ 39
Figure 3-15 : Silver Sands Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................. 41
Figure 4-1 : AMLR and EPA coastal warning webpage ..................................................................................... 44
Figure 5-1 : Un-gauged catchments in the ACWS Area ................................................................................... 51
Figure 5-2 : Buckland Park Lake Hydrology ...................................................................................................... 53
Figure 5-3 : Buckland Park Modelled Flows – 1973-1994 ............................................................................... 55
Figure 5-4 : Buckland Park Modelled Flows – 1995-2014 ............................................................................... 56
Figure 5-5 : Mean Annual Flow Volumes ......................................................................................................... 67
Figure 5-6 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Northern Catchments ......................................................... 68
Figure 5-7 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Port Adelaide and Barker Catchments ............................... 69
Figure 5-8 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Torrens and Patawalonga Catchments ............................... 70
Figure 5-9 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Southern Catchments ......................................................... 71
Figure 7-1 : Measured Total Annual Nitrogen Loads ....................................................................................... 90
Figure 7-2 : Measured Total Annual Phosphorus Loads .................................................................................. 91
Figure 7-3 : Measured Total Annual Suspended Solids Loads ......................................................................... 92
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List of Tables
Table 2-1 : Adelaide Annual Rainfall Totals (Kent Town Rain Gauge) ................................................................ 3
Table 3-1 : ACWS Area Stormwater System Classification ................................................................................. 4
Table 3-2 : ACWS Catchments - Major and Selected Minor Drainage Systems (North to South) ...................... 5
Table 3-3 : Environmental Flow and WQIP Releases ......................................................................................... 9
Table 3-4 : Gawler River Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................... 12
Table 3-5 : Smith and Thompson Creek Monitoring Summary........................................................................ 15
Table 3-6 : HELPS Road Drain Monitoring Summary ....................................................................................... 17
Table 3-7 : Little Para River Monitoring Summary ........................................................................................... 18
Table 3-8 : Dry Creek Monitoring Summary .................................................................................................... 20
Table 3-9 : Dry Creek Monitoring Summary .................................................................................................... 22
Table 3-10 : Torrens River Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................. 25
Table 3-11 : Patawalonga Basin Monitoring Summary .................................................................................... 28
Table 3-12 : Field River Monitoring Summary ................................................................................................. 31
Table 3-13 : Christie Creek Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................ 33
Table 3-14 : Onkaparinga River Monitoring Summary .................................................................................... 35
Table 3-15 : Pedler Creek Monitoring Summary.............................................................................................. 38
Table 3-16 : Silver Sands Monitoring Summary ............................................................................................... 40
Table 4-1 : Stormwater Flow Monitoring Programs ........................................................................................ 45
Table 4-2 : Summary of current outfall flow monitoring into the ACWS area ................................................. 46
Table 5-1 : Buckland Park Model Result Summary .......................................................................................... 57
Table 5-2 : Holdfast and Patawalonga Coastal Catchment Characteristics ...................................................... 59
Table 5-3 : Annual Total Rainfall - 2304 – Adelaide Airport – 2005-2014 ........................................................ 59
Table 5-4 : Patawalonga Coastal Catchments - Estimated Annual Catchment Discharge ............................... 60
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Table 5-5 : Summary of gauged and un-gauged southern catchments ........................................................... 61
Table 5-6 : Southern Un-gauged Catchment Assignments .............................................................................. 62
Table 5-7 : Southern Catchments - Recorded Catchment Yields ..................................................................... 63
Table 5-8 : Southern Catchments – Estimated Annual Flows .......................................................................... 64
Table 5-9 : Summary of Average Recorded and Estimated Flow Volumes (Including Environmental Flows) . 66
Table 5-10 : Estimated Annual Environmental Flows Delivered via the Onkaparinga Estuary ........................ 73
Table 5-11 : Estimated Annual Environmental/Amenity Flows Delivered via the Torrens mouth................... 73
Table 5-12 : Estimated Annual Environmental Flows Delivered via Buckland Park Wetland .......................... 74
Table 5-13 : Effect of Environmental Flows on changes in Catchment Yield ................................................... 75
Table 6-1 : Water Quality Monitoring Programs .............................................................................................. 78
Table 6-2 : Summary of current water quality monitoring into the ACWS area .............................................. 80
Table 7-1 : Measured Total Annual Nitrogen Loads 2005-2014 ...................................................................... 87
Table 7-2 : Measured Total Annual Phosphorus Loads 2005-2014 ................................................................. 88
Table 7-3 : Measured Total Annual Suspended Solids Loads 2005-2014 ........................................................ 89
Table 7-4 : Water Quality Trend Indication Summary 2012-13 – AMLR Outfall Sites ...................................... 94
Table 8-1 : Current Catchment Outfall Monitoring and Gaps .......................................................................... 96
Appendices
Appendix A : Trend Analysis Summary
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1 Introduction The Adelaide Coastal Waters Study (ACWS) was initiated in 2001 to investigate the Adelaide coastal
environment in relation to the problems of sea-grass loss, seafloor instability and poor water quality. The
aim of the study is to provide knowledge and understanding of the systems so that solutions can be
implemented in the state’s management plans.
In 2005, an audit report was commissioned to investigate the available data in the ACWS area and identify
data gaps. The report summarised the monitoring programs undertaken in the ACWS and provided
recommendations for future monitoring programs.
This report is an update of the 2005 Audit report to summarise the data collected in the 10 years since the
last audit, identify the current monitoring programs and provide recommendations for future monitoring to
fill data gaps.
The ACWS area encompasses an approximately 70km section of coast from Port Gawler, north of Adelaide
to Sellicks Beach, south of Adelaide. The catchments feeding stormwater into the area are all part of the
Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Region incorporating the catchments of the Gawler River, Torrens River and
Patawalonga System, and Onkaparinga River specific to the ACWS area. The upper reaches of these systems
include reservoirs and flood control dams which control stormwater runoff from the catchments. This can
reduce or delay stormwater discharge to the coast. The ACWS area is displayed in Figure 1-1. The
characteristics of the catchments include the "hills face zone" of the Mt Lofty Ranges, market gardens and
farms in the northern plains, urbanised catchments of suburbs and city in the central area and wineries and
farms in the southern area.
Section 3.3 of the report provides an update on development and changes within catchments from the
previous report. This includes the major projects and developments in the catchments which will affect the
quality and quantity of stormwater during the reporting period and for future assessments.
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2 Climate Summary An understanding of climatic conditions during the 10 years from 2005 to 2014 is necessary in order to
summarise the stormwater flow conditions. Table 2-1 below summarises the annual rainfall for Adelaide
from 1995 to 2014.
Adelaide experienced seven out of 10years of rainfall above the median value between 1995 and 2004. This
was the opposite for the 10 years 2005-2014 where seven years of below median rainfall were observed.
Table 2-1 : Adelaide Annual Rainfall Totals (Kent Town Rain Gauge)
Year Annual
Total (mm)
Above / Below
median rainfall
Year Annual
Total (mm)
Above / Below
median rainfall
1995 494.2 below 2005 629.6 above
1996 599.4 above 2006 287.6 below
1997 498.6 below 2007 465.0 below
1998 546.0 above 2008 402.4 below
1999 628.8 above 2009 517.2 below
2000 643.8 above 2010 592.6 above
2001 716.2 above 2011 537.8 median
2002 378.4 below 2012 527.2 below
2003 609.2 above 2013 507.4 below
2004 580.2 above 2014 534.2 below
BOM Kent Town median rainfall 537.8mm, 1977-2015.
Source: www.bom.gov.au
The 2005-2014 Adelaide climate is characterised by record heat waves (15 consecutive days, 2008) and the
warmest mean temperatures on record (Kent Town) in 2007 and 2009. These above average temperatures
corresponded to a period of drought with below average rainfall from 2006-2009. The 2006 rainfall total is
the second lowest on record, with 2008 fifth lowest and 2007 sixth lowest.
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3 Stormwater Sources
3.1 Stormwater Source Classification
In the 2005 report each of the stormwater drainage systems discharging into the ACWS zone was classified
into one of the following descriptions:
Class 1 Creek and River systems, or;
Class 2 Stormwater Drainage Networks.
Sub-groups of each class were determined as a means of ranking each stormwater system by size and likely
impact on the ACWS area.
This report adopts the same classification system.
The criteria for each of the stormwater system categories is displayed in Table 3-1
Table 3-1 : ACWS Area Stormwater System Classification
Classification Description Criteria
Group 1 Creek and River Systems
1.1 Major Catchments > 20,000 ha
1.2 Major Creeks >2,000 ha
1.3 Minor Coastal Area <2,000 ha
1.8 Water Supply Catchment
1.9 Systems draining to Barker Inlet.
Group 2 Stormwater Drainage Networks
2.1 Major stormwater drain Q > 200ML*
2.2 Intermediate stormwater drain 100ML < Q < 200ML
2.3 Minor Stormwater drain Q < 100ML
2.4 Small beach or dune drain
Note: Q is the two year return period flood estimated from annual rainfall and volumetric runoff coefficients (ARR 1987)
Source: EPA (2005)
The ACWS catchment area has been divided into 23 catchments and drainage networks.
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These catchments are listed in Table 3-2 including their catchment area and classification. The Minor
Stormwater Drains are detailed in the previous report (EPA 2005). This table does not include any other
minor local outlets which may discharge into the ACWS area.
Maps of the catchments in the Northern and Southern ACWS area are shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2
respectively and the major catchments are discussed in Section 3.3.
Table 3-2 : ACWS Catchments - Major and Selected Minor Drainage Systems (North to South)
Number Name Area (ha)
Group Classification (% area impounded)
1 a. Gawler River 88330 1.1 Major catchment
b. South Para and Barossa reservoirs 23600 1.8 Water supply network (21.1%)
2 Thompson Ck, Smith Ck 20560 1.1 Major catchment
3 Helps Rd, Adams Creek 12400 1.9 Barker Inlet drainage
4 a. Little Para River 1161 1.9 Barker Inlet drainage
b. Little Para reservoir 8300 1.8 Water supply network (87.7%)
5 Dry & Cobbler Creeks 14224 1.9 Barker Inlet drainage
6 Port Adelaide 12992 1.9 Barker Inlet drainage
7 a. Torrens drainage 21848 1.1 Major catchment
b. Torrens watershed 28287 1.8 Water supply network (56.4%)
8 Patawalonga Basin 21239 1.1 Major catchment
9 Coastal catchment (9.1 to 9.10) 2521
Urban stormwater
9.1 Pier St, Glenelg 148 2.2 Intermediate storm drain
9.2 The Broadway, Glenelg South 96 2.2 Intermediate storm drain
9.3 Marine St, Somerton Park 83 2.2 Intermediate storm drain
9.4 Harrow Rd, Somerton Park 341 2.1 Major storm drain
9.5 Downing St, Hove 23 2.3 Minor storm drain
9.6 Wattle Ave, N Brighton 213 2.1 Intermediate storm drain
9.7 Jetty Rd, Brighton 22 2.3 Minor storm drain
9.8 Edwards St, Brighton 472 2.1 Major storm drain
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Number Name Area (ha)
Group Classification (% area impounded)
9.9 Young St, Seacliff 600 2.1 Major storm drain
9.10 Wheatland St, Seacliff 11 2.3 Minor storm drain
10 Waterfall Creek 958 1.3 Minor coastal area
11 a. Field River 3616 1.2 Major Creek
b. Happy Valley Res. catchment 1913 1.8 Water supply network (34.6%)
12 Christie Creek 3779 1.2 Major Creek
13 a. Lower Onkaparinga River 17188 1.1 Major catchment
b. Upper Onkaparinga system 38329 1.8 Water supply network (69.0%)
14 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Onkaparinga) 475 1.3 Minor coastal area
15 Coastal Catchment (Nth of Pedler Ck) 508 1.3 Minor coastal area
16 Pedler Creek 10738 1.2 Major Creek
17 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Pedler Ck) 677 1.3 Minor coastal area
18 Maslin Creek 3392 1.2 Major Creek
19 Coastal Catchment (Willunga Ck) 468 1.3 Minor coastal area
20 Willunga 3027 1.2 Major Creek
21 Aldinga Creek 4919 1.2 Major Creek
22 Sellicks - minor 654 1.3 Minor coastal area
23 South Sellicks catchment 1753 1.3 Minor coastal area
Total (ha) 347864
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3.2 Influences on stormwater flow and quality 2005-2014
The quality and quantity of stormwater discharging to the ACWS area is not only determined by climatic
factors, but can also be determined by human driven processes. These processes may have a positive or
negative effect on the stormwater and may be specifically monitored, or occur as part of a changing
catchment in an urbanised environment. For the period 2005-2014, the following catchment affecting
activities should be considered when interpreting the data and identifying future monitoring programs.
Drought conditions during 2006-2009 resulted in an Environmental Flows trial being developed. The trial
was implemented from 2012-2014 for the South Para, Torrens and Onkaparinga Rivers. Flow releases from
the reservoirs were delivered at specific times, for a targeted flow rate and duration. The objective was to
maintain the volume and quality of refuge pools for aquatic animals and plants, and the general river
health. The consequence of the Environmental Flows trial to the ACWS area is that the water for the
releases comes from the reservoir storages which have a significant proportion of River Murray water in
addition to the captured catchment runoff. This water will have different characteristics to the stormwater
derived from the lower catchment areas. In addition to the Environmental Flows trial, the Torrens Water
Quality Improvement Program (Torrens WQIP) was implemented. This also involved reservoir releases into
the Torrens River as part of water quality management for the Torrens Lake. Reservoir flow releases as part
of these projects are summarised in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3 : Environmental Flow and WQIP Releases
Torrens River @ Gorge Hope Valley Scour South Para River
@ Barossa Diversion
Onkaparinga 300m DS
Year eFlow (ML) Torrens WQIP (ML) Torrens WQIP
(ML) eFlow (ML) eFlow (ML)
2011 240.1 - 55.9 0.0 119.8
2012 1338.5 - 515.6 1838.5 9283.0
2013 1352.9 831.8 1333.5 0.0 7584.8
2014 1056.8 1374.4 - 1274.4 10179.8
The drought conditions also instigated the construction of the Adelaide Desalination Plant at Port Stanvac in
2009-2011. The water from the plant discharges directly into the ACWS area via an offshore diffuser. The
coastal environment is monitored continuously near the diffuser as part of in situ monitoring programs.
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Page 10 JN141105a
Several major transport infrastructure projects were undertaken during 2005-2014. These include the
Southern Expressway duplication (2012-2014), the Seaford Rail Extension (2011-2012), construction of the
Northern Expressway (2008-2010), construction of the Port River Expressway (2002-2008) including the
Diver Derrick Bridge, and construction of the South Road Superway (2010-2013). These major projects had
specific stormwater monitoring requirements as part of the license conditions to minimise the impact of the
construction works on the environment however changes in the flow and water quality characteristics may
have occurred during and post construction.
Major stormwater harvesting projects and water quality improvement infrastructure were also installed in
many of the catchments as part of the Australian Government's Water for the Future program. These
include wetlands in City of Onkaparinga as part of the Waterproofing the South Project, City of Charles Sturt
and City of Port Adelaide Enfield incorporating the Waterproofing the West Project, City of Marion
(Oaklands Park wetland),the Adelaide Airport Stormwater Reuse scheme and City of Playford as part of the
Water Proofing Playford project. In addition to wetlands, many councils are installing rain gardens to
improve the water quality of stormwater.
A major flood mitigation structure, the Bruce Eastick Dam was constructed on the North Para River, 4.8km
North East of Gawler, during 2006 and 2007. This structure will have an impact on the water quality and
quantity flowing into the Gawler River during flood events. The dam is not a permanent water storage. Low
flows pass through the dam via the low level outlet pipe and additional outlet pipes for flood events occur
at higher levels in the dam.
The water quality and quantity of stormwater discharging into the ACWS area can vary as a result of many
factors including the duration between rain events, the intensity of the rain event, and land use activities
(building density, vegetation cover, street pollution/cleanliness). Natural Resources Adelaide and Mt Lofty
Ranges (AMLR) implement several pollution reducing strategies which benefit the ACWS area. These
strategies include gross pollutant traps (trash racks, nets and floating booms), sedimentation basins, and
stormwater harvesting schemes. The design characteristics and operation program of these strategies
needs to be understood when determining the impact on the stormwater discharging to the ACWS area. For
example once a gross pollutant trap is full, the water quality downstream of the trap may worsen in quality.
The AMLR trash-rack website displayed in Figure 3-3 details the monthly and annual totals of trash removed
from the gross pollutant traps from 2006 to 2010.
~ -~ter data services
Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 11
Figure 3-3 : AMLR Trash-Rack Website
Source: http://trashracks.waterdata.com.au/
f South Australia Government o ~ · uni Lofty Range, ard { "IJ,) ' \ Adelaide & M~ces Managemenl Bo V-:V_ ... '} Natural Resou ~
Avg Annual Tonnes: 16.36
Srownhill Creek - Watson Avenue
Avg Annual Tonnes: 32.73
Fourth Creek - Dennis Morrissey Reserve
Avg Annual Tonnes: D
Fourth Creek - Outlet, Felix.stow Reserve
Avg Annual Tonnes: 0
Glen Osmond Creek - Simpson Parade
Avg Annual Tonnes: D
Park Lands Creek - Park 20
Avg Annual Tonnes: 0
Patawalonga lake Avg Annual Tonnes: O
Patawalonga River - Barcoo Outlet Av<; Annual Tonnes: 0.92
River Torrens - Outlet
Avg Annual Tonnes: 19.17
River Torrens - St Peters
Avg Annual Tonnes : 8.67
Second Creek - Outlet, Goss Court
Avg Annual Tonnes: O
Short Flood Control Dam
Avg Annual Tonnes: 1.68
Sturt R.iver - Drain 1
Avg Annual Tonnes : 4.63
Sturt River - Drain 2
Avg Annual Tonnes: 23 .38
Sturt River - Drain 21
Avg Annual Tonnes : 10.76
Sturt River - Drain 3
Avg Annual Tonnes: 12.24
Sturt River - Drain 4
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Page 12 JN141105a
3.3 ACWS Catchment Summaries
The 2005 audit report provides detailed descriptions of the physical characteristics of each individual
catchment. The following section summarises the major monitoring locations in each catchment and
describes the relevant catchment changes since the previous report which may impact and distinguish parts
of the data set from historical trends.
3.3.1 Gawler River
The Gawler River catchment is a 1105km2 catchment comprising urban, industrial, rural and remnant native
vegetation subcatchments. The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS is estimated to be 883km2
(EPA 2005).
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Gawler River catchment map is presented in Figure 3-4.
3.3.1.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-4 : Gawler River Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5050510 - Gawler River @ Virginia Park
AMLR Flow: 1974-1989; 2000-2004; 2009-present
WQ: 2009-present
A5050505 - Gawler River @ Gawler Junction
DEWNR Flow: 1969 - 2004
A5050503 - South Para River @ South East Gawler (Woodlands Weir)
DEWNR Flow: 1968-present
A5050501 - South Para River @ Barossa Diversion Weir
SAW Flow: 1982-1990; 1992-1993; 2012-present
A5050516 - South Para Reservoir
SAW Flow: 1977-present
A5051004 - North Para River @ Turretfield
AMLR Flow: 1972-present (historical data A5050504)
WQ: 2010-present
A5050502 - North Para DEWNR Flow: 1943-present
~ -~ter data services
Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 13
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
River @ Yaldara
A5050536 - North Para River @ Tanunda
AMLR Flow: 1991-2004; 2014-present
A5050517 - North Para River @ Penrice
DEWNR Flow: 1977-present
A5050533 - North Para River @ Mt McKenzie
DEWNR Flow: 1989-present
Note: Monitoring stations are also operated on the minor creeks flowing into the North Para River including
Tanunda Creek, Duckponds Creek and Jacobs Creek.
3.3.1.2 Major catchment changes:
The South Para Reservoir underwent safety upgrades to the dam wall and spillway in 2011-2012. The
construction did not alter the capacity of the dam but raised and strengthened parts of the spillway to
constrict the flow of flood events.
North east of Gawler the North Para River Flood Mitigation Dam was constructed during 2006-2007. This
dam will have a significant influence on the ACWS area in flood events. The design specification of the dam
is for the 40 year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) event. The dam will reduce the flow rate and extend the
duration from 310m3/s for 18 hours to 110m3/s for 4 days. The effect on the ACWS area will be that the
high flow events will now have a longer flow duration but lower water velocities. This change to the high
flow event characteristics may require targeted monitoring to determine the effect on the coastal
environment.
The Gawler Township has had multiple new housing developments in the last 10 years which will have a
localised increase in runoff from the township.
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A5050516 :Sth ParaReservoir
GawlerRiver
OnkaparingaRiver
FieldRiver
A5050503 : SthPara River @SE Gawler
A5050510 :Gawler River@ Virginia
A5051004 : NorthPara River @Turretfield
0 12,500 25,0006,250
Meters
±
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S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 4 : G a w l e r R i v e r M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 4 : G a w l e r R i v e r M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD05 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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JN141105a Page 15
3.3.2 Thompson Creek and Smith Creek
The Thompson and Smith Creek catchment is a 325km2 catchment comprising primarily urban, industrial
and farming land uses. The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS is estimated to be 205km2 (EPA
2005).
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Thompson and Smith Creek catchment map is presented in Figure 3-5.
3.3.2.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-5 : Smith and Thompson Creek Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5051005 - Smith Creek @ Womma Road
City of Playford
Flow: 2009-present
WQ: 2009-2012
A5050540 – Smith Creek d/s Davoren Rd, Andrews Farm
City of Playford
Flow:1993-2000; 2001-present
WQ: 2007-2008
W5050001 – Smith Creek @ Featherstone Road
City of Playford
Flow:2007-present
WQ: 1 event sample 17/12/2008
3.3.2.2 Major catchment changes:
The Smith Creek catchment has undergone significant change during this reporting period with new housing
developments constructed in Andrews Farm. The Northern Expressway runs through the Smith Creek
catchment and part of the design included the construction of wetlands as part of the City of Playford MAR
schemes. The existing lake, detention basin wetlands at Andrews Farm was expanded to supply an
additional 240ML/yr for the ASR scheme. Two new off stream wetlands were also constructed to divert
water from Smith Creek as part of the Waterproofing Northern Adelaide Project.
Thompson Creek is un-gauged and as per the previous report only a small proportion of the runoff flows out
to sea. In flood events, over bank spills from the Gawler River may flow into Thompson Creek however this
is unconfirmed.
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A5051013 :Helps Drain d/sSummer Road
A5050540 :Smith Creekd/s Davoren Rd
A5051005 :Smith Creek@ Womma Rd
W5050001: Smith Creek @Featherstone Rd
Smith Ck,Thompson
Ck, HELPS Drain
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S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 5 : S m i t h C r e e k M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 5 : S m i t h C r e e k M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD06 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 17
3.3.3 Helps Road Drain and Adams Creek
Whilst this system is isolated, the South Australian catchment boundary spatial data coverage includes the
Helps Road Drain Section 3.3.2
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Helps Road Drain catchment map is included in the catchment map presented for Smith Creek and
Thompson Creek shown in Section 3.3.2, Figure 3-5.
Table 3-6 : HELPS Road Drain Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5051013 – Helps Road Drain d/s Sumner Rd Bolivar
City of Salisbury
Flow: 2005-2006;2007-present
WQ: 2007-present event based
3.3.3.1 Major catchment changes:
Construction of the Edinburgh Parks Industrial Estate commenced in 2004 and is planned to continue to
develop until 2025. The infrastructure includes new culverts in the drain as part of Edinburgh Road and
new/upgraded stormwater runoff channels into Helps Drain from the Industrial Area. All four existing ASR
wetlands in the catchment were upgraded as part of the Waterproofing Northern Adelaide project.
~~ter data services
Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 18 JN141105a
3.3.4 Little Para River
The Little Para River catchment is a 92km2 catchment comprising primarily remnant native vegetation,
cleared grazing, urban and industrial land uses. The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS for the
combined catchments Little Para River, Dry Creek and Port Adelaide subcatchments is 407.5km2 (EPA 2005).
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Little Para River catchment map is presented in Figure 3-6.
3.3.4.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-7 : Little Para River Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5041006 – Little Para River d/s Port Wakefield Rd
City of Salisbury
Flow: 2004-2006; 2007-2009; 2010-present
WQ: 2004-present event based.
A5040503 – Little Para River u/s fault
DEWNR Flow: 1968-present
WQ: 2007-2012 (A5040503AA).
3.3.4.2 Major catchment changes:
As part of the Water Proofing Northern Adelaide project from 2007-2010, wetland and ASR infrastructure
were installed in the upper Little Para River catchment at Golden Grove. The monitoring site downstream of
Port Wakefield Road underwent repairs on several occasions to repair the large weir which was being
undermined by the flow. Continued observations at the site identified that the weir continued to leak
resulting in the monitoring instruments being relocated 100m downstream.
~ -~ter data services
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!.!.
A5041037: WhitesRd Wetland
A5041006 : LittlePara River d/sPt wakefield Rd
A5040528 :Little ParaReservoir
A5040503 :Little Para
River u/s Fault
OnkaparingaRiver
LittlePara River
0 3,600 7,2001,800
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 6 : L i t t l e P a r a M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 6 : L i t t l e P a r a M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD07 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 20 JN141105a
3.3.5 Dry Creek
The Dry Creek catchment is a 142km2 catchment comprising multiple land uses including remnant native
vegetation, cleared grazing, urban and industrial. The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS for the
combined catchments Little Para River, Dry Creek and Port Adelaide subcatchments is 407.5km2 (EPA 2005).
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Dry Creek catchment map is presented in Figure 3-7.
3.3.5.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-8 : Dry Creek Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5041053 – Dry Creek D/S Pt Wakefield Rd
City of Salisbury
Flow: 2013-present
WQ: 2014-present, event based.
A5041005 – Dry Creek U/S Salisbury Highway
City of Salisbury
Flow: 2004-2006; 2008; 2010-2012
WQ: 2004-2009; 2011
A5041051 – Dry Creek @ Conway Crescent Valley View
AMLR Flow:2001-present
A5041052 – Dry Creek @ Bridge Rd
AMLR Flow:1994-present
3.3.5.2 Major catchment changes:
Existing ASR wetlands were expanded and four new wetlands were constructed as part of the
Waterproofing Northern Adelaide Project in the upper Dry Creek catchment. In the lower catchment a
series of in-stream detention basins were installed upstream of Bridge Road. These basins will function to
maximise stormwater harvesting at the Pooraka ASR infrastructure, to improve flood management and to
reduce erosion. New wetlands were also constructed and existing wetlands expanded in the lower
catchment.
~ -~ter data services
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A5041005 :Dry Ck u/sSalisbury Hwy
A5041049 :ParafieldDrain @ Weir
A5041053 : DryCreek D/S Pt
Wakefield Road
A5041051 : DryCreek @ ConwayCrescent Valley View
A5041052 :Dry Creek @Bridge Road
Dry &CobblerCreeks
0 3,600 7,2001,800
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
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AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD08 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 22 JN141105a
3.3.6 Port Adelaide and Barker Inlet
The Port Adelaide catchment is a 130km2 catchment comprising primarily urban and industrial land uses.
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005). The effective
catchment area relevant to the ACWS for the combined catchments Little Para River, Dry Creek and Port
Adelaide subcatchments is 407.5km2 (EPA 2005).
The Port Adelaide catchment map is presented in Figure 3-8.
3.3.6.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-9 : Dry Creek Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5041016 – Kirkcaldy Wetland @ Nash St, East Grange
AMLR Flow: 2004-present
WQ: 2004-present
A5041041 – Port Road Drain U/S Old Port Road
AMLR Flow: 2011-present
WQ: 2011-present
A5041025 – Magazine Wetland Outlet
AMLR Flow: 2009-present
WQ: 2009-present
A5041024 – Range Wetland Outlet
AMLR Flow: 2009-present
WQ: 2009-present
A5041009 – Barker Inlet Wetland @ Outlet #1
AMLR Flow: 2004-present
WQ: 2004-present
A5041017 – Barker Inlet Wetlands @ Outlet #2
AMLR Flow: 2004-present
WQ: 2004-present
A5041008 – West Lakes Outlet
EPA Flow: 2004-2006
WQ: 2004-2006
A5041011 – Barker Inlet Wetlands @ HEP Drain
EPA Flow: 2004-2007
WQ: 2004-2007
A5041012 – Barker Inlet Wetlands @ NAE Drain
EPA Flow: 2004-2007
WQ:2004-2007
~ -~ter data services
Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 23
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5041013 – Barker Inlet Wetlands @ South of Salisbury Highway
EPA Flow: 2004-2007
WQ: 2004-2007
3.3.6.2 Major catchment changes:
Stage 1 of the Waterproofing the West project was completed in 2013 and included the construction of
wetlands at Old Port Road, Riverside Golf Course and Cheltenham. Major transport infrastructure projects
also occurred in this catchment with the South Road Superway and the Northern Expressway (including the
Diver Derrick Bridge) being constructed.
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!.
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Adelaide
A5041009 : BarkerInlet Wetlands- Outlet #1
A5041016 : KirkcaldyWetland @ NashSt East Grange
A5041017 : BarkerInlet Wetlands
- Outlet #2A5041024 :Range WetlandOutlet
A5041025 :Magazine
Wetland Outlet
A5041041 : PortRd Drain u/sOld Pt Road
0 2,500 5,0001,250
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 8 : P o r t A d e l a i d e M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 8 : P o r t A d e l a i d e M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD09 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 25
3.3.7 Torrens River
The Torrens River catchment is a 500km2 catchment comprising primarily urban and industrial land uses
towards the lower reaches and remnant vegetation, recreational parks and farming land uses towards the
upper reaches. The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS is estimated to be 208.5km2 (EPA 2005).
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
It should be noted that a key assertion of the previous data audit (EPA 2005) was that the Kangaroo Creek
reservoir is a hydrological and water quality barrier, completely isolating the upper catchment. This is not
correct. Water from Kangaroo Creek is routinely transferred to the Gorge Weir via the Torrens River channel
for operational reasons and is also regularly allowed to spill from Gorge Weir for Environmental Flows or
Torrens Water Quality Improvement Program flows.
In addition to this, Kangaroo Creek reservoir has spilled 17 times since 1979, contributing substantially to
flow in the lower reaches.
The Torrens River catchment map is presented in Figure 3-9.
3.3.7.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-10 : Torrens River Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5041014 – Torrens River @ Seaview Rd
AMLR Flow: 2010-present
WQ:2011-present
A5040529 – Torrens River u/s Holbrooks Rd
AMLR Flow: 1978-present
WQ:1996-present
A5040578 – First Creek @ Botanic Gardens
AMLR Flow: 1996-present
WQ:1996-present
A5041023 – Torrens River d/s Second Creek
AMLR Flow: 2009-present
WQ:2009-present
A5040579 – Third Creek @ Forsyth Grove
AMLR Flow: 1996-2009
WQ:1996-2009
~~ter data services
Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 26 JN141105a
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
W5040051 – Torrens River U/S Silkes Rd
AMLR Flow:2012-present
Environmental Flows Project Site
A5040547 – Hope Valley Reservoir
SA WATER Flow: 1993-2006; 2011-present
A5040501 – Torrens River @ Gorge Weir
SA WATER Flow: 1937-present
A5040523 – Sixth Creek @ Castambul
AMLR Flow: 1977-present
WQ:1996-present
A5040531 – Kangaroo Creek Reservoir
SA WATER Flow: 1979-present
3.3.7.2 Major catchment changes:
Two off-stream ASR wetlands were constructed in Highbury and one in Dernancourt as part of the
Waterproofing Northern Adelaide project. As part of the Waterproofing the West project, an off-take pump
and water storage infrastructure were installed in the lower Torrens catchment.
~ -~ter data services
!.!.
!.
!.
!.
!.!.
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!.
!.
A5040547 : HopeValley Reservoir
A5040531 :Kangaroo Creek Reservoir
A5040523 :Sixth Creek@ Castambul
A5040501 :River Torrens@ Gorge Weir
W5040052 : TorrensRiver U/S O.G.Road Felixstow
W5040051: Torrens River
U/S Silkes Road
W5040050 :Torrens RiverD/S Gorge Weir
A5040529 :River Torrens@ Holbrooks Rd
A5040578 :First Creek @Botanic GardensA5041014 :
Torrens River @Seaview Rd Bridge
A5041023 :Torrens Riverd/s Second Creek
OnkaparingaRiver
TorrensRiver
0 9,000 18,0004,500
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 9 : T o r r e n s R i v e r M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 9 : T o r r e n s R i v e r M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD10 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 28 JN141105a
3.3.8 Patawalonga Basin
The Patawalonga Basin is a 211km2 catchment comprising multiple land uses including remnant native
vegetation, cleared grazing, urban and industrial The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS is
estimated to be 212.4km2 (EPA 2005).
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Patawalonga catchment map is presented in Figure 3-10.
3.3.8.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-11 : Patawalonga Basin Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5041022 – Patawalonga Creek U/S Barcoo Outlet
AMLR Flow: 2010-present
A5040549 – Sturt River D/S Anzac Highway
AMLR Flow: 1994-present
WQ:1994-present
A5040583 – Brownhill Creek @ Adelaide Airport
AMLR Flow: 1993-present
WQ:1997-present
A5040580 – Brownhill Creek U/S Keswick Ck
AMLR Flow: 1996-present
WQ:1996-2009
A5040901 – Brownhill Creek @ Scotch College
AMLR Flow: 1990-present
WQ:1997-present
A5040576 – Sturt River D/S Sturt Road
AMLR Flow: 1994-2009
WQ:1994-2009
A5040518 – Sturt River U/S Minno Creek
AMLR Flow: 1977-2009
WQ:1994-2009
~ -~ter data services
Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 29
3.3.8.2 Major catchment changes:
The Oaklands Wetland and Adelaide Airport Stormwater Reuse scheme were constructed as part of the
Water for the Future initiative. Stormwater harvesting infrastructure and gross pollutant traps have been
established in the Sturt River, Brownhill and Keswick Creek catchments. The Southern Expressway
duplication major transport project affected the Sturt River in this catchment.
~~ter data services
!.
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!.
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A5030500 :ClarendonWeir
A5030501: Mt BoldReservoir
A5041059 : PatawalongaCreek @ BarcooCollection Pond
A5040549 :Sturt River d/sAnzac Highway
A5040583 :Brownhill Creek @Adelaide Airport
A5040901 :Brownhill Ck @Scotch College
A5041021 :Sturt Riverd/s Winns Rd
A5041022 :Patawalonga
Ck u/s Barcoo
A5041042 :Drain 6 @Oaklands Park
PatawalongaBasin
0 3,600 7,2001,800
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 1 0 : P a t a w a l o n g a M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 1 0 : P a t a w a l o n g a M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD11 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 31
3.3.9 Field River
The Field River catchment is a 55km2 catchment comprising multiple land uses including remnant native
vegetation, cleared grazing, urban and industrial. The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS is
estimated to be 36.2km2 (EPA 2005).
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Field River catchment map is presented in Figure 3-11.
3.3.9.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-12 : Field River Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5031010 – Field River u/s mouth
AMLR Flow: 2010-present
WQ:2010-present
A5030546 – Field River d/s Main South Road
AMLR Flow: 2000-2009
WQ:2001-2009
3.3.9.2 Major catchment changes:
The Southern Expressway duplication project involved construction of bridges and stormwater runoff drains
in the Field River catchment. New housing developments were constructed in the catchment at Hallett Cove
Heights.
~~ter data services
!.
!.
A5030532 : HappyValley Pluviometer@ Reservoir
PatawalongaBasin
FieldRiver
0 2,100 4,2001,050
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 1 1 : F i e l d R i v e r M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 1 1 : F i e l d R i v e r M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD12 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
M.u111
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Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 33
3.3.10 Christie Creek
The Christie Creek catchment is a 38km2 catchment comprising primarily urban and industrial land uses.
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005). The effective
catchment area relevant to the ACWS is estimated to be 38km2 (EPA 2005).
The Christie Creek catchment map is presented in Figure 3-12.
3.3.10.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-13 : Christie Creek Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5030547 – Christie Creek d/s Galloway Road
AMLR Flow: 2001-present
WQ:2001-present
3.3.10.2 Major catchment changes:
As part of the Water Proofing the South project, the Christie Creek stormwater system and the Christies
Beach Wastewater Treatment Plant were upgraded. The Southern Expressway duplication project also
resulted in major construction in the Christie River catchment
~~ter data services
!.
A5030547 :Christie Ck d/sGalloway Rd
ChristieCreek
PedlerCreek
0 2,100 4,2001,050
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 1 2 : C h r i s t i e C r e e k M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 1 2 : C h r i s t i e C r e e k M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD13 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 35
3.3.11 Onkaparinga River
The Onkaparinga River catchment is a 554km2 catchment comprising primarily urban and industrial land
uses towards the lower reaches and remnant vegetation, recreational parks and farming land uses towards
the upper reaches. The effective catchment area relevant to the ACWS is approximately 170km2 (derived
from the WaterConnect delineated subcatchments dataset) and includes all subcatchments downstream of
Mt Bold Reservoir.
The Onkaparinga Estuary is s significant hydrological feature of the catchment.
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Onkaparinga River catchment map is presented in Figure 3-13.
3.3.11.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-14 : Onkaparinga River Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5031005 – Onkaparinga River U/S Old Noarlunga
AMLR Flow: 2006-present
WQ:2010-present
A5031004 – Onkaparinga River d/s Clarendon Weir
AMLR Flow: 2006-present
A5030503 – Bakers Gully near Kangarilla
DEWNR Flow: 1969-present
A5030500 – Onkaparinga River @ Clarendon Weir
SA WATER Flow:1937-present
A5030502 – Scott Creek @ Scott Bottom
SA WATER Flow:1969-present
WQ:2013-present
A5030501 – Mt Bold Reservoir
SA WATER Flow:1986-present
~~ter data services
Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 36 JN141105a
3.3.11.2 Major catchment changes:
A large rail bridge was constructed over the lower Onkaparinga River and flood plain as part of the Seaford
Rail Extension.
The lower Onkaparinga catchment had other construction projects including the start of the Southern
Expressway duplication and new housing developments.
~ -~ter data services
!.
!.
!.!.
!.
!.
!.
!.
W5030022 : OnkaparingaRiver @ Old Noarlunga,
d/s pipeline track
W5030021 :Onkaparinga River @Brooks Road
W5030020 :Onkaparinga River@ Clarendon Oval
A5030500 :ClarendonWeir
A5030501: Mt BoldReservoir
A5030503 : BakerGully @ 4.5kmWNW Kangarilla
A5031004 :Onkaparinga Riverd/s Clarendon Weir
A5031005 :Onkaparinga River
@ Old Noarlunga
OnkaparingaRiver
0 8,200 16,4004,100
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 1 3 : O n k a p a r i n g a M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 1 3 : O n k a p a r i n g a M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD14 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
• ::, h nrne
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 38 JN141105a
3.3.12 Pedler Creek
The Pedler Creek catchment is a 106km2 catchment comprising multiple land uses including remnant
vegetation, recreational parks, vineyards, urban and industrial.
A detailed description of the catchment is presented in the previous audit report (EPA 2005).
The Pedler Creek catchment map is presented in Figure 3-14.
3.3.12.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-15 : Pedler Creek Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5031009 – Pedler Creek U/S mouth
AMLR Flow: 2010-present
WQ: 2010-present
A5030543 – Pedler Creek @ Stump Hill Rd
AMLR Flow: 2000-present
WQ: 2005-2009
A5030538 – A5030544: Pedler Ck CSIRO network
CSIRO Flow: 1999-present
3.3.12.2 Major catchment changes:
A stormwater harvesting and reuse wetland system was constructed in the lower Pedler Creek as part of the
Water Proofing the South project. New housing developments have been constructed in the lower Pedler
Creek catchment.
~ -~ter data services
!.!.
A5030543 :Pedler Ck @Stump Hill Rd
A5031009 :Pedler Cku/s Mouth
FieldRiver
PedlerCreek
0 3,000 6,0001,500
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 1 4 : P e d l e r C r e e k M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 1 4 : P e d l e r C r e e k M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD15 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
"SuJli\'.Vl Be.iJ1 /
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 40 JN141105a
3.3.13 Silver Sands Catchment (Washpool Lagoon)
The Silver Sands catchment is a 49km2 catchment comprising primarily cleared grazing land and a
combination of urban and rural residential land use.
Washpool Lagoon is a significant controlling feature in the Silver Sands catchment.
The Pedler Creek catchment map is presented in Figure 3-15.
3.3.13.1 Monitoring Summary
Table 3-16 : Silver Sands Monitoring Summary
Site Organisation Flow Data
WQ Data
Record Summary
A5031013 – Washpool Lagoon Outlet
City of Onkaparinga
Flow: 2012 - present
3.3.13.2 Major catchment changes:
As part of the Water Proofing the South project, a water reuse scheme was constructed at the Hart Rd
Wetland.
~ -~ter data services
!.A5031013 :Washpool Lagoon@ Outfall
SilverSands
0 1,400 2,800700
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 3 - 1 5 : S i l v e r S a n d s M o n i t o r i n gF i g u r e 3 - 1 5 : S i l v e r S a n d s M o n i t o r i n gCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD16 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
Purl
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 42 JN141105a
4 Availability of Flow Data Since the previous report in 2005 the number of monitoring sites operating in the ACWS region has
increased substantially. A major driver for this is the AMLR NRM Board monitoring objective to monitor the
creek and river outfalls in the region. This objective to monitor the water quality and quantity at the outfall
serves a dual purpose of meeting the reporting requirements for AMLR NRM Board and also providing
valuable data for the ACWS.
The flow monitoring programs which have been undertaken in the ACWS catchments are displayed in Table
4-1.
When assessing and comparing the historical and current stormwater monitoring programs, it is important
to consider the objectives for each of the monitoring programs to understand why each particular method
was used for data collection.
The collection of flow data enables the long term trends in climate and catchment conditions to be
observed. For this reason it is important to maintain monitoring programs with already established periods
of record to provide a good baseline and view long term trends. Flow data is collected by deployed
monitoring instrumentation at hydrometric stations or in-situ point measurements through stream flow
gauging. The flow can be derived by a couple of methods. At a hydrometric monitoring station, the flow
controlling structure (a weir, natural rock bar, concrete channel, pipe/culvert) is "flow rated". This
determines a specific relationship between the water level in the pool created by the structure and the flow
through the structure. Therefore by measuring water level at the monitoring site the data can be converted
to flow. This "flow rating" is verified by in-situ point measurements of flow for different water levels.
A stream-flow gauging is an in-situ measurement of the flow using a current or flow meter. A cross section
of the river is divided up into small segments. In each segment the water velocity and depth (converted to
cross section area) are measured. Flow from each segment is added together to determine the total flow in
that section of stream. The result is a flow point relative to the water level and catchment conditions at that
time. These stream flow gauging provide reference data for verifying flow ratings, calibrating flow models
and confirming release flow rates.
Technological advances in monitoring instrumentation have provided alternative methods for flow
measurement and this has created opportunity for monitoring to be undertaken in locations which were
previously not suitable for installing a hydrometric monitoring station. These advances in instrumentation
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Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 43
include ultrasonic velocity sensors. Flow is determined by positioning the sensor in a known (surveyed)
cross section of the stream. The sensor measures both the level and velocity of the water and using the
cross section can calculate the flow. A benefit of the velocity sensors is that there is minimal infrastructure
investment required (no weir to be installed). This is important when considering the environmental
impacts of flow control structures such as barriers to fish passage.
Flow data availability in the ACWS area is different now compared to the 2005 report. This is not only a
reflection of the increase in quantity of monitoring stations. Technology improvements, not only to the
instrumentation in monitoring networks but also to environmental databases and monitoring operational
services has made the data available in real time for some of the monitoring networks. Historic hydrometric
stations were visited every three months to retrieve the data. The modern monitoring networks include
telemetry systems as part of the instrumentation. This enables data to be available in “real time”.
Highlighted in Table 4-2, many of the monitoring programs have a dedicated website on which both the
data archive and real-time telemetry data can be obtained. This “real time” availability of data provides the
facility for real time automated data interpretation and reporting to occur. For example the EPA coastal
warning alert displayed in Figure 4-1 utilises telemetry data from AMLR monitoring stations at river outfalls
on the Adelaide metropolitan beaches. When the telemetry data meets specified flow and water quality
criteria the coastal warning alert is automatically triggered warning people of potential swimming hazards
at these locations.
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 44 JN141105a
Figure 4-1 : AMLR and EPA coastal warning webpage
The AMLR webpage utilises the telemetry data for automated generation of daily flow reports. These
reports include the Outfall Flow Daily total and the Environmental Flow daily total. A summary of the
stormwater outfalls and corresponding flow monitoring sites is displayed in Table 4-2.
Flow data in the ACWS area has become more available:
Spatially through increased number of monitoring stations
In quantity through technological improvements to monitoring instruments and data logging
Temporally through “real time” data acquisition leading to automated website and database
reports and interpretation.
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~ Government of South Australia i •~• ' 'I ------VY,:i Adelaide & Mount Lofty Range~ ~ Natur.al Re<iource!> Management Board
Home
Coasllll Rivers and Creeks - Monitoring Water Quality
In South Australia we are lucky to have great beaches and recreational lakes In which to swim and participate in water sports. Along the metropolitan coastline. our beautirul long. white beaches are generally dean and sare fo r everyone to enjoy Water quality monitoring completed by the EPA indicated that ·beaches were safe ror recrea1ional users in terms of microbiology: however. there are instances where u,e turbidity at some beaches ma)' reduce visibility In the water· (EPA, 2004)
Across the metropolitan area we have a network of stormwater drains that collect run-olT from our streets and gutters when it rains. Nearly all of me~opolitan stormwater nows to the sea through the stormwater system, as well as the creeks and rivers situated along the Adelaide Plains These include the River Torrens, Barcoo Outlet Onkaparinga River and Chrtsttes Creek.
The Natural Resources Management Board. together with local councils, has taken action to improve the quality of stormwater. However during large rainfall events water quality does decline for a sl1ort period of time.
The water flowing out or these stormwater systems aRer rain can be discoloured and has contaminants associated with the pollution washed arr of our streets. Summer storm events that occur after long dry periods have the largest impact because material accumulated over several weeks is washed into the sea
Stormwater can be unpleasant to look at, reduces visibility and can smell. There is also a risk thal ingestion of tile stormwater could cause mild illness such as a stomach upset It makes sense to avoid swimming in this waterwhlch is usually contained to areas near discharge locations. Even a~er heavy storms. the discoloured water will normal!) disappear within 2-3 days.
Signs have been erected on some metropolitan beaches ta mark sections of beach that have a significant stormwater outlet nearby. They warn beachgoers that polluted stormwater could be discharged into the sea alter rain and to avoid swimming if water is discoloured.
Stonnwater Warning
The Nawral Resources Management Board has a network of monitoring stations to assess the flow and quality of stormwaterwithm creeks and rivers that discharge to the coast
Stormwater flow is collected on a continuous basis and can indicate when stonnwater events are occurring which could discharge lo the sea.
Current data from these coastal sites is presented graphically with a CAUTION I icon present when stormwater events are occurring.
Additional lnfoITTJation regarding these monitoring stations is available at !he AMLRNRM monitorinn network webSite or click on a warning sign on the map to access site Information directly.
It should be noted that these datasets are unvenfied and only p,uvide an rnd,cation of storm water run-off.
q) CAU-flON
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Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 45
Table 4-1 : Stormwater Flow Monitoring Programs
Organisation: Natural Resources Adelaide & Mt Lofty Ranges
SA Water Department of Environment Water, Natural Resources
EPA Local Councils
Bureau of Meteorology
CSIRO
Status: Current Current Current Current and Historical projects
Current Current Current
Project Descriptions:
Surface water monitoring network - Outfall Flow and Catchment monitoring
Flow and Composite Sampler Monitoring Network
State Monitoring Network - Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Region
Aquatic Ecosystem monitoring, current Surface Water Flow Monitoring - Historical
Stormwater Monitoring Programs
Weather Station Network
Pedler Creek Network
Reason for monitoring:
To meet NRM reporting objectives, stormwater investigations and environmental monitoring projects
Water supply operation - quantity and quality monitoring
State monitoring network, long term climate monitoring
Stormwater investigation projects – Barker Wetlands / Port River
Monitoring projects to meet environmental targets
Flood warning and climate monitoring
Pedler Creek – monitoring of surface water and ground water
Monitoring Methodology:
Hydrometric monitoring stations
Hydrometric monitoring stations
Hydrometric monitoring stations
In-situ site measurements Hydrometric monitoring stations
Hydrometric monitoring stations
Rain gauge network Surface and Groundwater monitoring stations
Number Sites, Length of record: (Sites u/s of water storage not included)
52 flow monitoring sites, 40 current, median record length 8 years
11 flow monitoring sites, 10 current, median record length 11 years
31 flow monitoring sites, 8 current, median record length 6 years
4 historical flow monitoring sites, median record length 3 years, Note other sites transferred to AMLR network
Onkaparinga 1 current site, 3yr record Marion 1 current site, 1 yr + historical data Salisbury 5 current sites, median record length 5 years Playford 8 current sites, median record length 3 years
Majority of flow sites connected to existing monitoring stations for Flood Warning. More than 100 rain gauges across the ACWS area.
6 flow monitoring sites all currently active, median record length 13 years
Data Location: AMLR website - public data
amlr.waterdata.com.au
Catchment monitoring data publicly available as link on AMLR website Data archive and Reservoir Storage data owned by SA Water
Water Connect website. EPA database
Historical data on AMLR website
amlr.waterdata.com.au
AMLR website - public data
amlr.waterdata.com.au
Bureau of Meteorology website - Climate Data Online
Historical data available
amlr.waterdata.com.au
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Page 46 JN141105a
Table 4-2 : Summary of current outfall flow monitoring into the ACWS area
Number Name Current Flow Monitoring
Site Organisation Record Summary
1 Gawler River Yes A5050510 - Gawler River @ Virginia Park AMLR Flow: 1974-1989; 2000-2004; 2009-present
2 Thompson Ck, Smith Ck Yes A5051005 - Smith Creek @ Womma Rd City of Playford Flow: 2009-present
3 Helps Rd Drain, Adams Creek Yes A5051013 - Helps Road Drain downstream Sumner Rd, Bolivar
City of Salisbury
Flow: 2005-2006;2007-present
4 Little Para River Yes A5041006 - Little Para River downstream Port Wakefield Road
City of Salisbury
Flow: 2004-2006; 2007-2009; 2010-present
5 Dry & Cobbler Creeks Yes A5041053 - Dry Creek downstream Port Wakefield Road
City of Salisbury
Flow: 2013-present
6 Port Adelaide / Barker Inlet Yes
A5041009 - Barker Inlet Wetland @ Outlet #1 A5041017 - Barker Inlet Wetland @ Outlet #2 A5041025 - Range Wetland A5041025 - Magazine Wetland A5041016 - Kirkcaldy Wetland @ Nash St East Grange A5041041 - Port Road Drain upstream Old Port Road
AMLR
Flow: 2004-2006; 2007-present
Flow: 2004-present
Flow: 2009-present
Flow: 2009-present
Flow: 2004-present
Flow: 2011-present
7 Torrens River Yes A5041014 - Torrens River @ Seaview Road AMLR Flow: 2010-present
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JN141105a Page 47
Number Name Current Flow Monitoring
Site Organisation Record Summary
8 Patawalonga Basin Yes
A5041022 - Patawalonga Creek upstream Barcoo Outlet A5040583 - Brownhill Creek @ Adelaide Airport A5040549 - Sturt River downstream Anzac Highway
AMLR
Flow: 2010-present
Flow: 1994-present
Flow: 1993-present
9 Coastal catchment (9.1 to 9.10)
No
10 Waterfall Creek No
11 Field River Yes A5031010 - Field River upstream Mouth AMLR Flow: 2010-present
12 Christie Creek Yes A5030546 - Christie Creek downstream Galloway Road
AMLR Flow: 2001-present
13 Onkaparinga River Yes A5031005 - Onkaparinga River upstream Old Noarlunga
AMLR Flow: 2006-present
14 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Onkaparinga)
No
15 Coastal Catchment (Nth of Pedler Ck)
No
16 Pedler Creek Yes A5031009 - Pedler Creek upstream mouth AMLR Flow: 2010-present
17 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Pedler Ck)
No
18 Maslin Creek No
19 Coastal Catchment (Willunga Ck)
No
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Page 48 JN141105a
Number Name Current Flow Monitoring
Site Organisation Record Summary
20 Willunga Creek No
21 Aldinga Creek Yes A5031013 - Washpool Lagoon City of Onkaparinga
Flow: 2012-present
22 Sellicks Creek No
23 South Sellicks coastal catchment
No
* for major catchments where multiple monitoring sites occur on the same river, only the outfall monitoring site has been listed. Refer to Table 3-4
through to Table 3-16 for monitoring site lists in each catchment
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JN141105a Page 49
The monitoring of stormwater discharge into the ACWS area has additional importance due to the ability to
integrate the flow data with water quality data. Both flow and water quality data are required to determine
the pollutant loads delivered to the coast. Flow data can be used comparatively with the water quality data
to observe variations in the water quality concentration of the parameters for different flow events. When
real time water quality data is available, or water quality sample results obtained using flow proportional
composite sampling methods, the water quality and flow data can be combined to calculate the pollutant
load. This is important for assessing the impact of nutrients and other pollutants from stormwater in the
coastal environment. Water quality pollutant loads are discussed further in Sections 3 and 7 of the report.
Not all of the stormwater sources have flow monitoring programs operating. Where there is no monitoring
data available such as the coastal areas and stormwater drains, a rainfall runoff modelled flow has been
calculated to provide an indication of total stormwater discharge from these unmonitored sources into the
ACWS area.
4.1 Data compatibility across the ACWS area
The stormwater monitoring data is collected via several monitoring programs and by different stakeholders.
There is good justification for comparing and integrating the various data sets because of the common
methodology for flow monitoring. In each of the programs hydrometric monitoring stations are used to
provide a continuous record of flow. This methodology provides a flow data set including base-flow and
event peaks which enables the data to be compared with other parameters and neighbouring catchments.
4.2 Flow Data Gaps
Comparing the classification of the stormwater drainage systems with the locations of the hydrometric
monitoring stations reveals that all major catchments (classification 1.1) are monitored. The major creeks
(classification 1.2) are also all monitored except for Maslin and Willunga Creeks. There is no current flow
monitoring for stormwater drains or minor coastal catchments. There may be opportunity to include
monitoring of the stormwater drains in future programs.
Consideration should be given to how well the monitoring station data represents the stormwater input to
the ACWS area. This is primarily due to the position of the monitoring station in relation to the outfall
discharge point. The Gawler River @ Virginia Park is a particular monitoring point which could be further
investigated due to the Buckland Park Lake which must be filled before stormwater discharges to the gulf.
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 50 JN141105a
5 Flow Data Summary Hydrometric monitoring stations operating in the major catchments provide a verified flow data set for
stormwater discharging into the ACWS area. This enables the variation of flow in the major catchments to
be observed and facilitated the quantification of flows from gauged catchments.
It is also necessary to get an estimation of flows from un-gauged catchments is also required in order to get
the complete picture of stormwater impacts on the ACWS area.
5.1 Estimating Flows in Un-gauged Catchments
Despite marked improvements in data availability and targeted monitoring for known data-gaps within the
ACWS area several stormwater systems remain un-gauged.
An overview of un-gauged catchments in the ACWS region is presented in Figure 5-1.
This section addresses methodologies for filling data gaps using available flow and climate data.
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HoldfastBay
HallettCove
CurlewPoint
WittonBluff
RobinsonPoint
OchrePoint
IngleburneCreek
BlanchePoint
WillungaCreek
SellicksCreek
0 5,600 11,2002,800
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 5 - 1 : U n g a u g e d C a t c h m e n t sF i g u r e 5 - 1 : U n g a u g e d C a t c h m e n t sCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD17 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
z
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 52 JN141105a
5.1.1 Estimating Losses in Buckland Park Lake (Lower Gawler River)
Currently, monitoring of flow in the Gawler River is undertaken at A5050510 – Gawler River @ Virginia
which is located immediately upstream of Port Wakefield Road.
This location is sufficient for verifying water quality monitoring objectives, however prior to discharge to the
gulf, the Gawler River flows into the Buckland Park Lake system in Port Gawler.
The lake is of sufficient capacity that its hydrological impact on Gawler River’s coastal discharge should be
assessed.
An assessment of high resolution aerial photography determined that the lake has an at-capacity surface
area of 142.2ha (previous audit identified a surface area of 100ha). With an average depth of 0.75m (EPA
2005) the lake has an estimated capacity of 1.068GL (42% larger than capacity estimated in EPA 2005). The
aerial photography assessment also identified that the contributing unmonitored catchment downstream of
Port Wakefield Road is approximately 2749ha and consists primarily of cleared grazing land.
This is presented in Figure 5-2 below:
A daily flow, rainfall and evaporation water balance model was developed for the Buckland Park Lake system
based on the following data/assumptions:
Flow Inputs:
Flow input data at A5050510 – Gawler River @ Virginia from 1st January 1973 until 31st December
2014
o Note: Gawler River @ Virginia was inoperable or closed at various times throughout this
period. These data gaps were back-filled using correlation regression relationships to adjust
flows recorded at Gawler River Junction or North and South Para Rivers. The correlation
coefficients (R2) of these relationships were 0.97 and 0.89 respectively.
Rainfall Inputs:
Daily Recorded Rainfall at BOM Station 23083 – Edinburgh RAAF base from 1st January 1973 until
31st December 2014
Evaporation Inputs:
Average daily evaporation recorded at 23083 – Edinburgh RAAF with a pan factor of 0.85.
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!.
A5050510 :Gawler River
@ Virginia
0 1,400 2,800700
Meters
±
E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yE n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d yA d e l a i d e C o a s t a l W a t e r s S t u d y
S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5S t o r m w a t e r A u d i t 2 0 1 5F i g u r e 5 - 2 : B u c k l a n d P a r k M o d e lF i g u r e 5 - 2 : B u c k l a n d P a r k M o d e lCLIENT:
AUTHOR:
Job Number: JN141105a
EPA SA
Buckland Park LakeArea : 142.488haDepth (est.) : 0.75mVolume : 1068.66ML
Contributing CatchmentArea : 2749.921haRunoff Coefficient : 0.01
Rev. Drawing No. Description By Date01234
JN141105aD18 First Revision BHN 25/6/15
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Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 54 JN141105a
Model Assumptions:
Peak capacity of the Gawler River channel downstream of Port Wakefield Road is 10m3/s. All flows
in excess of 10m3/s are considered overbank spill which is ultimately discharged to the gulf.
Rainfall direct to the lake surface has a runoff coefficient of 1 (100% capture).
Rainfall to the contributing catchment (between Port Wakefield Road and Buckland Park Lake) is
0.01 (1% runoff).
Water held in Buckland Park Lake infiltrates into groundwater at a rate of 4mm/day.
Buckland Park Lake spills directly to the gulf when capacity of 1.068GL is exceeded.
Total flow to the gulf is the sum of spill from Buckland Park Lake and any overbank spill due to flow
rates in excess of 10m3/s.
The monthly modelled hydrographs are presented in Figure 5-3and Figure 5-4 below.
The annual results are presented in Table 5-1 below:
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JN141105a Page 55
Figure 5-3 : Buckland Park Modelled Flows – 1973-1994
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Mo
nth
ly F
low
(M
L)
Buckland Park Lake Model - 1973-1994
Flow at Virginia Buckland Park Lake Spill Overbank Spill
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■ ■ ■
Environment Protection Authority SA
Page 56 JN141105a
Figure 5-4 : Buckland Park Modelled Flows – 1995-2014
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Mo
nth
ly F
low
(M
L)
Buckland Park Lake Model - 1995-2014
Flow at Virginia Buckland Park Lake Spill Overbank Spill
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■ ■ ■
Environment Protection Authority SA
JN141105a Page 57
Table 5-1 : Buckland Park Model Result Summary
Flow at Gawler
Junction
Flow at Virginia Overbank Spill Net Gawler River
Input Average Annual Average Annual Average Annual Average Annual
Period (GL) (GL) (GL) (GL)
1973 - 1977 28.80 24.92 5.43 19.49
1978 - 1982 35.00 33.22 10.85 22.37
1983 - 1987 18.82 18.19 2.54 15.65
1988 - 1992 48.22 58.73 29.85 28.88
1993 - 1997 14.14 18.87 7.68 11.19
1998 - 2002 7.90 8.12 0.95 7.17
2003 - 2007 9.32 18.13 7.99 10.14
2008 - 2012 Site Closed 17.64 4.13 13.51
2013 - 2014 Site Closed 19.21 1.30 17.90
Local Rainfall Input Flows into
Buckland Park
(capped at 10m3)
Buckland Park Lake
Discharge
Total Gulf
Discharge
(Including
Overbank Spill)
Average Annual Average Annual Average Annual Average Annual
Period (GL) (GL) (GL) (GL)
1973 - 1977 6.20 25.69 18.28 23.71
1978 - 1982 11.60 33.96 21.34 32.19
1983 - 1987 3.32 18.98 14.33 16.87
1988 - 1992 30.60 59.49 27.52 57.37
1993 - 1997 8.35 19.54 10.15 17.83
1998 - 2002 1.66 8.84 6.16 7.10
2003 - 2007 8.67 18.81 8.87 16.86
2008 - 2012 4.88 18.39 12.24 16.37
2013 - 2014 2.03 19.93 16.53 17.83
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Page 58 JN141105a
5.1.2 Flows from the Holdfast and Coastal Patawalonga Catchments
Past studies have researched the flow characteristics of the stormwater drains within the Patawalonga
coastal catchments and produced methods for deriving catchment discharge based on rainfall data.
These studies quantified the proportions of pervious and impervious surfaces within key subcatchments
within the Patawalonga coastal subcatchments and provided methods for deriving flow from rainfall using
the defined catchment characteristics. The original studies are presented in Kinhill (1997), Brown and Root
(2001), Tonkin (1992).
The previous iteration of the ACWS (EPA 2005) collated and implemented these rainfall-runoff relationships
and included information more general information from Australian Rainfall and Runoff (1987) to fill data
gaps. This facilitated the estimation of average coastal discharge from these catchments based on average
annual rainfall.
The catchment parameters are summarised in Table 5-2 below.
It should be noted that where DCP/SP information is not available, the average VRC was adopted.
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JN141105a Page 59
Table 5-2 : Holdfast and Patawalonga Coastal Catchment Characteristics
Drain Number Street Name Catchment
Area (km2)
% Directly
Connected
Paved Area
%
Supplementary
Paved Area
Volumetric
Runoff
Coefficient
(% DCP) (% SP) VRC
15B Pier St 1.48 22.0 24.0 0.198
Broadway 0.96 - - 0.212*
Marine St 0.84 - - 0.212*
14C Harrow Rd 3.41 28.0 17.0 0.252
12 Wattle Ave 2.13 29.0 19.0 0.261
11 Edwards St 4.72 20.0 25.0 0.180
10 Young St 6 21.7 12.9 0.195
Marino 1.49 20.9 14.6 0.188
Other Drains+ 4.19 - - 0.212*
Total Average Average Average
25.22 23.60 18.75 0.212 * Average VRC applied in absence of other data
+ Other Drains are catchments with an area less than 0.5km
2 and include Downing St Hove, Jetty Rd Brighton and
Wheatland St Seacliff
Source: EPA (2005), Kinhill (1997), Brown and Root (2001)
This enabled for annual estimates of flow from each subcatchment to be calculated using rainfall data
recorded at the BOM weather station 2304 – Adelaide Airport. This data is presented in Table 5-3 and Table
5-4 below.
Table 5-3 : Annual Total Rainfall - 2304 – Adelaide Airport – 2005-2014
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 10 Year
Mean
10 Year
Median
Rainfall
(mm) 473.4 234.6 386.6 292 380.4 491.6 444.2 414.8 432.2 412 396 413
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Page 60 JN141105a
Table 5-4 : Patawalonga Coastal Catchments - Estimated Annual Catchment Discharge
Total Estimated Flow (ML)
Drain Number
Street Name 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
15B Pier St 138.7 68.7 113.3 85.6 111.5 144.1
Broadway 96.5 47.8 78.8 59.5 77.6 100.2
Marine St 84.5 41.9 69.0 52.1 67.9 87.7
14C Harrow Rd 406.8 201.6 332.2 250.9 326.9 422.4
12 Wattle Ave 263.2 130.4 214.9 162.3 211.5 273.3
11 Edwards St 402.2 199.3 328.5 248.1 323.2 417.7
10 Young St 554.7 274.9 453.0 342.2 445.8 576.1
Marino 132.7 65.8 108.4 81.8 106.6 137.8
Other Drains 421.3 208.8 344.1 259.9 338.5 437.5
Total Estimated Flow (ML)
Drain Number
Street Name 2011 2012 2013 2014
10 Year Average
10 Year Median
15B Pier St 130.2 121.6 126.7 120.7 116.1 121.1
Broadway 90.6 84.6 88.1 84.0 80.8 84.3
Marine St 79.3 74.0 77.1 73.5 70.7 73.8
14C Harrow Rd 381.7 356.4 371.4 354.0 340.4 355.2
12 Wattle Ave 246.9 230.6 240.3 229.0 220.2 229.8
11 Edwards St 377.4 352.4 367.2 350.0 336.6 351.2
10 Young St 520.5 486.1 506.5 482.8 464.2 484.4
Marino 124.5 116.3 121.1 115.5 111.0 115.9
Other Drains 395.3 369.2 384.6 366.7 352.6 367.9
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JN141105a Page 61
5.1.3 Southern Catchments
Limited flow records exist for the catchments of the ACWS area south of Hallett Cove.
A summary of gauged and un-gauged catchments is presented in Table 5-5 below.
Table 5-5 : Summary of gauged and un-gauged southern catchments
Un-gauged Catchments Gauged Catchments
Catchment Name Catchment Area (km2)
Catchment Name Catchment Area (km2)
Hallett Cove 9.561 Field River 55.167
Curlew Point 4.164 Christie Creek 37.681
Witton Bluff 4.723 Onkaparinga River 553.978
Robinson Point 5.051 Pedler Creek 105.955
Ochre Point 7.532 Silver Sands 48.744
Ingleburne Creek 34.28
Blanche Point 4.646
Willunga Creek 30.247
Sellicks Creek 6.53
The 2005 ACWS Stormwater Audit (EPA 2005) used flows recorded at Pedler Creek and scaled it based on
catchment areas of all southern catchments.
This approach is a sound method for estimating flows in un-gauged catchments in the absence of other
available data, however rather than only using Pedler Creek data, this audit assigns individual catchments to
gauged catchments based on spatial proximity and/or hydrological similarity.
The assessment was undertaken using aerial photography and is presented in Table 5-6 below.
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Table 5-6 : Southern Un-gauged Catchment Assignments
Catchment Name Catchment Area (km2)
Assigned Gauged Catchment
Hallett Cove 9.561 Field River
Curlew Point 4.164 Field River
Witton Bluff 4.723 Christie Creek
Robinson Point 5.051 Christie Creek
Ochre Point 7.532 Pedler Creek
Ingleburne Creek 34.28 Pedler Creek
Blanche Point 4.646 Pedler Creek
Willunga Creek 30.247 Pedler Creek
Sellicks Creek 6.53 Pedler Creek
It should be noted that the Silver Sands catchment is likely to be similar in runoff characteristics to the
Sellicks and Willunga Creek catchments however its hydrological characteristics are substantially different to
its surrounding catchments in that outfall is controlled by Washpool Lagoon.
Similarly, the size and hydrology of the Onkaparinga catchment and its estuaries makes it unsuitable for
estimating flows in nearby catchments.
The Annual catchment yield (ML/km2) for each of the relevant gauged catchments is presented in Table 5-7
below.
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Table 5-7 : Southern Catchments - Recorded Catchment Yields
Field River Christie Creek Pedler Creek
Year Discharge Catchment
Yield Discharge Catchment
Yield Discharge Catchment
Yield
ML ML/km2 ML ML/km2 ML ML/km2
2005 3391.70 61.48 3609.77 95.80 2174.04 20.52
2006 947.47 17.17 939.39 24.93 26.57 0.25
2007 2305.15 41.78 1493.82 39.64 392.27 3.70
2008 1652.41 29.95 1066.61 28.31 165.87 1.57
2009 No Data No Data 1315.88 34.92 1511.96 14.27
2010 6113.20 110.81 3169.64 84.12 4012.59 37.87
2011 4698.98 85.18 2496.30 66.25 366.16 3.46
2012 7203.29 130.57 2825.25 74.98 2461.49 23.23
2013 5683.28 103.02 2733.35 72.54 2020.83 19.07
2014 3061.34 55.49 1512.19 40.13 232.56 2.19
Mean 3895.20 70.61 2116.22 56.16 1336.43 12.61
Median 3391.70 61.48 2004.24 53.19 952.12 8.99
Using the above methodology, estimated catchment flows for un-gauged catchments could be derived and
are presented below
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Table 5-8 : Southern Catchments – Estimated Annual Flows
Catchment Name
Hallett Cove
Curlew Point
Witton Bluff
Robinson Point
Ochre Point
Ingleburne Creek
Blanche Point
Willunga Creek
Sellicks Creek Total
Area (km2) 9.561 4.164 4.723 5.051 7.532 34.280 4.646 30.247 6.530 106.734
Year Estimated Flow Volume (ML)
2005 587.8 256.0 452.5 483.9 154.5 703.4 95.3 620.6 134.0 3488.0
2006 164.2 71.5 117.7 125.9 1.9 8.6 1.2 7.6 1.6 500.3
2007 399.5 174.0 187.2 200.2 27.9 126.9 17.2 112.0 24.2 1269.1
2008 286.4 124.7 133.7 143.0 11.8 53.7 7.3 47.4 10.2 818.1
2009 No Data No Data 164.9 176.4 107.5 489.2 66.3 431.6 93.2 1529.1
2010 1059.5 461.4 397.3 424.9 285.2 1298.2 175.9 1145.5 247.3 5495.2
2011 814.4 354.7 312.9 334.6 26.0 118.5 16.1 104.5 22.6 2104.2
2012 1248.4 543.7 354.1 378.7 175.0 796.4 107.9 702.7 151.7 4458.6
2013 985.0 429.0 342.6 366.4 143.7 653.8 88.6 576.9 124.5 3710.4
2014 530.6 231.1 189.5 202.7 16.5 75.2 10.2 66.4 14.3 1336.6
Mean 675.1 294.0 265.3 283.7 95.0 432.4 58.6 381.5 82.4 2567.9
Median 587.8 256.0 251.2 268.7 67.7 308.0 41.7 271.8 58.7 2111.7
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5.2 Flow Totals, Distribution and Seasonality
The recorded flow data outlined in Section 4 coupled with the estimated flow discussed in Section 5.1
completes the picture for assessment of flows into the ACWS Area.
This information is presented in Table 5-9 below and summarises all recorded and estimated flow data
within the ACWS Area.
It should be noted that if methodology for flow estimation has been updated (as discussed in Sections 4 and
5.1), the updated data for 1995-2004 is presented, however if methodology is unchanged, the original
values are presented.
The table also outlines catchment yields based on the effective catchment areas (as outlined in Section 3.3).
The information is also summarised in Figure 5-5. .
The information shows an overall increase catchment yield across the combined ACWS region of
approximately 17% when comparing the 10 year average from 1995-2004 and 2005-2014 (which includes
environmental flows).
Given that the average rainfall in the period between 1995 and 2004 was 569mm and was 500mm in for the
period between 2005 and 2014 (a 12% reduction), increases in catchment must be attributed to
hydrological changes in the catchments. This is likely to be due in part to increased development in the
catchments (particularly in the Smith Creek and Barker Inlet catchments) but can also be partly accounted
for by the targeted flow releases associated with the Environmental Flow and Torrens Water Quality
Improvement Programs. Section 5.2.1 provides more detail on catchments affected by targeted releases
and quantifies the impacts of these releases on the catchment yield data.
The data shows substantial localised decreases in 10 year average catchment yields in the Patawalonga
Catchment, the Patawalonga Coastal Catchment, Christies Creek, and Pedler Creek.
It is likely that this reduction is partly attributable to reduced rainfall within the catchments however
stormwater retention/treatment development has clearly had a positive impact, particularly in the
Patawalonga catchment.
The recorded annual flow and rainfall data that was used for this assessment is presented graphically in
Figure 5-6 through to Figure 5-9.
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Table 5-9 : Summary of Average Recorded and Estimated Flow Volumes (Including Environmental Flows)
Effective Catchment Area (km2)
Mean Annual
Flow 20yr (GL)
Catchment Yield (mm)
Mean Annual Flow
1995-2004 (GL)
Catchment Yield (mm)
Mean Annual Flow
2005-2014 (GL)
Catchment Yield (mm)
Increase/Decrease in Catchment
Yield
Gawler River (to Sea) 1, 3 883 10.90 12.34 10.16 11.50 11.64 13.18 15%
Smith Creek 2 205.6 0.63 3.05 0.38 1.83 0.88 4.27 133
Barker Inlet (9 sites) 407.8 13.28 32.56 7.88 19.33 18.67 45.78 137%
Torrens River 2, 3 218.5 24.47 111.98 22.51 103.00 26.43 120.96 17%
Patawalonga Catchment 212.4 14.64 68.93 18.61 87.64 10.67 50.23 -43%
Coastal Catchment 1 25.2 2.25 89.09 2.40 95.13 2.09 83.04 -13%
Field River 2 36.2 3.62 100.00 3.00 82.88 3.90 107.60 30%
Christies Creek 37.8 2.20 58.15 2.36 62.47 2.12 55.98 -10%
Onkaparinga River (lower) 3
138.7 12.39 89.36 11.90 85.80 12.89 92.91 8%
Pedler Creek 2 106 1.40 13.20 1.53 14.39 1.34 12.61 -12%
Southern Creeks 1 106.7 2.39 22.36 2.30 21.56 2.47 23.16 7%
Silver Sands (Washpool Lagoon)
48.7 0.50 10.31 - - 0.50 10.31 N/A
TOTAL 2426.6 86.06 35.47 79.28 32.67 92.85 38.26 17% 1 Data estimated using methodologies outlined in Section 5.1
2 Data from upstream station used for periods prior to outfall station operation
3 Data includes environmental/amenity flow releases. See Section 5.2.1 for more information.
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Figure 5-5 : Mean Annual Flow Volumes
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
FLO
W (
GL)
Catchment / Monitoring Site
ACWS Area - Mean Annual Flows
Mean Flow 20yr
Mean Flow 1995-2004
Mean Flow 2005-2014
ACWS Mean Annual Flow 1995 - 2014 : 86.06ML/a ACWS Mean Annual Flow 1995 - 2004 : 79.28ML/a ACWS Mean Annual Flow 2005 - 2014 : 92.85ML/a
* Includes Environmental/Amenity Flow releases. See Section 5.2.1 for more information.
■
■
■
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Figure 5-6 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Northern Catchments
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Rai
nfa
ll To
tal (
mm
)
Tota
l Flo
w (
GL)
Year
Annual Flow Total - Northern Catchment Gauging Stations
Gawler River @ Virginia* Smith Creek @ Womma Rd Helps Drain d/s Sumner Rd
Little Para River d/s Pt Wakefield Rd Dry Creek @ Bridge Road Total Flow Northern Catchments*
Rainfall Total
* Data includes Environmental Flow releases. See Section 5.2.1 for more information.
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Figure 5-7 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Port Adelaide and Barker Catchments
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Rai
nfa
ll To
tal (
mm
)
Tota
l Flo
w (
GL)
Year
Annual Flow Total - Port Adelaide and Barker Inlet Gauging Stations
Kirkcaldy Wetland Port Rd Drain u/s Old Port Rd
Magazine Wetland Range Wetland
Barker Inlet Wetland Outlet #1 Barker Inlet Wetland Outlet #2
Total Flow Port Adelaide Catchments and Barker Inlet Rainfall Total
-c:::::::J
c::::J
.......
-c:::::::J --
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Figure 5-8 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Torrens and Patawalonga Catchments
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Rai
nfa
ll To
tal (
mm
)
Tota
l Flo
w (
GL)
Year
Annual Flow Total - Torrens River and Patawalonga System Gauging Stations
Torrens River @ Seaview Rd* Brownhill Creek @ Adelaide Airport
Sturt River d/s Anzac Highway Patawalonga Creek U/S Barcoo Outlet
Total Flow Torrens and Patawalonga Catchments* Rainfall Total
* Data includes Environmental/Amenity Flow releases. See Section 5.2.1 for more information.
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Figure 5-9 : Recorded Flow and Rainfall – ACWS Southern Catchments
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Rai
nfa
ll To
tal (
mm
)
Tota
l Flo
w (
GL)
Year
Annual Flow Total - Southern Catchment Gauging Stations
Field River u/s Mouth Christies Creek d/s Galloway Rd Onkaparinga River u/s Old Noarlunga*
Pedler Creek u/s mouth Washpool Lagoon Total Flow Southern Catchments*
Rainfall Total
* Data includes Environmental Flow releases. See Section 5.2.1 for more information.
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5.2.1 Accounting for Environmental and Amenity Flows
On 20 October 2005, the Minister for Environment and Conservation prescribed the surface water,
watercourses and underground water of the western Mount Lofty Ranges and under the Natural Resources
Management Act 2004, once a resource has been prescribed a water allocation plan must be prepared.
The Western Mount Lofty Ranges Water Allocation Plan (WMLR WAP) specifies the requirement to provide
environmental flows downstream of SA Water metropolitan supply reservoirs in reaches that have been
identified on the basis of riparian and aquatic value and potential for improvement with increased flows.
The reaches identified were:
1. Barossa Diversion Weir to Gawler (South Para River)
2. Gumeracha Weir to Kangaroo Creek Reservoir (River Torrens)
3. Gorge Weir to Torrens Lake (River Torrens), and
4. Clarendon Weir to Estuary (Onkaparinga River)
Of the four target reaches, reaches 1, 3 and 4 directly impact the ACWS area.
A short Environmental Flow trial commenced in June 2006, however it was abandoned in October 2006 due
to the onset of drought conditions. No environmental flow delivery data is available for this brief trial
period.
The trial recommenced in November 2011 and continued through to the end of the 2014 ACWS reporting
period.
In addition to the Environmental Flows program, flows have also been delivered to the Torrens Lake as part
of the Torrens Water Quality Improvement Program (TWQIP).
Table 3-3 in Section 3.2 summarises all recorded targeted releases delivered to the reaches over the
reporting period. It excludes the environmental flow trials in 2006 as accounting data is not available for
these trials.
The data presented in Table 3-3 represents the total volume of water delivered from the SA Water storage
at the top of the target reach, however it does not represent the actual volume of water discharged to the
ACWS area as a result of these flows.
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Analysis of the timeseries data available for these releases enabled the determination of average reach
attenuation percentages (system losses) and travel times for targeted releases where no other catchment
inputs occurred.
This attenuation and travel time information was then used in conjunction with the accounted release data
from SA Water storages to estimate the total flow discharged to the ACWS region as a result of targeted
environmental and/or amenity flow releases.
The estimated environmental/amenity flows delivered to the ACWS area between 2011 and 2014 are
summarised in Table 5-10, Table 5-11 and Table 5-12 below.
Table 5-10 : Estimated Annual Environmental Flows Delivered via the Onkaparinga Estuary
Onkaparinga River
Year Total Released Environmental
Flow (ML)
Estimated Environmental
Flow to Gulf (ML)
Natural Flow to Gulf (ML)
Total Flow to Gulf (ML)
2011 119.8 32.5 4655.5 4687.9
2012 9283.0 7607.9 10820.8 18428.7
2013 7584.8 6109.6 10219.4 16329.0
2014 10179.8 7672.5 17120.6 24793.1
Table 5-11 : Estimated Annual Environmental/Amenity Flows Delivered via the Torrens mouth
River Torrens
Year Total Released Environmental
Flow (ML)
Estimated Environmental
Flow to Gulf (ML)
Natural Flow to Gulf (ML)
Total Flow to Gulf (ML)
2011 119.8 32.5 4655.5 4687.9
2012 9283.0 7607.9 10820.8 18428.7
2013 7584.8 6109.6 10219.4 16329.0
2014 10179.8 7672.5 17120.6 24793.1
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Table 5-12 : Estimated Annual Environmental Flows Delivered via Buckland Park Wetland
Gawler River
Year Total Released Environmental
Flow (ML)
Estimated Environmental
Flow to Gulf (ML)
Natural Flow to Gulf (ML)
Total Flow to Gulf1 (ML)
2011 119.8 32.5 4655.5 4687.9
2012 9283.0 7607.9 10820.8 18428.7
2013 7584.8 6109.6 10219.4 16329.0
2014 10179.8 7672.5 17120.6 24793.1 1 Data estimated using methodologies outlined in Section 5.1
The estimated flow data sets with environmental and amenity flows removed were used to re-calculate the
changes in catchment yields between the 1995-2004 period and the 2005-2014 period for catchments
affected by engineered flow releases.
This information is presented in Table 5-13 below and demonstrates that whilst the Environmental Flows
program and the Torrens Water Quality Improvement Program in the River Torrens and Gawler River were
partially responsible for the increase in catchment yield for these catchments, the majority of the measured
increases are directly attributable to increased catchment runoff despite the 12% reduction in mean annual
rainfall between the 1995-2004 period and the 2005-2014 period.
In contrast to this however, the Environmental Flows delivered to the ACWS area via the Onkaparinga River
substantially increased the measurable catchment yield. When the engineered flows were removed from
the dataset, a reduction in mean annual catchment yield of 10% was observed between the 1995-2004
period and the 2005-2014 period, which is consistent with the 12% reduction in mean annual rainfall over
the same period.
The total average annual flow from the catchments presented in Table 5-9 during the 2005-2014 period that
is not attributable to engineered flow programs was 90.12GL in comparison to 79.28GL for the 1995-2004
period. This represents an increase in average annual catchment yield of 13.7% between the two periods
which can be attributed primarily to increases in catchment runoff.
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Table 5-13 : Effect of Environmental Flows on changes in Catchment Yield
Mean Annual Flow
1995-2004 (GL)
Mean Annual Flow
2005-2014 (inc.
Environmental Flows) (GL)
Mean Annual Flow
2005-2014 (ex.
Environmental Flows) 2 (GL)
Change in Catchment Yield
including Environmental
Flows
Change in Catchment
Yield excluding Environmental
Flows 2
Gawler River (via Buckland Park) 1 10.16 11.64 11.58 15% 14%
Torrens River (via Mouth)
22.51 26.43 25.90 17% 15%
Onkaparinga River (via Estuary)
11.90 12.89 10.74 8% -10%
1 Data estimated using methodologies outlined in Section 5.1
2 Environmental flows discharged to ACWS area estimated based on methodology outlined in Section 5.2.1
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6 Availability of Water Quality Data Stormwater quality discharging into the ACWS area is currently measured using four techniques.
Real time water quality concentration data is provided through installation of onsite water quality sensors
such as Turbidity and EC. In situ field measurements and water quality profiles may be undertaken with
hand held portable water quality meters. Grab samples are collected in-situ and analysed at a laboratory.
The majority of hydrometric monitoring stations in the ACWS catchments serve an additional function of
monitoring water quality through the Flow Proportional Composite Sampling methodology.
A flow weighted mean concentration for the water quality parameters analysed is produced by this
methodology. Successful implementation of this method requires the monitoring instrumentation to
continually measure the flow rate and totalise the flow with time. Once the desired sample increment is
reached (e.g. 2ML of flow), the automated water sampler instrument is initiated to collect a 500mL sample.
The flow total is reset and begins accumulating the flow until the increment is reached again and the next
sample is collected, thus continuing the process. All samples are combined in a single tub to produce a flow
weighted composite sample. This sample is analysed at a laboratory for the monitoring parameters of the
project and represents the mean flow weighted concentration.
As the water quality result is proportional to the corresponding flow results, the data can be combined to
calculate water quality pollutant loads. This is the total mass of a pollutant flowing through the stormwater
in the monitoring timeframe.
In the ACWS catchments, the monitoring stations were originally set up by a variety of organisations. This
resulted in variation in monitoring parameters observed across the region. AMLR operate the majority of
flow proportional composite sampling equipment and have standardised the water quality monitoring into
two tiers: End of Catchment Monitoring (Outfall Sites) and Water Quality Monitoring sites (sites within the
catchment). Sampling frequency is consistent across both tiers of sites with the water quality analysis
parameters being the only difference.
Water Quality Sites are analysed for Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Turbidity, Suspended Solids, Total
Phosphorus, TKN and NOx.
End of Catchment (Outfall) Sites are analysed for Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Turbidity, Suspended
Solids, Total Phosphorus, TKN, NOx, Copper, Lead and Zinc
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Each of the organisations listed in Table 6-1 are conducting their monitoring programs to collect data for
measurement against their water quality objectives. A benefit of the flow proportional composite sampling
method being utilised across the catchment outfalls in the ACWS area is that the data collected can be
compared and measured against multiple objectives including those of the ACWS.
When applying the water quality monitoring results from the different programs to investigate the impact
to the ACWS area, it is important to recognise that not all catchments are monitored and therefore the total
pollutant load entering the ACWS area is greater than the measured pollutant load from the monitoring
networks.
Many of the hydrometric monitoring stations have water quality data sets with a period of record spanning
more than 10 years. These long term stations are important references for catchment characteristics and
catchment changes. The long term data sets can be utilised for trend analysis to observe the long term
variation in the water quality and identify the successful implementation of catchment management
strategies and changes in the water quality characteristics of the catchment. Table 6-2 displays the period of
record for the Outfall monitoring stations in each ACWS catchment and the responsible monitoring
organisation.
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Table 6-1 : Water Quality Monitoring Programs
ORGANISATION Natural Resources
Adelaide & Mt Lofty
Ranges
SA Water EPA Local Councils
City of Salisbury
City of Playford
STATUS Current Current Current and Historical
projects
Current event based
sampling / Historical
composite sampling
Project
Descriptions
Surface water
monitoring network -
Outfall Flow and
Catchment
monitoring
Flow and Composite
Sampler Monitoring
Network
Aquatic Ecosystem
monitoring including
riparian survey and
condition reporting-
current
Surface Water Flow
and Composite
Sample Monitoring -
Historical
Stormwater
Monitoring Programs
Reason for
monitoring:
To meet NRM
reporting objectives,
stormwater
investigations and
environmental
monitoring projects
Water supply
operation - quantity
and quality
monitoring
Stormwater
investigation projects
– Historical Barker
Wetlands / Port River
composite sampling
Monitoring projects
to meet
environmental
targets
Monitoring
Methodology
Flow proportional
composite sampling
Flow proportional
composite sampling
In-situ Site
measurements.
Historical flow
proportional
composite sampling
Flow proportional
composite sampling
and event based
sampling.
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ORGANISATION Natural Resources
Adelaide & Mt Lofty
Ranges
SA Water EPA Local Councils
City of Salisbury
City of Playford
Number Sites,
Parameters,
Length of record
32 WQ monitoring
sites, 21 current,
median record length
9 years
1 current WQ
monitoring site,
record length 26
years
4 historical flow
monitoring sites,
median record length
3 years, Note other
sites transferred to
AMLR
Salisbury 3 current
sites, median record
length 4 years
Playford 9 historical
sites, median record
length 1 years
Data Location AMLR website -
public data
www.amlr.waterdata.
com.au
Catchment
monitoring data
publicly available as
link on AMLR website
Data archive of
Reservoir at SAW
EPA database.
Historical composite
sampling on AMLR
website
www.amlr.waterdata.
com.au
AMLR website -
public data
www.amlr.waterdata.
com.au
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Table 6-2 : Summary of current water quality monitoring into the ACWS area
Number Name Current WQ Monitoring
Site Organisation Record Summary
1 Gawler River Yes A5050510 - Gawler River @ Virginia Park AMLR WQ: 2009-present
2 Thompson Ck, Smith Ck Yes A5051005 - Smith Creek @ Womma Rd City of
Playford WQ: 2009-2012
3 Helps Rd, Adams Creek Yes A5051013 - Helps Drain downstream Sumner Rd, Bolivar
City of Salisbury
WQ: 2007-present, event based
4 Little Para River Yes A5041006 - Little Para River downstream Port Wakefield Road
City of Salisbury
WQ: 2004-present event based.
5 Dry & Cobbler Creeks Yes A5041053 - Dry Creek downstream Port Wakefield Road
City of Salisbury
WQ: 2014-present, event based.
6 Port Adelaide / Barker Inlet Yes
A5041009 - Barker Inlet Wetland @ Outlet #1 A5041017 - Barker Inlet Wetland @ Outlet #2 A5041025 - Range Wetland A5041025 - Magazine Wetland A5041016 - Kirkcaldy Wetland @ Nash St East Grange A5041041 - Port Road Drain upstream Old Port Road
AMLR
WQ:2004-present WQ:2004-present WQ:2009-present WQ:2009-present WQ:2004-present WQ:2011-present
7 Torrens River Yes A5041014 - Torrens River @ Seaview Road AMLR WQ:2011-present
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Number Name Current WQ Monitoring
Site Organisation Record Summary
8 Patawalonga Basin Yes
A5041022 - Patawalonga Creek upstream Barcoo Outlet A5040583 - Brownhill Creek @ Adelaide Airport A5040549 - Sturt River downstream Anzac Highway
AMLR
No WQ WQ:1994-present WQ:1997-present
9 Coastal catchment (9.1 to 9.10)
No
10 Waterfall Creek No
11 Field River Yes A5031010 - Field River upstream Mouth AMLR WQ:2010-present
12 Christie Creek Yes A5030546 - Christie Creek downstream Galloway Road
AMLR WQ:2001-present
13 Onkaparinga River Yes A5031005 - Onkaparinga River upstream Old Noarlunga
AMLR WQ:2010-present
14 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Onkaparinga)
No
15 Coastal Catchment (Nth of Pedler Ck)
No
16 Pedler Creek Yes A5031009 - Pedler Creek upstream mouth AMLR WQ:2010-present
17 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Pedler Ck)
No
18 Maslin Creek No
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Number Name Current WQ Monitoring
Site Organisation Record Summary
19 Coastal Catchment (Willunga Ck)
No
20 Willunga Creek No
21 Aldinga Creek Yes A5031013 - Washpool Lagoon City of
Onkaparinga WQ: EC monitoring only.
22 Sellicks Creek No
23 South Sellicks coastal catchment
No
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6.1 Water Quality Data compatibility across the ACWS area
The dominant method for water quality monitoring in the ACWS catchments is the Flow Proportional
Composite sample method. Laboratory sample analysis is undertaken at Australian Water Quality Centre in
Adelaide and there is consistency in the sample analysis parameters across the catchment outfalls and
different monitoring agencies. Specifically all monitoring programs include at minimum the ACWS target
parameters turbidity and nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus). This consistency between monitoring
programs has enabled the ACWS stormwater quality data set to be compiled and analysed.
Water Quality data in the ACWS area has become more available:
Spatially through increased number of monitoring stations
In quantity through installation of in-situ water quality probes for turbidity and EC
The modern water quality advances have enabled real time water quality monitoring probes to be installed
at the hydrometric stations. Data produce from these sensors displays the variation of the water quality
with flow and peaks in the water quality can be detected and the corresponding time and flow rate. Current
water quality parameters monitored in real time in the ACWS catchments include turbidity, EC and
temperature.
6.2 Water Quality Data Gaps
All of the major catchments have current flow proportional composite sampling instrumentation installed
and operating as part of the AMLR monitoring network. Since 2012 the monitoring programs operated by
City of Salisbury and City of Playford in the major creeks in the north have been reduced for water quality
sampling but have had in situ turbidity probes installed for continuous monitoring. There is no turbidity or
nutrient monitoring in the catchments south of Pedler Creek nor in any of the Coastal Catchment
stormwater drains.
The 2005 EPA report discussed a small data set of pesticide sample analysis results from 1978 to 1997. The
samples were collected on the major rivers with many of the results observing non detections for
pesticides. These results are not matched with corresponding flow and rainfall data to identify what the
catchment conditions may have been for the instances where a positive pesticide result did occur. Pesticide
monitoring is a current gap in the monitoring programs of most organisations primarily due to the analysis
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costs. Catchment wide pesticide sampling on a regular basis would be cost prohibitive. Pesticides were
identified in the report as a small contributor to sea grass loss therefore a more informed understanding of
the distribution of pesticides in stormwater would be required to determine where sea grass communities
are most at risk from pesticides and where water quality improvement strategies are best targeted.
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7 Summary of Water Quality Data This report investigates the Suspended Solids, Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentration monitoring results as
they a primary indication of potentially detrimental conditions for sea grass health.
The installation of the outfall flow proportional composite sample stations in the major catchments
identified in the previous audit report occurred in 2008-2009. Prior to this the majority of automated
sampling was undertaken in the upper catchments producing a good historical water quality monitoring
record. The EPA installed the network of Barker Inlet monitoring stations in 2004. Specifically the current
end of catchment monitoring sites for the three largest rivers, the Torrens River, Gawler River and
Onkaparinga River were not operating during 2005-2008 therefore the following reporting will be based on
the data 2009-2014.
Combining the flow proportional composite sample analysis results with the corresponding flow data at the
monitoring stations enables the mass pollutant load to be determined. Observed in the tables below are
the annual pollutant loads for Total Nitrogen (Table 7-1), Total Phosphorus (Table 7-2) and Total Suspended
Solids (Table 7-3) for each of the end of catchment monitoring stations.
As discussed in Section 6, the water quality composition of the stormwater discharging into the ACWS area
is reported only for catchments with monitoring stations. It has not be estimated or modelled for other
catchments without water quality monitoring data. The total pollutant loads entering the entire ACWS area
are therefore higher than the total pollutant loads determined from the monitoring stations.
In the six years 2009 to 2014 the mass of Total Nitrogen discharging into the ACWS area was 895.3T at an
average of 149 T/year. The Torrens River contributed 30% of the Total Nitrogen pollutant load followed by
the Gawler River (26%), Onkaparinga River (10%) and Barker Inlet Wetland Outlet #1 (9%). The Gawler River
had very low flow in 2012 compared to the other five years of monitoring which reduced its pollutant load
compared to the Torrens and Onkaparinga which observed Environmental Flow releases during this time.
The mass of Total Phosphorus discharged into the ACWS area between 2009 and 2014 was 85.5T at an
average of 14.2T/year. The catchment with the highest percentage contribution was the Gawler River (27%).
Torrens River Catchment contributed 20%, Barker Inlet Wetland Outlet #1 15% and the Onkaparinga River
catchment (7%).
Stormwater discharge between 2009-2014 produced a Total Suspended Solids pollutant load of 24800T
with an average of 4140T/year. The significant catchment contributions to this quantity were the Torrens
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River (36%), Gawler River (13%) Onkaparinga River (7%) and Barker Inlet Wetland Outlet #1 (15%).
The Outfalls of the major rivers are evenly distributed in the North (Gawler River), central (Torrens River)
and South (Onkaparinga River) parts of the ACWS area. This geography results in a pollutant distribution
across the whole ACWS area rather than a localised input from a major source. Figure 7-1, Figure 7-2 and
Figure 7-3 display the respective pollutant loads discharged each year for Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus
and Total Suspended Solids including the contributions of each monitored catchment. The total pollutant
load discharging into the ACWS area is greater than the displayed results due to the inputs from
unmonitored catchments.
As part of improvements to water quality monitoring methods, turbidity sensors have been installed at
some of the monitoring stations. As the data sets expand, the variation in turbidity through different flow
conditions will be able to be observed. This will provided valuable information to investigate at what flow
rates or prevailing catchment conditions the peak turbidity concentrations occur and the time it takes for
the turbidity to return to baseline concentrations.
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Table 7-1 : Measured Total Annual Nitrogen Loads 2005-2014
TOTAL NITROGEN ANNUAL LOAD (Tonnes)
Gaw
ler
Riv
er
@
Vir
gin
ia
Smit
h C
k @
Wo
mm
a R
d
He
lps
Dra
in d
/s
Sum
ne
r R
d
Litt
le P
ara
Riv
er
d/s
Pt
Wak
efi
eld
Rd
Dry
Ck
U/S
Salis
bu
ry H
wy
Bar
ker
Inle
t
We
tlan
d #
1
Bar
ker
Inle
t
We
tlan
d #
2
Ran
ge W
etl
and
Mag
azin
e W
etl
and
Po
rt R
d D
rain
u/s
Old
Po
rt R
d
Kir
kcal
dy
We
tlan
d
Torr
en
s R
ive
r @
Seav
iew
Rd
Bro
wn
hill
Ck
@
Ad
ela
ide
Air
po
rt
Stu
rt R
ive
r d
/s
An
zac
Hw
y
Fie
ld R
ive
r u
/s
Mo
uth
Ch
rist
ie C
k d
/s
Gal
low
ay
Rd
On
kap
arin
ga R
ive
r
u/s
Old
No
arlu
nga
Pe
dle
r C
k u
/s
Mo
uth
TOTA
L*
2005 3.782 0.765 30.021 7.989 1.838 1.86 102.281 0.648 2.928 5.442 3.027 160.6
2006 0.335 0.32 4.002 3.39 1.09 0.726 16.896 4.144 0.645 1.34 0.019 32.9
2007 5.816 1.512 0.672 30.584 4.57 1.743 1.899 0.411 47.2
2008 0.59 0.123 22.345 5.434 0.53 0.297 17.655 3.646 1.896 1.094 1.652 0.11 55.4
2009 30.678 0.351 0.821 10.863 2.151 0.079 0.046 1.043 36.58 5.737 3.865 2.163 94.4
2010 80.939 6.024 2.117 1.371 11.575 3.165 0.271 1.31 1.855 60.475 9.611 12.056 9.935 4.768 29.698 1.983 237.2
2011 26.112 6.571 1.082 1.304 8.884 10.237 1.535 0.326 4.401 0.37 1.495 37.717 0.941 5.517 7.563 2.572 3.919 0.352 120.9
2012 5.512 0.281 23.83 2.961 0.916 3.219 0.908 1.259 34.552 3.503 7.008 10.659 4.331 16.519 2.605 118.1
2013 58.464 8.916 16.277 1.93 0.463 2.144 1.037 1.745 49.586 1.091 6.189 10.24 3.162 18.222 2.292 181.8
2014 32.099 4.103 6.842 1.834 1.524 7.139 1.227 1.008 50.165 1.124 5.67 5.052 1.669 23.331 0.254 143
= Data from Upstream Station prior to commissioning of outfall Station
2009-2014 Total 895.3
*The Total Nitrogen Annual Load entering the ACWS area is higher than the observed totals due to unmonitored catchments.
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Table 7-2 : Measured Total Annual Phosphorus Loads 2005-2014
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS ANNUAL LOAD (Tonnes)
Gaw
ler
Riv
er
@
Vir
gin
ia
Smit
h C
k @
Wo
mm
a R
d
He
lps
Dra
in d
/s
Sum
ne
r R
d
Litt
le P
ara
Riv
er
d/s
Pt
Wak
efi
eld
Rd
Dry
Ck
U/S
Salis
bu
ry H
wy
Bar
ker
Inle
t
We
tlan
d #
1
Bar
ker
Inle
t
We
tlan
d #
2
Ran
ge W
etl
and
Mag
azin
e W
etl
and
Po
rt R
d D
rain
u/s
Old
Po
rt R
d
Kir
kcal
dy
We
tlan
d
Torr
en
s R
ive
r @
Seav
iew
Rd
Bro
wn
hill
Ck
@
Ad
ela
ide
Air
po
rt
Stu
rt R
ive
r d
/s
An
zac
Hw
y
Fie
ld R
ive
r u
/s
Mo
uth
Ch
rist
ie C
k d
/s
Gal
low
ay
Rd
On
kap
arin
ga R
ive
r
u/s
Old
No
arlu
nga
Pe
dle
r C
k u
/s
Mo
uth
TOTA
L*
2005 0.307 0.138 1.112 1.117 0.219 0.324 5.577 0.648 0.244 0.395 0.568 10.6
2006 0.047 0.053 0.288 0.394 0.096 0.049 0.720 0.438 0.000 0.053 0.046 0.005 2.2
2007 0.328 0.144 0.074 0.604 0.458 0.001 0.123 0.100 0.033 1.9
2008 0.099 0.010 1.423 0.204 0.041 0.029 0.608 0.327 0.127 0.068 0.109 0.014 3.1
2009 3.224 0.033 0.152 1.395 0.275 0.127 0.008 0.125 2.099 1.017 0.288 0.000 0.138 8.9
2010 10.685 0.540 0.410 0.157 1.457 0.390 0.080 0.509 0.253 3.468 1.149 0.846 0.434 0.388 2.927 0.471 24.2
2011 2.719 0.275 0.178 0.114 0.573 1.859 0.177 0.068 1.057 0.052 0.175 2.706 0.941 0.412 0.391 0.184 0.191 0.039 12.1
2012 0.300 0.018 4.516 0.485 0.120 0.931 0.125 0.138 1.962 0.533 0.672 0.760 0.423 0.895 0.419 12.3
2013 3.120 2.937 0.174 0.088 0.339 0.127 0.159 3.175 1.091 0.374 0.373 0.259 0.964 0.231 13.4
2014 2.949 0.570 0.000 1.070 0.171 0.177 1.905 0.160 0.143 4.084 1.124 0.340 0.349 0.158 1.367 0.025 14.6
= Data from Upstream Station prior to commissioning of outfall Station
2009-2014 Total 103.2
*The Total Phosphorus Annual Load entering the ACWS area is higher than the observed totals due to unmonitored catchments.
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Table 7-3 : Measured Total Annual Suspended Solids Loads 2005-2014
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS ANNUAL LOAD (Tonnes)
Gaw
ler
Riv
er
@
Vir
gin
ia
Smit
h C
k @
Wo
mm
a R
d
He
lps
Dra
in d
/s
Sum
ne
r R
d
Litt
le P
ara
Riv
er
d/s
Pt
Wak
efi
eld
Rd
Dry
Ck
U/S
Salis
bu
ry H
wy
Bar
ker
Inle
t
We
tlan
d #
1
Bar
ker
Inle
t
We
tlan
d #
2
Ran
ge W
etl
and
Mag
azin
e W
etl
and
Po
rt R
d D
rain
u/s
Old
Po
rt R
d
Kir
kcal
dy
We
tlan
d
Torr
en
s R
ive
r @
Seav
iew
Rd
Bro
wn
hill
Ck
@
Ad
ela
ide
Air
po
rt
Stu
rt R
ive
r d
/s
An
zac
Hw
y
Fie
ld R
ive
r u
/s
Mo
uth
Ch
rist
ie C
k d
/s
Gal
low
ay
Rd
On
kap
arin
ga R
ive
r
u/s
Old
No
arlu
nga
Pe
dle
r C
k u
/s
Mo
uth
TOTA
L*
2005 57.6 4651.3 0.6 83.1 240.5 146.4 5179.6
2006 8.2 126.9 135.1 0.0 13.2 28.6 1.7 313.7
2007 40.7 11.5 21.6 585.3 77.7 0.0 24.1 78.8 5.5 845.1
2008 8.0 3.3 2.6 53.7 11.4 3.8 242.5 29.5 23.7 15.4 72.5 1.7 468.1
2009 503.4 5.1 7.3 317.2 99.4 2.2 0.1 16.4 557.6 21.7 58.2 71.8 1660.4
2010 1509.9 111.1 112.8 60.6 115.4 93.4 3.1 12.3 116.9 1546.1 200.4 316.9 390.9 383.9 867.7 240.9 6082.5
2011 512.6 45.3 13.6 21.0 341.1 412.6 56.4 3.8 21.6 4.4 55.5 1020.6 0.9 115.6 286.2 105.3 39.5 17.3 3073.3
2012 115.8 23.2 1580.0 108.2 11.7 8.1 17.3 38.8 1288.9 24.9 345.5 904.8 416.9 369.9 274.4 5528.3
2013 255.3 1055.6 51.8 11.2 6.8 16.5 61.7 2222.2 1.1 116.3 331.1 244.5 235.3 40.8 4650.2
2014 379.4 28.8 149.8 42.0 39.5 29.4 19.6 41.1 2315.6 1.1 184.0 351.7 114.7 119.5 15.4 3831.5
= Data from Upstream Station prior to commissioning of outfall Station
2009-2014 Total 31632.6
*The Total Suspended Solids Annual Load entering the ACWS area is higher than the observed totals due to unmonitored catchments.
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Figure 7-1 : Measured Total Annual Nitrogen Loads
0.000
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Tota
l Nit
roge
n P
ollu
tan
t Lo
ad (
T)
Year
Measured Annual Pollutant Load - Total Nitrogen
Pedler Ck u/s Mouth
Onkaparinga River u/s Old Noarlunga
Christie Ck d/s Galloway Rd
Field River u/s Mouth
Sturt River d/s Anzac Hwy
Brownhill Ck @ Adelaide Airport
Torrens River @ Seaview Rd
Kirkcaldy Wetland
Port Rd Drain u/s Old Port Rd
Magazine Wetland
Range Wetland
Barker Inlet Wetland #2
Barker Inlet Wetland #1
Dry Ck U/S Salisbury Hwy
Little Para River d/s Pt Wakefield Rd
Helps Drain d/s Sumner Rd
Smith Ck @ Womma Rd
Gawler River @ Virginia
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Figure 7-2 : Measured Total Annual Phosphorus Loads
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Tota
l Ph
osp
ho
rus
Po
lluta
nt
Load
(T)
Year
Measured Annual Pollutant Load - Total Phosphorus
Pedler Ck u/s Mouth
Onkaparinga River u/s Old Noarlunga
Christie Ck d/s Galloway Rd
Field River u/s Mouth
Sturt River d/s Anzac Hwy
Brownhill Ck @ Adelaide Airport
Torrens River @ Seaview Rd
Kirkcaldy Wetland
Port Rd Drain u/s Old Port Rd
Magazine Wetland
Range Wetland
Barker Inlet Wetland #2
Barker Inlet Wetland #1
Dry Ck U/S Salisbury Hwy
Little Para River d/s Pt Wakefield Rd
Helps Drain d/s Sumner Rd
Smith Ck @ Womma Rd
Gawler River @ Virginia
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Figure 7-3 : Measured Total Annual Suspended Solids Loads
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Tota
l Su
spe
nd
ed
So
lids
Po
lluta
nt
Load
(T)
Year
Measured Annual Pollutant Load - Total Suspended Solids
Pedler Ck u/s Mouth
Onkaparinga River u/s Old Noarlunga
Christie Ck d/s Galloway Rd
Field River u/s Mouth
Sturt River d/s Anzac Hwy
Brownhill Ck @ Adelaide Airport
Torrens River @ Seaview Rd
Kirkcaldy Wetland
Port Rd Drain u/s Old Port Rd
Magazine Wetland
Range Wetland
Barker Inlet Wetland #2
Barker Inlet Wetland #1
Dry Ck U/S Salisbury Hwy
Little Para River d/s Pt Wakefield Rd
Helps Drain d/s Sumner Rd
Smith Ck @ Womma Rd
Gawler River @ Virginia
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As part of the AMLR surface water monitoring network operations a report on water quality trends is
regularly produced to observe how the water quality is changing and provide direction for catchment
management strategies. Table 7-4 displays the observed trends in water quality published in the 2013 AMLR
Trend Report. The table shows water quality improving trends for most variables in the Patawalonga
catchment (Sturt River and Brownhill Creek). Worsening water quality trends in Suspended Solids and NOx
concentrations were detected for the Barker Inlet discharging stations.
Nine out of the fifteen monitoring stations investigated in the trend analysis observed statistically significant
water quality worsening trends for Suspended Solids. Total Phosphorus, TKN and NOx water quality analysis
observed an equal proportion of water quality improving and worsening trends over the complete range of
catchments.
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Table 7-4 : Water Quality Trend Indication Summary 2012-13 – AMLR Outfall Sites
Symbol Legend:
Statistically significant increasing trend was detected. (Water Quality getting worse)
Increasing trend was detected but is not statistically significant
No trend was detected
Statistically significant decreasing trend was detected. (Water Quality getting better)
Decreasing trend was detected but is not statistically significant
Site ID Location SS (mg/L)
TURB (NTU)
Ptot (mg/L)
TKN (mg/L)
NOx (mg/L)
A5030547 Christie Creek D/S of Galloway Road
A5031010 Field River u/s Mouth
A5040529* Torrens River @Holbrooks Road
A5040549 Sturt River D/S Anzac Highway
A5040583 Brownhill Creek @ Adelaide Airport
A5041009 Barker Inlet Wetlands @ Nthn Outlet #1
A5041016 Kirkcaldy Wetland @ Nash Street
A5041017 Barker Inlet Wetlands @ Nthn Outlet #2
A5041024 Range Wetland - outlet
A5041025 Magazine Wetland - outlet
A5050510 Gawler River @ Virginia
Indicative trends due to small data sets:
A5031005 Onkaparinga River U/S Old Noarlunga
A5031009 Pedler Creek u/s Mouth
A5041014 Torrens River @ Seaview Rd Bridge
A5041041 Port Road Drain U/S Old Port Road
*A5040529 included as previous end of catchment monitoring station prior to installation of A5041014
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8 Current and Future Monitoring This section outlines the current and future monitoring that is projected to impact on the ACWS Area in
future years.
8.1 Current Monitoring Programs
Since the previous report in 2005 there has been consistency in monitoring methods for the various
organisations monitoring stormwater in the ACWS catchments. Monitoring is primarily undertaken using
hydrometric stations to enable continuous data measurement and flow proportional composite sampling.
The primary monitoring organisation of the stormwater outfalls is Natural Resources Adelaide and Mount
Lofty Ranges (AMLR) which has 15 outfall flow and 14 outfall water quality monitoring stations. Since 2009,
AMLR have standardised monitoring parameters to ensure a comparable and continuous data set for outfall
monitoring.
Monitoring programs are operated in the other major catchments by City of Salisbury, City of Playford and
City of Onkaparinga. There are historical composite sampling results in the northern catchments but the
current programs are collecting flow event based water quality samples.
Data gaps identified from 2005 Audit report showed that only seven of the catchments had monitoring
stations in operation. In this reporting period 2005-2014many of these monitoring data gaps have been
addressed with the set up of the Outfall monitoring stations.
These include construction of new stations:
Smith Creek @ Womma Rd (City of Playford, 2009)
Helps Rd Drain D/S Sumner Rd (EPA / City of Salisbury, 2005)
Little Para River D/S Port Wakefield Rd (EPA / City of Salisbury, 2004)
Dry Ck D/S Pt Wakefield Rd (City of Salisbury, 2013)
Kirkcaldy Wetland (EPA / AMLR, 2004)
Port Rd Drain u/s Old Port Rd (AMLR, 2011)
Magazine Wetland (AMLR, 2009)
Range Wetland (AMLR, 2009)
Barker Inlet Wetlands Outlet #1 (EPA / AMLR, 2004)
Barker Inlet Wetland #2 (EPA / AMLR, 2004)
West Lakes Outlet (EPA, 2004-2006, historical site)
Torrens River @ Seaview Road (AMLR, 2010)
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Patawalonga Creek U/S Barcoo Outlet (AMLR, 2010)
Onkaparinga River U/S Old Noarlunga (AMLR, 2006)
Pedler Creek U/S Mouth (AMLR, 2010)
Washpool Lagoon (City of Onkaparinga, 2012)
Relocation of existing stations closer to the Outfall:
Field River d/s South Rd relocated to Field River U/S Mouth (AMLR, 2010)
Reopening of historical stations:
Gawler River @ Virginia (AMLR, reopened 2009)
The advances in instrument technology in recent years have provided for greater return on investment in
monitoring. Historic sites required construction of flow controls (weirs) which where expensive and also had
environmental consequences. Modern flow instrumentation has enabled monitoring sites to be installed
without additional costly infrastructure. Real time water quality sensors have also been developed and
installed at many of the monitoring stations to provide a continuous data set for EC, temperature and
turbidity. The benefit of the real time water quality sensors is that peaks and variation in concentration can
be observed over a complete flow event. This information can help in selecting or designing environmental
management strategies which will have the desired impact on the catchment. Table 8-1 displays the
catchment outfalls that currently have ongoing operating monitoring stations, the parameters being
monitored at each outfall station and the gaps where there is no current continuous monitoring programs.
Table 8-1 : Current Catchment Outfall Monitoring and Gaps
Name
Current Flow
Monitoring
Current WQ
Sampling
Current
WQ Sensors
EC/Temp Turbidity Organisation
1 Gawler River YES YES
YES AMLR
2 Thompson Ck, Smith Ck YES
YES City of Playford
3 Helps Rd, Adams Creek YES Event Based
YES City of Salisbury
4 Little Para River YES Event Based
YES City of Salisbury
5 Dry & Cobbler Creeks YES Event Based
YES YES City of Salisbury
6 Port Adelaide / Barker Inlet YES YES YES AMLR
7 Torrens River YES YES
YES AMLR
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Name
Current Flow
Monitoring
Current WQ
Sampling
Current
WQ Sensors
EC/Temp Turbidity Organisation
8 Patawalonga Basin YES YES
AMLR
9 Coastal catchment (9.1 to 9.10)
10 Waterfall Creek
11 Field River YES YES
YES AMLR
12 Christie Creek YES YES
YES AMLR
13 Onkaparinga River YES YES
YES AMLR
14 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Onkaparinga)
15 Coastal Catchment (Nth of Pedler Ck)
16 Pedler Creek YES YES
YES AMLR
17 Coastal Catchment (Sth of Pedler Ck)
18 Maslin Creek
19 Coastal Catchment (Willunga Ck)
20 Willunga Creek
21 Aldinga Creek YES
YES City of
Onkaparinga
22 Sellicks Creek
23 South Sellicks coastal catchment
One of the benefits of the network of monitoring stations in the ACWS catchments is that the many
different organisations running a monitoring program are all utilising similar methodologies to achieve their
project goals. This has resulted in comparable data sets across the different catchments and monitoring
programs that can provide data which can be assessed against different objectives. This value of achieving
multiple project objectives through single monitoring infrastructure should be considered when looking at
future monitoring programs and filling data gaps.
A theme of public data availability is consistent with all of the monitoring organisations with SA Water, City
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of Onkaparinga, City of Salisbury, City of Playford and City of Marion all providing monitoring data on the
public AMLR surface water monitoring webpage. EPA and DEWNR also provide publicly available data for
the water quality monitoring programs (including Adelaide Desalination Plant coastal monitoring) and State
surface water monitoring network respectively. The benefits of having multiple projects providing data to
one location is that data can be obtained easily and provided in a common format for comparison across
multiple projects. New monitoring projects should consider the benefits of making data available in the
existing data presentation and storage frameworks.
8.2 Future Monitoring Direction
Future monitoring programs implemented to fill data gaps will provide greater understanding of stormwater
influences in the ACWS area. It is also important to consider the importance of continued operation of the
current monitoring programs for maintaining a long term data record. A continuous record enables the data
to analysed for trends and can be used to identify the success and effect of environmental management
strategies and major changes to the catchment.
The current outfall stormwater quality monitoring includes physical parameters (turbidity, EC, pH and
Suspended Solids), Nutrients (TKN, NOx and Total Phosphorus) and Heavy Metals (Copper, Lead and Zinc).
This suite of water quality parameters is designed to meet the AMLR catchment reporting requirements but
also includes some primary pollutants responsible for triggering sea grass loss in the ACWS. High turbidity
reduces light penetration in the water column therefore reducing the sea grass’ ability for photosynthesis. A
high nutrient concentration of stormwater discharge can trigger increases in algal growth in the coastal
environment. High algal concentrations also have a negative impact on sea grasses and have contributed to
the decline in sea grass in the ACWS. It is recommended to maintain these parameters as part of future
outfall water quality monitoring programs.
In addition to the identified monitoring gaps on a catchment location level, it is important to address
potential gaps in water quality analysis. The stormwater discharge into the ACWS area comes from
catchments with varying characteristics. These include catchments with farming and vineyards in the north
and south and highly urbanised catchments and stormwater systems in the Adelaide plains. This variation in
catchment characteristic provides scope for many other types of pollutants to be entering the ACWS area.
Examples include pesticides, hydrocarbons, bacteria and litter.
The 2005 Stormwater Audit report identified that herbicides and pesticides may be a small contributor to
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the stormwater impact on sea grass. In the reporting period 2005-2014, there has been no pesticide
sampling as part of the outfall water quality analysis. Small water quality grab sample programs occurred as
part of MAR wetland preliminary investigations at various locations but there was no ongoing sampling to
determine under what catchment conditions concentrations of pesticides may be detected or be above
guideline thresholds. Incorporating pesticide sampling into future monitoring programs requires a cost
benefit analysis. Pesticides may be a small contributor to sea grass loss compared to high turbidity and high
nutrient concentrations however a rapid spike in pesticide concentrations may occur and go undetected
until consequences are observed in the ACWS area.
The high cost of sample analysis for pesticides makes it prohibitive for an all encompassing program with
regular sampling across all catchments. In the previous report the pesticide concentration data was a small
set of grab samples with many non-detections recorded. Consideration should be given to targeting one or
two catchment outfalls for pesticides monitoring to observe the variation over one year. This information
may then be used to design a monitoring program to achieve maximum value and outcomes for future
pesticide sampling and provide useable data to inform the ACWS.
8.3 Integrating New Monitoring Technologies
During the reporting period, the established monitoring networks of AMLR, SA Water and DEWNR have
upgraded the hydrometric station analogue data loggers with modern PLC style digital data loggers. This has
created opportunity for improvements in monitoring methods, data acquisition and presentation. The data
loggers are also able to be customised on a site by site basis to trigger specific monitoring actions under
certain conditions (e.g. only trigger sampling for rain events over 10mm, or do not sample when king tides
backfill the drain (EC data >15000μS/cm)).
Telemetry systems are utilised at most hydrometric monitoring stations to provide real time data availability
to stakeholders and remote access to the instruments for operation. This enables the data from monitoring
networks to be quickly converted to usable information through graphs and reports, and displayed on
websites. The telemetry systems generally operate using a SIM on the NextG/4G mobile network.
Combining the telemetry system with the modern data logger enables alerts to be triggered based on the
monitoring data. These alerts can be a text message advising of rainfall, flow or any other parameter. The
telemetry system can also receive text messages to perform operational commands.
Future monitoring projects should continue to utilise new technologies as a means of improving the data
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and reducing the long term costs. AMLR are currently trialling telemetered digital video cameras at
monitoring stations to observe high flow events and assess GPT function. Improvements in water quality
sensors have seen real time turbidity monitoring in operation at many sites. Nutrient sensors have been
developed but are currently cost prohibitive to install across a network of sites. As technology improves,
these costs may reduce and become a viable option instead of sample collection.
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9 Conclusions and Recommendations This report has audited the data available from stormwater monitoring programs in the ACWS catchments
to provide an update of findings from the previous audit report in 2005.
The data period investigated includes 2005 to 2014 but also includes changes to the data sets referenced in
the 2005 stormwater data audit.
Climatic conditions during this period are characterised by the majority of years with below average rainfall.
These drought conditions strained water supplies and stressed the health of the environment.
As a means of improving ecosystem health, environmental flow and water quality Improvement trials were
implemented in the Gawler, Torrens and Onkaparinga Rivers. The water released as part of these trials
comes from the reservoirs in each of the catchments. The water quality in each reservoir has different
characteristics to the lower catchment stormwater runoff due to the high proportion of River Murray water
pumped into the reservoir drinking supplies for Adelaide.
Nationally and state funded catchment management and water proofing strategies were implemented at
many locations throughout the ACWS catchments. These works included the construction of wetlands, MAR
schemes, rain gardens and GPTs. Construction of many of these projects was completed in the final years of
the reporting period. Future monitoring will quantify the effects these schemes are having on the quantity
and quality of stormwater discharge.
Monitoring of stormwater in the ACWS catchments is undertaken by several government agencies. Many of
the gaps in the monitoring programs identified by the previous audit have been filled through the addition
of new monitoring stations. The AMLR NRM Board focus on improving the quality and availability of Outfall
Flow monitoring data has been particularly beneficial for data sharing to meet multiple project goals. The
Outfall Flow network of sites is providing data collected by hydrometric monitoring stations and flow
proportional composite samplers. Local council stormwater monitoring programs are also utilising
monitoring stations and flow proportional composite samplers. This has provided data sets across the ACWS
catchments which are compatible and comparable. The methodologies adopted enable pollutant loads to
be determined by combining the flow data with the flow weighted mean concentration of the pollutant.
To determine the total stormwater discharge into the ACWS area, recorded flow data was supplemented by
rainfall runoff models that were used for estimating the flow from the unmonitored catchments. These
catchments are primarily the Patawalonga catchment stormwater drains discharging directly into the gulf
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and the southern zone coastal catchments.
The Gawler River has a gauging station at Virginia Park which is used for general reporting as an end of
catchment station. Prior to discharging into the gulf, the Gawler River flows into the Buckland Park Lake.
This storage captures and stores a substantial portion of low flows from the river, therefore reducing the
volume discharging to sea. To provide a more accurate stormwater discharge into the ACWS area, a flow
model was created for the Gawler River and Buckland Park Lake.
The results of the data analysis observed a mean annual stormwater discharge into the ACWS area of
92GL/year between 2005 and 2014. Flow proportional composite sampling was not in operation at all sites
for the reporting period therefore a reduced period of 2009-2014 was used to determine mean annual
water quality pollutant loads. The results observed were 149T/year Total Nitrogen, 14.2T/year Total
Phosphorus and 4140T/year Suspended Solids. Over 50% of each of the total pollutant loads is discharged
from the Torrens, Gawler and Onkaparinga Rivers. These mean annual pollutant loads are derived from the
monitored catchments. The pollutant load discharging into the ACWS area is greater than the observed
totals due to the inputs from the unmonitored catchments.
9.1 Recommendations
9.1.1 Flow monitoring
The Gawler River provides approximately 20% of the annual stormwater discharge to the gulf and 25% of
the measured annual pollutant load. For this and the previous reports the Buckland Park Lake outfall was
modelled using a basic water balance. As Gawler River is one of the major rivers in the ACWS Catchment,
there is benefit in investigating monitoring options for the Buckland Park Lake and its outfall for the purpose
of calibrating the model or commencing a long term data record.
The Stormwater Drainage Network includes several drain outfalls to the gulf. Installing monitoring
equipment on all drains would provide a validated data set but would be a significant outlay of
infrastructure. An alternative method is to set up a model validation program. This would significantly
improve the data output from the model and also provide some real time measurements for direct analysis
of impacts in the ACWS area. An example of the validation program could be having one set of monitoring
instrumentation which is installed a one drain for 5-10 rain events. Once sufficient data has been collected
to verify the model, the instruments are moved to the next drain and the process is repeated. In this
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example the instrumentation and operation cost is for only one station and over time all of the stormwater
drain models can be verified.
9.1.2 Water Quality Monitoring
Continuously operating water quality sampling programs can be costly due to frequent laboratory analyses.
Turbidity sensors are being utilised across the network to provide real time water quality data in place of
regular water quality sampling. It is recommended to look at opportunities for maximising the value from
the real time turbidity data by investigating whether turbidity thresholds are more important than total
load. For example, is a short period of stormwater discharge with a high turbidity more damaging to the
ACWS area than lower turbidity discharge for a longer time, producing a higher Suspended Solids load
This may depend on the coastal conditions but the opportunity exists to inform the study using real time
data and telemetry systems to trigger alerts or reports. A time series based report for turbidity data could
include the length of time that the turbidity concentration exceeds a trigger value and could relate this to
the potential or observed impact on the ACWS area. This report could be in the style of a risk matrix and be
automatically generated.
In addition to the real time monitoring and flow proportional composite sampling, the data audit identified
that there have been no pesticide sample results at the outfall monitoring locations in the reporting period.
Previous sample analysis observed on several occasions that no pesticides were present. It is recommended
that rather than expend resources on a catchment wide sample run, a target testing regime may provide
more value for investment. Select one catchment and conduct sample runs for different conditions to
determine if pesticides are present and under what conditions. This information can be used to derive a
targeted pesticide program for other catchments with similar characteristics.
During the reporting period water quality improving infrastructure was installed throughout many of the
catchments. The monitoring programs associated with operation of the infrastructure could be incorporated
into greater catchment monitoring and reporting to provide additional data of catchment health and
indicate the success and impact that the schemes are having on the stormwater.
9.1.3 Data and Information
A benefit of the monitoring programs investigated as part of the audit was that the monitoring stations all
have purposes primarily to meet the goals of the organisation operating them but that the data and
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information collected by the program can be used to meet the objectives of other programs such as the
ACWS. It is recommended to facilitate and maintain discussion about current and future monitoring
programs so that existing and future infrastructure, data and reporting can be leveraged to serve multiple
project goals.
The continual improvement approach taken to monitoring and the implementation of new technologies
since the previous audit have enabled decision making to be more informed, with real time telemetry data
and customised automated reporting. Whilst the primary function of the monitoring station is to collect
data, we now have greater capacity to covert this data into usable and easily accessible information much
faster. The use of telemetry system alerts from the monitoring stations can be used to instigate additional
sampling or flow measurement, and issue a warning, such as the EPA website Coastal Warning for
stormwater discharge. This may be of value for using the stormwater discharge monitoring stations to
trigger a coastal sampling program.
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10 References
Australian Rainfall and Runoff (AR&R 1987) ‘Australian Rainfall and Runoff: A Guide to Flood
Estimation. Vol. 1’, Editor in chief Pilgrim D H, Revised Edition, Barton, ACT. Institute of
Engineers, Australia.
Adelaide & Mt Lofty Ranges (AMLR 2015a) ‘Adelaide & Mt Lofty Ranges Trash Rack’ website
(http://trashracks.waterdata.com.au)
Adelaide & Mt Lofty Ranges (AMLR 2015b) ‘Adelaide & Mt Lofty Ranges Surface Water Data’
website (http://amlr.waterdata.com.au )
Brown and Root (Brown and Root 2001) ‘South Western Suburbs Drainage Scheme Review:
Drain 10 and Marino’. Prepared for City of Marion.
City of Onkaparinga (CO 2012), ‘Water Proofing the South Stage 1 Report’, March 2012
(http://www.environment.gov.au/node/24368)
City of Onkaparinga (CO 2013), ‘Water Proofing the South Stage 2 Fact Sheet’, 2013
(http://www.environment.gov.au/node/25201)
DEH (DEH 2015a), ‘Integrated Map of the Patawalonga Catchment’
http://www.asdd.sa.gov.au/asdd/ANZSA0001027006.html
DEH (DEH 2015b), ‘Upgrade Begins for Patawalonga Gates’
http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/740a0efe-b390-4e3f-9037-a2ec00d7102b/140312-
patawalonga-gates-upgrade-nws.pdf
Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR 2015) ‘Stormwater’
(http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/managing-natural-resources/water-use/water-
resources/stormwater)
Environment Protection Authority SA (EPA 2005) ‘Audit of contemporary and historical quality
and quantity data of stormwater discharging into the marine environment, and field work
programme’, July 2005
Environment Protection Authority SA (EPA 2015), ‘Aquatic Ecosystem Monitoring, Evaluation
and Reporting’
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http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/data_and_publications/water_quality_monitoring/aquatic_ecosyste
m_monitoring_evaluation_and_reporting
Kinhill Pty Ltd , (Kinhill 1997), ‘South Western Suburbs Drainage Scheme Review’ Prepared for
City of Marion and City of Mitcham.
Waterproofing Northern Adelaide Regional Subsidiary, (WNARS 2010),‘Waterproofing Northern
Adelaide Final Report’ September 2010
(http://www.playford.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/WNA_Final_Report_(FINAL).pdf )
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Appendix A : Trend Analysis Summary
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Table A1.1 Trend Analysis Results - Outfall SitesSOURCE: AMLR Trend Report 2013, Table 5
Location VARIABLE
Period of Record Start
Period of Record End
Number of Data Points MEDIAN VALUE
Seasonal - Kendall Slope
Trend Significance
(% of median)
Statistically Significant
Trend Detected
A5030547 - Christie Creek D/S of Galloway Road
SS (mg/L) Sep-04 Jul-13 107 49.74 4.224 8.5% Y
TURB (NTU) Mar-01 May-13 95 58.917 2.966 5.0% Y
Ptot (mg/L) Mar-01 Jul-13 149 0.095 -0.0007 -0.7% N
TKN (mg/L) Mar-01 Jul-13 146 0.89465 -0.003532 -0.4% N
NOx (mg/L) Mar-01 Jul-13 146 0.50955 -0.033779 -6.6% Y
A5031010 - Field River u/s Mouth
SS (mg/L) May-10 Jul-13 39 44.163 -7.103 -16.1% N
TURB (NTU) May-10 Jul-13 39 66.131 -7.724 -11.7% N
Ptot (mg/L) May-10 Jul-13 39 0.063 -0.010358 -16.4% N
TKN (mg/L) May-10 Jul-13 39 0.7063 -0.050843 -7.2% N
NOx (mg/L) May-10 Jul-13 39 1.026 0.045755 4.5% N
A5040529 - Torrens River @Holbrooks Road
SS (mg/L) May-96 Jun-13 201 24.34 -0.02 -0.1% N
TURB (NTU) May-96 May-13 66 25.63 0.56 2.2% N
Ptot (mg/L) May-96 Jun-13 196 0.0766 0.000383 0.5% N
TKN (mg/L) May-96 Jun-13 202 0.8419 -0.003584 -0.4% N
NOx (mg/L) May-96 Jun-13 202 0.5733 -0.00032 -0.1% N
A5040549 - Sturt River D/S Anzac Highway
SS (mg/L) May-94 Jul-13 213 26.55 -0.65 -2.4% Y
TURB (NTU) May-94 Jul-13 80 13.98 0.85 6.1% Y
Ptot (mg/L) May-94 Jul-13 213 0.1415 -0.007668 -5.4% Y
TKN (mg/L) May-94 Jul-13 213 1.0164 0.003313 0.3% N
NOx (mg/L) Jun-94 Jul-13 212 0.15605 0.001384 0.9% N
A5040583 - Brownhill Creek @ Adelaide Airport
SS (mg/L) Apr-97 Jul-13 192 19.96 -1.45 -7.3% Y
TURB (NTU) Apr-97 Jul-13 54 14.75 -1.05 -7.1% Y
Ptot (mg/L) Apr-97 Jul-13 192 0.1614 -0.001522 -0.9% N
TKN (mg/L) Apr-97 Jul-13 192 0.90125 -0.009599 -1.1% Y
NOx (mg/L) Apr-97 Jul-13 192 0.1759 0.003553 2.0% N
A5041009 - Barker Inlet Wetlands @ Nthn Outlet #1
SS (mg/L) Jul-07 Apr-13 61 26.98 10.18 37.7% Y
TURB (NTU) May-09 Jul-13 47 47.41 18.59 39.2% Y
Ptot (mg/L) Jun-04 Apr-13 81 0.1989 0.009156 4.6% N
TKN (mg/L) Jun-04 Apr-13 93 1.2817 0 0.0% N
NOx (mg/L) Jun-04 Apr-13 93 0.1389 0.030559 22.0% Y
A5041016 - Kirkcaldy Wetland @ Nash Street
SS (mg/L) Nov-04 Jun-13 98 26.547 2.565 9.7% Y
TURB (NTU) May-09 Jul-13 50 25.224 1.239 4.9% N
Ptot (mg/L) Nov-04 Jun-13 98 0.15215 0.004726 3.1% Y
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Location VARIABLE
Period of Record Start
Period of Record End
Number of Data Points MEDIAN VALUE
Seasonal - Kendall Slope
Trend Significance
(% of median)
Statistically Significant
Trend Detected
TKN (mg/L) Nov-04 Jun-13 98 1.0299 0.027761 2.7% N
NOx (mg/L) Nov-04 Jun-13 98 0.2356 0.007638 3.2% N
A5041017 - Barker Inlet Wetlands @ Nthn Outlet #2
SS (mg/L) Jul-07 Jun-13 61 29.406 7.026 23.9% Y
TURB (NTU) May-09 Jul-13 46 31.636 10.391 32.8% Y
Ptot (mg/L) Nov-04 Jun-13 93 0.1398 0.003489 2.5% N
TKN (mg/L) Nov-04 Jun-13 93 1.1005 -0.040863 -3.7% Y
NOx (mg/L) Nov-04 Jun-13 93 0.1828 0.029884 16.3% Y
A5041024 - Range Wetland - outlet
SS (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 45 18.458 5.448 29.5% Y
TURB (NTU) Aug-09 Jul-13 41 36.096 5.78 16.0% N
Ptot (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 45 0.279 -0.023041 -8.3% N
TKN (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 45 1.2637 0.081316 6.4% N
NOx (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 45 0.314 0.116501 37.1% Y
A5041025 - Magazine Wetland - outlet
SS (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 35 18.065 -3.709 -20.5% N
TURB (NTU) Sep-09 Jul-13 34 24.774 3.422 13.8% N
Ptot (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 35 1.4178 0.083557 5.9% N
TKN (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 35 3.5086 0.257414 7.3% N
NOx (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 35 1.68 0.168514 10.0% N
A5050510 - Gawler River @ Virginia
SS (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 36 34.072 -0.474 -1.4% N
TURB (NTU) Aug-09 Jul-13 35 28.738 -1.764 -6.1% N
Ptot (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 36 0.1815 -0.042364 -23.3% Y
TKN (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 36 1.4026 -0.246341 -17.6% Y
NOx (mg/L) Aug-09 Jul-13 36 0.4805 0.092263 19.2% N
Table A1.2 Trend Analysis Results - Preliminary Trend IndicationSOURCE: AMLR Trend
Report 2013, Table 6
Location VARIABLE
Period of Record Start
Period of Record End
Number of Data Points MEDIAN VALUE
Seasonal - Kendall Slope
Trend Significance
(% of median)
Statistically Significant
Trend Detected
A5031005 - Onkaparinga River U/S Old Noarlunga
SS (mg/L) Aug-10 Jul-13 36 5.705 3.502 61.4% Y
TURB (NTU) Aug-10 Jul-13 35 5.364 2.693 50.2% N
Ptot (mg/L) Aug-10 Jul-13 36 0.031 0.003732 12.0% N
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Location VARIABLE
Period of Record Start
Period of Record End
Number of Data Points MEDIAN VALUE
Seasonal - Kendall Slope
Trend Significance
(% of median)
Statistically Significant
Trend Detected
TKN (mg/L) Aug-10 Jul-13 36 0.6861 0.164678 24.0% Y
NOx (mg/L) Aug-10 Jul-13 36 0.03295 -0.020013 -60.7% Y
A5031009 - Pedler Creek u/s Mouth
SS (mg/L) Sep-10 Jul-13 29 60.621 15.177 25.0% N
TURB (NTU) Jul-10 Jul-13 31 63.17 7.843 12.4% N
Ptot (mg/L) Sep-10 Jul-13 29 0.1384 0.036135 26.1% Y
TKN (mg/L) Sep-10 Jul-13 29 0.9671 0.133179 13.8% N
NOx (mg/L) Sep-10 Jul-13 29 0.1029 0.01376 13.4% N
A5041014 - Torrens River @ Seaview Rd Bridge
SS (mg/L) Jun-11 Jul-13 26 24.65 30.44 123.5% Y
TURB (NTU) Jul-11 Jul-13 24 21.83 5.41 24.8% N
Ptot (mg/L) Jun-11 Jul-13 26 0.07135 0.009601 13.5% N
TKN (mg/L) Jun-11 Jul-13 26 0.8131 0.036893 4.5% N
NOx (mg/L) Jun-11 Jul-13 26 0.38605 0.041814 10.8% N
A5041041 - Port Road Drain U/S Old Port Road
SS (mg/L) Aug-11 Jun-13 23 12.781 6.63 51.9% Y
TURB (NTU) Aug-11 Jul-13 23 13.138 6.623 50.4% N
Ptot (mg/L) Aug-11 Jun-13 23 0.1522 0.057039 37.5% N
TKN (mg/L) Aug-11 Jun-13 23 0.6764 0.381078 56.3% Y
NOx (mg/L) Aug-11 Jun-13 23 0.2961 -0.019914 -6.7% N
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