acute visual loss - kau.edu.sakau.edu.sa/files/140/files/32398_acute visual loss3.pdfcentral retinal...
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ACUTE VISUAL LOSS
Dr:ADNAN AL MARZOUKI
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ACUTE VISUAL LOSS
Anatomical Classification– Media Problems
– Visual Pathway Problems
Symptomatic Classification_ Transient
_ Permanent
_ Painful
_ Painless
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1) Anatomical Classification
A. Media Problems1. Corneal problems
2. Ant . Chamber problems
3. Lens problems
4. Vitreous problems
B. Visual Pathway Problems
1. Retinal problems
2. Optic nerve problems
3. CNS.problems
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1) Anatomical Classification
A. Media Problems
1. Corneal Causes
i. Infection ( ulcer – Bacteria – Viral)
ii. Edema – A.C.G. - Hydrops
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1) Anatomical Classification
A. Media Problems2. Anterior Chamber Causes
i. Hyphema -Traumatic
- Spontaneous
ii. Hypopion - Severe inflammation
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Anatomical Classification
A. Media Problems3. Lens Causes
i. Traumatic - Dislocation
- Sublaxation
ii. Diabetic - Sudden fluctuation in B.S.
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1) Anatomical Classification
A. Media Problems
4. Vitreous Causes
Vitreous Haemorrhages
،،Diabetic V.H.’’
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1) Anatomical Classification
B. Visual Pathway Problems1. Retinal Causes
i. Retinal Detachment
ii. Retinal Artery Occlusion
_ Central
_ Brach
iii. Retinal Vein Occlusion
_ Central
_ Brach
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1) Anatomical Classification
B. Visual Pathway Problems
1. Retinal Causes
iv. Retinitis , Chorio retintis,
chorioditis
v. Macular Disease
_ Acute A.R.M.D.
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1) Anatomical Classification
B. Visual Pathway Problems2. Optic Nerve Causes
i. Optic Neuritis & Retrobulbar Neuritis
ii. Papillitis ( M.S.)
iii. Papilledema
iv. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
v. Traumatic ( Retrobulbar Injection)
vi. Compressive (Thyroid orbitopathy)
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1) Anatomical Classification
B. Visual Pathway Problems3. C.N.S Cases
i. Optic Chiasm (Bitemp.Hemianopsia) Pituitary Apoplexy
ii. Optic tract , Radiation ( Hemonemous Hemianosia)
Inforrection or He Tumor.
iii. Cortical Blindness
iv. Functional
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SYMPTOMATIC CASSIFICATION
B. Visual loss lasting longer than 24hrsi. Sudden Painless Loss
- Retinal artery or Vein occlusion
- Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
- Vitreous Haemorrhage
- Retinal Detachment
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SYMPTOMATIC CASSIFICATION
B. Visual loss lasting longer than 24hrs
ii. Gradual Painless Loss
- Cataract
- Refractive Errors
- Open Angle Glaucoma
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- A.R.M.D.
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SYMPTOMATIC CASSIFICATION
B. Visual loss lasting longer than 24hrs
iii. Painful Loss
-Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
- Optic Neuritis
-Uveitis
- Corneal Hydrops
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CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSINC.R.A.O
Work – up :
- Immediate ESR.
Treatment :
- Start immediately after the Dx. Is made before the work-up, if the CRAO has been present < 24 hours.
a. Ocular Massage
b. A / C Paracentesis
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CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONC.R.V.O
Symptoms :
- Painless Loss of Vision
Signs :
-Haemorrhage & Exudation
Etiology :
- Arteiosclerosis of the adjacent CRA.
-Hypertension
- Optic Disc edema
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CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONC.R.V.O
Etiology :
- Glaucoma
- Optic Disc Drusen
- Hypercoagulation State ( e.g. Polycethemia)
- Vasculitis (e.g. Sarcoid)
- Drugs
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CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONC.R.V.O
Work – up :
- Complete Ocular Examination
- Complete medical evaluation
Treatment :
-No specific immediate treatment
- Treat underline cause
- laser for persistent macular edema
if indicated
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CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSIONC.R.A.O
Symptoms :
- Sudden painless loss of vision
Signs :
- Opaque retina : Cherry red macula
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CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSIONC.R.A.O
Etiology :
- Emboli
- Thrombus
- GCA
- Collagen Vascular Disease (e.g. SLE)
- Hypercoagulation Disease (e.g.
Polycethemia)
- Rare – migraine , Tumor
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CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSIONC.R.A.O
Work – up :
- Immediate ESR.
Treatment :
- Start immediately after the Dx. Is made before the work- up ,if the CRAO has been present < 24 hour
a. Ocular Massage
b. A/C Paracentesis
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CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONC.R.V.O
Symptoms :
- Painless Loss of Vision
Signs :
- Haemorrhage & Exudation
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CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONC.R.V.O
Etiology :
- Arteriosclerosis of the adjacent CRA.
-Hypertension
- Optic Disc edema
- Glaucoma
- Optic Disc Drusen
- Hyoercoagulation State( e.g. Polycethemia)
- Vasculitis (e.g. Sarcoid)
- Drugs
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CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONC.R.V.O
Work- up :
- Complete Ocular Examination
- Complete medical evaluation
Treatment :
- No specific immediate treatment.
- Treat underline cause
- Laser for persistent macular edema if
indicated
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ACUTE VISUAL LOSS
HOW THE VISION FORMED
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TWO SYSTEM
- OPTICAL (ANATOMICAL)
SYSTEM
- VISUAL PATHWAY
SYSTEM
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OPTICAL (ANATOMICAL)
SYSTAM
A .CORNEA B . LENS
C . A / C D .VITREOUS
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VISUAL PAHWAY SYSTAM
RETINA
OPTIC N
OPTIC TRACT
OPTIC CHIASM
OPTIC RADIATION
OCCIPITAL REGION
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ACUTE VISUAL LOSS
HOW THE VISION LOST
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ACUTE VISUAL LOSSOPTCAL /ANATOMICAL
CORNEA
A/C
LENS
VITREOUS ARE MOST COMMON
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ACUTE VISUAL LOSSVISUAL PATHWAY
RETINA
OPTIC NERVE
REST OF VISUAL PATHWAY
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ACUTE VISUAL LOSS
SUDDEN, MINUTES,
HOURS OR FEW DAYS
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TEMPORARY VISUAL LOSS
FEW SECONDS __ PAPILLEDEMA
1-10 MINUTES __ T.I.A.
10-60 MINUTES __ MIGRAIN H/A
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PERMANENT VISUAL LOSS
DOESN’T RECOVER BY ITSELF
OPTICAL PATHWAY/ANATOMICAL
- CORNEA
- A/C
- LENS
- VITREOUS
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PERMANENT VISUAL LOSS
VISUAL PATHWAY WAY
1.RETINAL CAUSES ‘ MOST COMMON”
2.OPTIC NERVE
3.OPTIC TRACT,CHIASM,RADIATION AND
OCCIPITAL.