acute responses to exercise. acute responses to exercise are the immediate physiological responses...
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ACUTE R
ESPONSES T
O EXERCIS
E
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Acute Responses to Exercise are the immediatephysiological responses to exercise.
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Cardiovascular ResponsesHeart Rate (HR) – measured in beats per minute bpm
• Increase – sub max (steady state)
• Increase linearly until predicted max
• Predicted maximum is a calculation – 220-Age = no change
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Cardiovascular ResponsesStroke Volume (SV) – Volume of Bloodthe volume of blood pumped from the Left ventricle of the heart with each beat.
• Increases as heart contracts more forcefully
• Rest = 60 – 80 mL per beat• Max Stroke Volume = 90 -120 mL per beat reached during sub max exercise
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Cardiovascular ResponsesCardiac Output (Q)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cardiac output (Q) is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a ventricle in a minute. An average cardiac output would be 5L.min-1 for a human male and 4.5L.min-1 for a female
Q = SV x HR
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Cardiac Output (Q)
• Rest = 4-6 litres of blood pumped per
minute.
• Cardiac Output increases to steady state at
constant pace or linearly with increasing intensity up to
exhaustion
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Cardiovascular ResponsesBlood Pressure is the pressure exerted against the arterial wall
Systole and Diastole
Systolic Pressure Increases as greater volume of blood fills the
arteries
Diastolic Pressure remains fairly constant
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Blood Flow
80 – 85% Q to working muscles
• Decrease in blood flow to the organs
• Increase to lungs
• Increase coronary blood flow
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Cardiovascular ResponsesArterio-Venous Oxygen Difference (A-VO2) is the difference in the Oxygen Concentration between the arteries and the veins
• Increase from rest (more blood absorbed into muscles)
• a-vO2 diff at rest = 6mL/100mL
• a-vO2 = 19mL/100mL (artery) – 4mL/100mL (vein) = 15mL/100mL
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Cardiovascular ResponsesBlood Plasma is the yellow liquid component of blood inwhich the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended.
It makes up about 55% of the total blood volume. It is theintravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside of
cells).
It is mostly water (93% by volume) and contains dissolved proteins, glucose,
clotting factors, mineral ions, hormones and carbon dioxide (plasma being
the main medium for excretory product transportation).
Decreases due to increased sweating
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Respiratory ResponsesRespiratory Rate (breaths/min)
• 12 -15 breaths per minute at rest
• 40 - 50 breaths per minute during exercise
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Respiratory ResponsesTidal volume is the lung volume representing the normalvolume of air displaced between normal inhalation andexhalation when extra effort is not applied. Increased
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Respiratory ResponsesVentilation = Respiratory Rate x Tidal Volume
At restV = 0.5 litres x 12 breaths per min V = 6 litres/min During ExerciseV = 2.5 litres x 45 breaths per minV = 112.5 litres
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Respiratory ResponsesLung DiffusionIncreases due to increase in Blood Flow and dilation of
capillaries surrounding the alveoli
Oxygen Uptake (VO2)Increases as body absorbs more oxygen and uses it to
produce more aerobic energy
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Muscular Adaptations
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Muscular Adaptations• Increased number of muscular contractions
• Increased motor unit activation
• Increased muscle temperature
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CHRONIC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Muscular Adaptations• Depletion of ATP/PC stores
• Depletion of Glycogen and Triglyceride stores
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ACUTE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE
Muscular Adaptations• Increased blood flow as capillaries dilate
• Increased oxygen extraction
• Increased enzyme activity