ACUTE INFLAMATIONInfammatio-Latin word("infammo", meaning "I set alight, I ignite".Not a disease !Is usua! a mani"estation o" disease.#EFINITION$ea%tion o" a tissue & its mi%ro%ir%uation to a 'at(ogeni% insut.It is a %om'e) rea%tion in *as%uari+ed %onne%ti*e tissue. It is %(ara%teri+ed ,! mo*ement o" fuid and eu%o%!tes "rom ,ood into e)tra *as%uar tissues ,! generation o" %(emi%a mediatorsCLASSIFICATIONOFINFLAMMATION1.ACUTE INFLAMMATION Initia and "or s(ort duration( Mins - (rs-da!s-E)udation o" fuid . 'asma 'roteins /o!mor'(s2. CHRONICINFLAMMATION- 0u,se1uent, o"ten 'roonged.L!m'(o%!tes . Ma%ro'(ages/roi"eration o" 23 . CT . ne%rosis

0u4) - itisCAU0E05-Mi%ro,es(e.g. '!ogeni% ,a%teria, *iruses- Infections (bacteia!" #ia!" $%&'a!" (aasitic) a&* +ic,bia! t,-i&s ae a+,&' t.e +,st c,++,& a&* +e*ica!!/ i+(,ta&t ca%ses ,$ i&0a++ati,&. Ma++a!s (,ssess +a&/ +ec.a&is+s $, se&si&' t.e (ese&ce ,$ +ic,bes. A+,&' t.e +,st i+(,ta&t ece(t,s $, +ic,bia! (,*%cts ae t.e $a+i!/ ,$ T,!!-!i1e ece(t,s (TLRs)" 2.ic. ca& *etect bacteia" #i%ses" a&* $%&'i .E&'a'e+e&t ,$ t.ese ece(t,s ti''es si'&a!i&' (at.2a/s t.at sti+%!ate t.e (,*%cti,& ,$ #ai,%s +e*iat,s67!'ersensiti*it!(e.g. 'arasites, tu,er%e ,a%ii- 6/(!si%a agents(eg5trauma, ionising radiation-6Irritant and %orrosi*e %(emi%asTissue ne%rosis(e.g. is%(aemi% in"ar%tion.-Se#ea! +,!ec%!es e!ease* $,+ &ec,tic ce!!s ae 1&,2& t, e!icit i&0a++ati,&3 %ic aci*" a*e&,si&e ti(.,s(.ate" HM45-13 a&* e#e& 6NA. Hypoxia" 2.ic. ,$te& %&*e!ies ce!! i&7%/" is a!s, itse!$ a& i&*%ce ,$ t.e i&0a++at,/ es(,&se. T.is es(,&se is +e*iate* !a'e!/ b/ a (,tei& ca!!e* HIF-18 (./(,-ia-i&*%ce* $act,-18)" 2.ic. is (,*%ce* b/ ce!!s *e(i#e* ,$ ,-/'e& a&* acti#ates t.e ta&sci(ti,& ,$ +a&/ 'e&es i,!#e* i& i&0a++ati,&" i&c!%*i&' #asc%!a e&*,t.e!ia! ',2t. $act, (9E4F)" 2.ic. i&ceases #asc%!a (e+eabi!it/CELL0 IN3OL3E# IN INFLAMMATIONACUTE INFLAMMATIONNeutro'(is main!Ma%ro'(agesC7$ONIC INFLAMMATIONM,&,&%c!ea ce!!s" 2.ic. i&c!%*e +ac,(.a'es" !/+(.,c/tes" a&* (!as+a ce!!sAi+sEiminate 'at(oogi% insut$emo*e in8ured tissue %om'onents/rote%ti*e res'onse7and in (and wit( re'air ESSENTIALMACROSCO:ICA::EARANCEOFACUTEINFLAMMATION;:H +ic,+etes (?+)"c/t,(!as+ is (i&1.N%c!e%s .as a c.aacteistic !,be* a((eaa&ce (2>)" t.e se(aate !,bes c,&&ecte* b/ c,aseC.,+ati&A$te e&tei&' tiss%es" &e%t,(.i!s ae s.,t-!i#e*3 t.e/ %&*e', a(,(t,sis a&* *isa((ea a$te 2@ t, @A .,%s.NEUT$O/7IL @$ANULE0@$ANULE0 CONTENT/rimar!(a+uro'(ii%- m!eo'ero)idase, ,a%teri%idaA'ermea,iit!-in%reasing 'rotein (2/I-, #e"ensins, and t(e serine 'roteases neutro'(i eastase and %at(e'sin @0e%ondar!(s'e%iB%- a=aine '(os'(atase, !so+!me, NA#/7 o)idase, %oagenase, La%to"errin and Cat(ei%idinTertiar! geatinaseEARL