acuifero de nubia

8/17/2019 Acuifero de Nubia

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FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA

CARRERA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL

TEMA:

ACUÍFERO DE PIEDRA ARENISCA DE NUBIA

PROYECTO: “Gran Río Artifiia! " Li#ia$

ASIGNATURA: A%&a' St(rr)n(a'

DOCENTE: In%* Car!o' L&na Loa+,a

ALUMNO': - Ata& C-&ta' B(n.i- Barri(nto' C-o/&( L&i' Ro0ri%o- Ca'a1(r0( Mont(' I!an Frani'- Man0&ra C-o/&( Ro0ri%o Mi%&(!


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Índice

I* INTRODUCCI2N...................................................................................................3

II* DESARROLLO DE LAS AGUAS SUBTERR3NEAS...................................................3

III* 3FRICA.............................................................................................................. 4

G(n(ra!i0a0('.......................................................................................................4

Acuíferos.............................................................................................................4

Li'ta 0( !o' 45 a&íf(ro' 6)' %ran0(' 0(! 6&n0o...................................................5

A&íf(ro' (n )fria..............................................................................................5

Ma7a 0( a&íf(ro' (n 3fria.................................................................................6

Ma7a 0( a7ai0a0 0( a!6a(na.( 0( a%&a' 't(rr)n(a'......................................7

IV* PROBLEM3TICA ACTUAL 83FRICA9......................................................................7

D(6an0a 0( a%&a (n (! 6&n0o...............................................................................7

E! 0i!(6a 0( !a 7(rforain...................................................................................8

E! a6#io !i6)tio.............................................................................................8

Lo' a&íf(ro' o6o 'o!&in................................................................................... 8

V* SISTEMA ACUIFERO DE PIEDRA ARENISCA DE NUBIA " LIBIA.............................10

D('ri7in......................................................................................................... 10

G(o!o%ía............................................................................................................11

E;7!otain.........................................................................................................17

VI* PROYECTO DE E?&fra9...................................................................................................22

CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................... 23


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I* INTRODUCCI2NEn !a Ti(rra -a+ 4@5 6i!!on(' 0( =6@ D( !o' &a!(': Oano' + 6ar('8'a!a0a9 H A%&a D&!( A%&a D&!( a'/&(t(' 7o!ar(' H5 A%&a't(rr)n(a*

E! a%&a 't(rr)n(a (' (! r(&r'o #a'( rítio 7ara !a 'o#r(1i1(nia -&6ana + (!0('arro!!o (on6io (n )r(a' (;t(n'a' '&.(ta' a '(/&ía' (n (! 3fria '&r>ori(nta!ori(nta! + oi0(nta! " 'o#r( to0o (n !a' r(%ion(' on !!&1ia' 6(0ia' 6(nor(' a&no' 4*555 66a* E'ta' )r(a' 8+ (n %(n(ra! 6)' 0( 5 0( to0a !a '&7(rfii( 0(!S>Sa-ara Afriano9

II* DESARROLLO DE LAS AGUAS SUBTERR3NEASLo' a&íf(ro' 't(rr)n(o' '( !!(naron on a%&a 7or J!ti6a 1(, -a( 6)' 0( *555aKo'* Y '& on'(r1ain ti(n( /&( 1(r on !a 'o!i0(, 0( &n )r(a tan 1a'ta o6o !a/&( a tra1' 0( !o' 'i%!o' '( -a 0('arro!!a0o (n (! 0('i(rto 0(! Sa-ara*

Lo' i(ntífio' r(o7i!aron !a infor6ain 0( !o' 6a7a' -i0ro%(o!%io' at&a!(' 0(!o' %o#i(rno' naiona!(' a'í o6o 0( H@ ('t&0io' 0( !o' a&íf(ro'* Y 0i(n /&(!o' 6a7a' /&( 0('arro!!aron on (!!a in0ian /&( 1ario' 7aí'(' at&a!6(nt(0(no6ina0o' o6o ('a'o' 0( a%&a ti(n(n &na r('(r1a '&'tania! 0( a%&a't(rr)n(a*

Mapa de las grandes reservas a nivel mundial.


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III* 3FRICA

G(n(ra!i0a0('

Superficie 30 221 535 km² Población 1000 millones de

personas1(Est. 2009 ) hab.Densidad 33 hab. km² Gentilicio a!ri"ano# a!ri"anaSubdivisiones $!ri"a del %orte

$!ri"a del &ur $!ri"a del Este $!ri"a del 'este $!ri"a entral

Acuíferos

S( 0(fin( a&íf(ro o6o “&na o 6)' a7a' 't(rr)n(a' 0( roa o 0( otro' ('trato'%(o!%io' /&( ti(n(n !a '&fii(nt( 7oro'i0a0 + 7(r6(a#i!i0a0 7ara 7(r6itir +a '(a&n f!&.o 'i%nifiati1o 0( a%&a' 't(rr)n(a' o !a (;train 0( anti0a0(''i%nifiati1a' 0( a%&a' 't(rr)n(a'$* E'ta 6i'6a Dir(ti1a 0(fin( o6o 6a'a 0(a%&a 't(rr)n(a “&n 1o!&6(n !ara6(nt( 0if(r(nia0o 0( a%&a' 't(rr)n(a' (n&n a&íf(ro o a&íf(ro'$*

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kil%C3%B3metro_cuadradohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kil%C3%B3metro_cuadradohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica#cite_note-AfricaNews-1https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3nhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3nhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3nhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kil%C3%B3metro_cuadradohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Nortehttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Surhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Estehttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Oestehttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_Centralhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kil%C3%B3metro_cuadradohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica#cite_note-AfricaNews-1https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3nhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3nhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kil%C3%B3metro_cuadradohttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Nortehttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Surhttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Estehttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_del_Oestehttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_Central


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Li'ta 0( !o' 45 a&íf(ro' 6)' %ran0(' 0(! 6&n0o

Ar(ni'a' 0( Nia (n 3fria* H*55*555 6@ 0( a%&a*Gran C&(na Art('iana (n A&'tra!ia 4*5*555 6@ 0( a%&a* A&íf(ro G&araní (n Ar%* Bra* Ur&%* Para%* 4*H55*555 6@ 0( a%&a*Nort( 0( Sa-ara (n 3fria 4*5@5*555 6@ 0( a%&a*C&(na 0( Tao&0(ni (n 3fria 55*555 6@ 0( a%&a*C&(na 0( M&r,i (n Afria 55*555 6@ 0( a%&a*C&(na 0( I!!&r6(0(n (n Afria H*555 6@ 0( a%&a* A&if(ro O%a!!a!a (n USA 5*555 6@ 0( a%&a*Cannin% Offi(r (n A&'tra!ia 55*555 6@ 0( a%&a* A&if(ro Sa&0i (n A'ia 45*555 6@ 0( a%&a*

A&íf(ro' (n )fria Si't(6a A&íf(ro 0( Pi(0ra Ar(ni'a 0( Nia on &n 1o!&6(n ('ti6a0o 0(

45*555 6@ r( &no' H*H55*555 6Q (n !a 7art( ori(nta! 0(! D('i(rto 0(!S)-ara (ntr( Li#ia E%i7to C-a0 + S&0)n*

A&íf(ro 0(! Nort( 0(! S)-ara on &n 1o!&6(n 0( 5*555 6@* S( trata 0( !aC&(na 0(! Sa-ara '(7t(ntriona! 8a! Noro('t( for6a0o 7or a&íf(ro' 0(!ontin(nta! int(ra!ar + 0(! o67!(.o t(r6ina!9 (;t(n0i0a 7or 4*555*555 6H'o#r( Ar%(!ia Li#ia + TJn(,*

Si't(6a A&íf(ro 0( I&!!(6(0(n on 45*555 a 4*555 6@ + on 55*5556H 0( (;t(n'in (n Ma!í Ní%(r + Ni%(ria*

C&(na 0(! M&r,& on &n 1o!&6(n 0( *55 6@ + on 5*555 6H 0((;t(n'in (n Ar%(!ia Li#ia + Ní%(r*


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Ma7a 0( a&íf(ro' (n 3fria


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Ma7a 0( a7ai0a0 0( a!6a(na.( 0( a%&a' 't(rr)n(a'

IV* PROBLEM3TICA ACTUAL 83FRICA9

D(6an0a 0( a%&a (n (! 6&n0o

%E&' (2003). *+ater !or ,eople# +ater !or -i!e. Mapa de la disponibilidad deagua respe"to a la pobla"i/n por "ontinentes


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E! 0i!(6a 0( !a 7(rforainSin (6#ar%o !o' i(ntífio' 'on a&t(!o'o' a(ra 0( !a 6(.or 6an(ra 0( a(0(r a('to' r(&r'o' o&!to'* E!!o' '&%i(r(n /&( !a 7(rforain 0( 'on0(o 0if&n0i0o 0(%ran0(' 7o,o' no 7o0ría f&nionar*

A!an MaDona!0 a&tor 7rini7a! 0(! ('t&0io !( 0i.o a !a BBC: Una 7(rforain-on0a 0( !o' 7o,o' no 0(#( '(r r(a!i,a0a 'in &n onoi6i(nto 0( !a' on0iion(' 0(!a' a%&a' 't(rr)n(a' !oa!('*E' 7ro#a#!( /&( -&(o' 0( 7(rforain '&7(rfiia!(' (n !&%ar(' a7ro7ia0o' 7ara'&6ini'tro r&ra! 0( a%&a + #o6#a' 0( 6ano t(n%an ;ito*Con no 6&-o' a&íf(ro' !!(no' 0(#i0o a !a fa!ta 0( !!&1ia !o' i(ntífio' ('t)n7r(o&7a0o' 0( /&( !a' %ran0(' 7(rforaion(' 0(! 7o,o 7o0ría a%otar (! r(&r'oon ra7i0(,*S(%Jn (!(n Bon'or a 1((' !o' 6(0io' 0( (;train 6)' !(nto' 7&(0(n '(r !o'6)' (fii(nt('*

En %ran 7art( 0( 3fria ''a-ariana -a+ -on0o' a&íf(ro' 0( a!6a(na6i(nto0i.o 7(ro n&('tro tra#a.o 0(6&('tra /&( on (;7!orain + on'tr&in&i0a0o'a' -a+ '&fii(nt( a%&a 't(rr)n(a (n 3fria 7ara (ntrar'( (n 7(rforain'&7(rfiia! + on ('o '&7!ir !a 0(6an0a*Lo' i(ntífio' 0i(n /&( -a+ r('(r1a' '&fii(nt(' 7ara 7o0(r -a(r fr(nt( a !o'a7ri-o' 0(! a6#io !i6)tio*a'ta (n !o' a&íf(ro' 0( 7oo a!6a(na6i(nto (n ,ona' '(6i)ri0a' 0on0( !!&(1(6&+ 7oo (n !a at&a!i0a0 (! a%&a ti(n( &n ti(67o 0( 7(r6an(nia (n (! '&(!o 0(H5 a 5 aKo'* Dr* Bon'or 0i.o*

A'í /&( a! rit6o at&a! 0( (;train !a' a%&a' 't(rr)n(a' 7ro7orionan +'(%&ir)n 7ro7orionan0o &n o!-n a !a 1aria#i!i0a0 !i6)tia 7ara on'&6o + 7arari(%o a 7(/&(Ka ('a!a*

E! a6#io !i6)tioLa' 7(rt&r#aion(' !i6)tia' (n to0o (! 6&n0o -an t(ni0o 7rof&n0a' r(7(r&'ion('(n !a' (;i't(nia' 0( a%&a 0( !a r(%in 0(! Sa-(!* En !o' J!ti6o' aKo' ('ta(orr(%in '(6i)ri0a 0( tran'iin -a t(ni0o /&( -a(r fr(nt( a 7ro#!(6a'i67ortant(' + 7(r'i't(nt(' ta!(' o6o !o' (f(to' noi1o' 0(! a6#io !i6)tio !o'

r(%í6(n(' 0( 7r(i7itaion(' irr(%&!ar(' + !a' '(/&ía' r(&rr(nt(' !o /&( -a!!(1a0o a &na r(0&in 0( !a' o'(-a'* E! a%&a 't(rr)n(a (' !a 7rini7a! f&(nt(0( a%&a 7ara 6&-o' -a#itant(' 0( !a r(%in 0(! Sa-(!* A&n/&( ('t)n a&6(ntan0o!a' ati1i0a0(' 0( (;train 0( a%&a 't(rr)n(a 0( !o' a&íf(ro' no ('t)n'&fii(nt(6(nt( r(%!a6(nta0a' 7or !o /&( -a+ &na (;7!otain (;('i1a 0(r(&r'o' -í0rio' on '& on'i%&i(nt( 0i'6in&in (n tr6ino' 0( anti0a0 + 0(a!i0a0*

Lo' a&íf(ro' o6o 'o!&inS( ('ti6a /&( (n to0a 3fria 6)' 0( @55 6i!!on(' 7(r'ona' no ti(n(n a('o a!a%&a 7ota#!(*


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La 0(6an0a 0( a%&a ('t) 0('tina0a a r((r on'i0(ra#!(6(nt( (n !a' 7r;i6a'0a0a' 0(#i0o a! r(i6i(nto 0(6o%r)fio + !a n(('i0a0 0( ri(%o 7ara &!ti1o'*Río' + !a%o' 0( a%&a 0&!( ('t)n '&.(to' a in&n0aion(' + '(/&ía' ('taiona!(' /&(7&(0(n !i6itar '& 0i'7oni#i!i0a0 7ara !a' 7(r'ona' + !a a%ri&!t&ra* En !a at&a!i0a0

'o!o (! 0( !a ti(rra &!ti1a#!( (' 0( r(%a0ío* A-ora !o' i(ntífio' !!(1aron a a#o7or 7ri6(ra 1(, &n an)!i'i' 0(! a%&a /&( '( ('on0( (n !o' a&íf(ro' #a.o !a'&7(rfii( 0( to0o (! ontin(nt(* In1('ti%a0or(' 0(! Briti'- G(o!o%ia! S&r1(+ 8BGS9+ !a Uni1(r'i0a0 Co!!(%( Lon0on 8UCL9 arto%rafiaron (n 0(ta!!( !a anti0a0 + (!r(n0i6i(nto 7ot(nia! 0( ('t( r(&r'o 0( a%&a 't(rr)n(a (n to0o (! ontin(nt(*


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V* SISTEMA ACUIFERO DE PIEDRA ARENISCA DE NUBIA " LIBIA

D('ri7inE! Si't(6a A&íf(ro 0( Pi(0ra Ar(ni'a 0( Nia (' (! 6a+or a&íf(ro 0( a%&a f'i!0(! 6&n0o ('to (' !a 6a+or r('(r1a 0( a%&a 't(rr)n(a no r(a#a't(i0a 7or otra'

f&(nt('* Cr( &no' H 555 555 0( =6H

(n !a 7art( ori(nta! 0(! D('i(rto 0(! S)-ara(ntr( Li#ia E%i7to C-a0 + S&0)n + '( ('ti6a /&( onti(n( &no' 45 555 =6 @ 0(a%&a*

bi"a"i/n polti"a del "u!ero de %ubia

E! a%&a f'i! (' a%&a 't(rr)n(a /&( -a 7(r6an(i (n &n a&íf(ro 7or 6i!(nio'


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Mapa general del &istema de "u!ero de %ubia

G(o!o%íaE! 'i't(6a 0(#( '& no6#r( a /&( ('t) o67&('to #)'ia6(nt( 0( 7i(0ra ar(ni'af(rr&%ino'a 0&ra 8ar(ni'a Nia9 on a#&n0ant( 7r('(nia 0( 7i,arra + ari!!a on&n %ro'or 0( (ntr( 45 + H55 6(tro'*


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&e""iones generales de las unidades del "u!ero de %ubia


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S& 'a!ini0a0 o'i!a (ntr( H5 + 4@55 776 !o /&( !( -a( a0(&a0a (n '& 6a+or 7art( 7ara '& &'o -&6ano on 7r(0o6inania 0( ation(' 0( 'o0io a!io +6a%n('io + anion(' 0( !or&ro 'o#r( (! '&!fato + #iar#onato*

Espesor del "u!ero de %ubia

E! a%&a '( r(( /&( (' 0( ori%(n 6(t(rio 8fi!traion(' 0( a%&a 0( !!&1ia9a&6&!a0a 0&rant( !a J!ti6a (ra %!aia! &an0o !a ,ona (ra -J6(0a + frti!*


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iagrama de la ondu"tividad idr4uli"a para el "u!ero de %ubia


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Mapa idrogeol/gi"o del "u!ero de %ubia


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ondi"iones simuladas del a"u!ero en estado lleno.


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E;7!otainE;t(n0in0o'( a'i tota!6(nt( 'o#r( &n )r(a 0('rtia (! a&íf(ro ti(n( &na(nor6( i67ortant( 7ot(nia! (n (! 0('arro!!o 0( !o' 7aí'(' /&( a#ara*

E! 7ro+(to 6)' a6#iio'o 7ro+(ta0o -a'ta !a f(-a (' (! !!a6a0o Gran Río

Artifiia! (n Li#ia* E't( 7ro+(to on'i't( (n !a (;train 0( a%&a 7ara irri%ar 0i1(r'a' (;7!otaion(' a%río!a' 7rini7a!6(nt( (! oa'i' 0( A!>?&fra a'í o6o (n (!'&6ini'tro 6(0iant( %ran0(' ana!i,aion(' a !a' ,ona' o't(ra' 0( Li#ia /&(ti(n(n &n '&6ini'tro nat&ra! 0( a%&a !i6ita0a* E! 7ro+(to (;tra( a%&a a &n rit6o 0(H*@ =6@ an&a!('* A'i6i'6o 0('0( H554 '( ('t) !!(1an0o a a#o (n (! '&r 0(E%i7to &n 7ro+(to 0( r(&7(rain 0( ti(rra' 0('(rtifia0a' (ra 0( !a ,ona 0( A#& Si6#(!*

Foto%rafía 7or 'at!it( 0(! oa'i' 0( A!>?&fra* Lo' ír&!o' 'on a67o' r(%a0o' 7or (!'i't(6a 0( 7i1ot( (ntra!*

aria"i/n de las "ara"tersti"as del po6o "on el terreno


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VI* PROYECTO DE E


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Es7uema del pro8e"to


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El agua es transportada por una red de tuberas subterr4neas de m4s de 000 km


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E! a&íf(ro 0( 0on0( (' ori%inaria (! a%&a (' onoi0o o6o (! 'i't(6a a&íf(ro 0(7i(0ra ar(ni'a 0( Nia + '&' orí%(n(' '( r(6ontan a !a J!ti6a (ra 0( -i(!o 'inr(7o'iin at&a!* Conti(n( (ntr( 455 555 + 45 555 =6@ 0( a%&a 't(rr)n(a0i'7oni#!(*

:magen en !also "olor del reservorio ;rand 'mar Mukhtar. El agua se muestra a6ul os"uro. -a vegeta"i/n se muestra ro


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=&fra 8A!>?&fra9 E' &na r(%in a! '&r('t( 0( Li#ia 0on0( (;i't( &n i67ortant( 7ro+(to -í0rio + 0(irri%ain 7ro+(ta0o 7or (! ('ta0o !i#io 7ara 0('arro!!ar !o' &!ti1o' 0( 1(%(ta!(' (n(! 0('i(rto*

E! ri(%o '( -a( on a%&a 't(rr)n(a /&( (' 7ro1i'ta 7or (! Gran Río Artifiia! +a/&( !a' !!&1ia' (n !a r(%in 'on 7r)tia6(nt( in(;i't(nt('* La irri%ain '( !!(1a aa#o a tra1' 0(! 'i't(6a ra0ia!*

E! oa'i' 0( =&fra (' &na 0( !a' r(aion(' -&6ana' /&( 6(.or 7&(0( 1(r'( 0('0((! ('7aio* Ca0a ír&!o ti(n( 4 6 0( 0i)6(tro a7ro;i6a0a6(nt(*

=otogra!a a>rea de los "ampos irrigados "on el sistema radial


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ista satelital de ?u!ra

CONCLUSIONS-

P('( a !a ('a'(, 0(! a%&a (n 3fria ('t( (' &n t(rritorio /&( &(nta onr(&r'o' 0( %ran 0i6(n'in 7(ro 0(#i0o a !a #a.a on0iin (on6ia 0( !a6a+or 7art( 0(! ontin(nt( no '( 7&(0(n 0('arro!!ar 7ro+(to' /&(a7ro1(-(n ('t( r(&r'o*

- To0a' !a' t(n0(nia' at&a!(' '&%i(r(n /&( !a (;7!otain 0( a&íf(ro''(%&ir) (n a&6(nto + (' i67ortant( ono(r !a' t(no!o%ía' 0( (;train7(ro on r('7on'a#i!i0a0 6ant(ni(n0o !a 'o't(ni#i!i0a0 0(! a&íf(ro*

- E! a6#io !i6)tio af(ta a !o' a&íf(ro' /&( r(i#(n '&' r(ar%a' 0( !a'!!&1ia' (n a/&(!!a' ,ona' 0on0( !a 7r(i7itain 7!&1ia! '( -a 1i'to0i'6in&i0a*

- E! a&íf(ro 6)' r(7r('(ntati1o + 'i%nifiati1o 0( 3fria (' (! Si't(6a A&íf(ro0( Pi(0ra Ar(ni'a 0( Nia on 45 555 =6@ 0( r('(r1a*

acuifero de nubia

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