activity 1.4.2 sketching practice

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Activity 1.4.2 Sketching PracticeIntroduction

Pictorial drawings show the shape of an object viewed by the human eye. Pictorialsketches are sketches that show height, width, and depth all in one view. Commontypes of pictorial drawings are isometric and perspective.

An isometric sketch shows an object in which the width and depth are projected at30 degree angles from the horizontal axis. The height, width, and depth values areall at the same scale. A technique that you can use when making an isometricsketch is to use isometric grid paper. This helps with determining the correct anglefor your sketch.

Perspective is a way to draw that shows a view of the object in the most realisticway. Vanishing points are used to guide the lines in the object to the horizon line orthe horizontal line that you see at your line of sight. In a one-point perspective, alllines in the depth project to one point (the vanishing point). For example, when youlook down a long, straight train track, it appears that the track eventually narrowsuntil it vanishes. In a two-point perspective, the width lines converge on onevanishing point, and the depth lines converge on the other vanishing point. Think ofstanding at the corner of a city block; the buildings vanish in both directions.

Pictorial sketches help engineers explain ideas and communicate to the customerwhat the final part will look like. Unfortunately, pictorial drawings have somedisadvantages. Foreshortened views and distorted features do not allow for accurateprototyping. In order for parts to be accurately depicted, you typically need viewsthat directly portray each surface. In order to obtain these straight line views, wehave a type of drawing called orthographic projection, also known as multiviewdrawing. Orthographic projection is a way to project a view based on a line of sightthat is perpendicular to that view. Orthographic drawings are said to show true sizeand shape.

Look at your GTT notebook. How many sides does it have? That’s right, six. The topand bottom are similar, the right and left are similar, and the front and back aresimilar. In orthographic projection we typically draw only 3 views: the front, top, andright side. We use hidden lines to represent features that are on the surfaces thatare not visible in the view we are sketching.

Let’s practice some sketching. Remember the more you practice, the better you willbecome. Always sketch with a pencil and make sure that you have a good erasernearby.

EquipmentProject Lead The Way, mc,

Copyright 2010GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4 — Activity 1.4.2 — Sketching Practice —

• GTT notebook• Pencil• Eraser• Straight edge or ruler• Isometric graph paper• Orthographic graph paper• Wooden blocks, sugar cubes, plastic linking cubes, and other shapes to form

various objects for students to draw

ProcedureIn this activity you will create a portfolio of sketches and drawings that will enableyou to learn and understand the terminology and different methods of sketching.These skills will allow you to better communicate your ideas. Follow along as yourteacher discusses the Sketching Practice presentation.

1. Describe a pictorial sketch.

2. Practice pictorial sketching with the two objects that your teacher provides.Remember to use a pencil and sketch lightly. Darken your final image.

3. Create an isometric sketch of a cube using the isometric graph paper below. Payclose attention to which lines are vertical and which lines are parallel. Label thesketch.

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GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4 — Activity 1.4.2 — Sketching Practice —

4. Follow the steps below to create an isometric sketch using the additive andsubtractive method to create a 3D picture.

Start with theIsometric axis.

Add vertical lines fromthe corners so thatyour isometric axisnow looks like this.Try to keep your linesparallel to the centerline.Add lines for widthparallel to the widthaxis.

Finish the cube withlines for depth that areparallel to the lines forthe depth axis.

To add a shape usingthe Additive Method,cut away the back

Height

Mdth

LDept

For examoe

Deoth lines added

Width

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corner by using thelines that are parallelto the width and depthaxis. Be sure toconnect the lines andkeep them parallel.

Add three lines to thecut away that areparallel to the heightaxis. The lengthshould be not morethan % inch.Finish off the additionof the new shape bycompleting the widthand height of the topof the new shape.Remember to keepthe lines parallel withthe respective axis.

To remove a shapefrom an object usingthe SubtractiveMethod, draw twovertical lines and aline parallel to boththe width and depthaxis as shown on thedrawing below.

Add lines on the topsurface to completethe area that will beremoved. Be carefulto keep your linesparallel and the samelength.



Notice lines are stillparallel to theirresoective axis and

New lines added to add ashaoe to the oriciinal cube

Vertical lines

New lines on top added tocomplete cut away

Erase the front corner

lines, those that cometogether in a point inthe section to beremoved.

Add the isometric axisto the inside of thearea cut away. Yourfinal figure should looklike the one below.

...

... I.. .

I..

I.

5. Describe a perspective drawing.

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6. Create a one-point perspective in the space below. Extend light lines to thevanishing point.

Vanishing Point +

+

Station Point

7. Create a two-point perspective in the space below. Extend light lines to thevanishing points.

+ Vanishing Point Vanishing Point +

+

Station Point

8. Describe an orthographic (multiview) sketch.


GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4 — Activity 1 4 2 — Sketching Prachce —

9. Draw the orthographic sketch using the graph paper below. Line up the views sothat the top view is directly above the front view and the side view is directly tothe right of the front view. Label the views.

I L L I I J ._L L_L .J .1 I I L_L L I I I I 1. L L I

I P I I I I I I 11111 I I

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10. What factors should you consider when deciding which side of an object is thefront?

11 . What is meant by precedence of lines?

Conclusion1. Your teacher will provide you with an object to sketch as well as isometric and

orthographic graph paper.

a. Draw this object as an isometric drawing and an orthographic (multi-view)drawing.


GTT — Unit I — Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.2 — Sketching Practice —

b. Title each sketch and label the views of the orthographic drawing. Be surethat your orthographic drawing is properly oriented.

2. What determines the best type of sketch or drawing to complete when you wantto communicate your idea about a solution to a technical problem?



4/17/2020 Al .4.3LanguageSkelching.docx - Google Does

Gateway To Technology

Activity 1.4.3 Language of SketchingIntroductionAn important skill that you should learn while taking Design and Modeling is the skill ofsketching. This language is quick, easy, and ‘worth a thousand words.” I know some ofyou say, “My drawings look awfull” If you stay with some of the techniques shown, all ofyou will be successful in quickly and effectively placing your ideas down on a sheet ofpaper for all to understand.

Thumbnail Sketch: This is a quick way to get an idea onto a sheet of paper. A sketchis usually small but drawn in proportion. The relationship of height to width should beshown in the thumbnail sketch. It is recommended that you use the pencil very lightlyand darken when the drawing is in its final stage. A thumbnail sketch must be asdetailed as necessary to convey your idea.

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Perspective Drawing: Perspective drawings are pictorial representations of objectsbecause they look like a photograph. Perspective drawings appear as the eye sees theobject. Geometrically, an ordinary photograph is a perspective. While perspective is ofmajor importance to the architect, industrial designer, or illustrator, the engineer at onetime or another is certain to be concerned with pictorial representations of objects.


CIT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.3 — Language of Sketching — Page 1

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One-point Perspective: In a one- point perspective, an object is situated with one faceparallel to the plane of projection; only one vanishing point is required.

VantsngPoint

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Two-point Perspective: In this type of perspective drawing, the object is situated at anangle with the picture plane but with vertical edges parallel to the picture plane. Twovanishing points are required due to the turning of the object from the picture plane;the result is a two- point perspective. This is the most common type of perspectivedrawing.

2 Vanishing PointsProjectod in Space

—-

Orthographic Drawing (commonly referred to as multi-view drawing): Aphotograph or a perspective drawing shows an object as it appears to the observer,but not as it truly is. Such a picture cannot describe the object fully, no matter fromwhich direction it is viewed, It is said that a perspective drawing doesn’t show TS&S(i.e., true size and shape). What is needed in industry is a complete and accuratedescription of the shape and size of an object that in the end will be made by the

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GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.3 — Language of Sketching — Page 2

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manufacturer. In order to provide information clearly and accurately, a number ofviews must be systematically arranged so that anyone in the world can understand.Using Universal Language Drawing practices with many views to describe an objectaccurately and clearly is called Multi-view Drawing or Orthographic Drawing.

You will learn to look at objects in Design and ModelingTM in a way that ‘normalhumans’ do not. When you look at an object as a human, you see three differentdimensions (width, height, depth) all at once (like a perspective drawing). In anorthographic drawing, you will look at the object in three different ways. You will look atthe front view and observe two dimensions — height and width; the top view shows widthand depth; and, finally, the right side view shows height and depth. You must also keepin mind that this is a Universal Language; therefore, the positioning of the views isstandard. The front view is placed in the lower left, the top view is placed directly abovethe front view, and the right side view is placed to the right of the front view.

Isometric Drawing: Orthographic Drawing:

Top View

H

_

Front View Rt Side View

Isometric Drawing: An isometric drawing is often used for quick sketching to explainan idea quickly. It does not show how we actually see an object. The objects aredrawn at an angle so that you can see three sides at once. All parallel lines aredrawn in parallel, with no vanishing points, so that lengths do not diminish in thedistance, Diagonal lines representing horizontal edges are drawn 30° from ahorizontal base line.

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GTT — Unit 1 —Lesson 4—Activity 1.4.3 — Language of Sketching — Page 3

Notice, the top view ison top of and directlyin line vertically withthe front view.

Notice, the right sideview is to the right ofand directly in linehorizontally with thefront view.

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Matching: Place the letter of the correct sketch in front of the term that describes thattype of sketch or drawing.

Thumbnail Sketch A.

One-Point Perspective B.

Two-Point Perspective C.

Orthographic Drawing D.

L__Th HIsometric Drawing E.

Conclusion1. Have you used any of these methods to sketch in other classes? If so, which

ones and in which class?

2. Which method(s) do you think we will use the most in Design and Modeling?


GTT — Unit I — Lesson 4 — Activity 1.4.3 — Language of Sketching — Page 5

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GtewayToTechnoIoqy

PROJECTLEATHEWA

Activity 1.4.4 Orthographic ProjectionIntroduction

Did you know that when an invention is sent to the patent office, the patent officemust verify that your invention is truly new and unique from other products? In orderto do this, the patent office requires explanatory drawings with your application. Asimple invention may only require one drawing. More complicated objects orproducts require orthographic drawings (commonly referred to as multi-viewdrawings) so that every feature of the invention listed is shown. This is to enableanyone with the appropriate skills to be able to build your invention and test it.

Whether you plan to invent something or whether you are just interested in learninghow to make something, a drawing helps you figure out the different parts and howthose parts go together. Orthographic drawings enable the reader of the drawings tounderstand how each part fits and how the final product should look from all views.

Orthographic projection is used to show an object in true size or scale on a flat pieceof paper. When we look at an object, we see three dimensions (height, width, depth)all at once. In an orthographic drawing, you will be looking at the object from threedifferent planes. When you look at the front, only two dimensions — height and width— appear. From the top, the two dimensions are width and depth, and from the rightside, the height and depth are the dimensions.

Equipment• GTT notebook• Pencil• Colored pencils• Straight edge• Isometric graph paper• Orthographic graph paper• Wooden blocks — 7 cubes, I cube with hole, 2 triangles, 1 half round, and 1

cylinder• Sugar cubes, plastic linking cubes, and other shapes to form various objects

for students to draw

ProcedureOrthographic Projection Activity 1:Match the isometric view with the corresponding orthographic view.

I.____________________


GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4 — Activity 4 — Orthographic Projection — Page 1

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Orthographic Projection Activity 2:In this part of the activity, you will draw the same block four ways. In each drawingthe block is turned to a different position.

1. Use colored pencils to color the top view of each block red, the front view of eachblock green, and the right side view of each block blue.

2. In each position shown, draw the top, front, and right side views of the block,making sure that the front view is in the bottom left quadrant of the graph paper,the top view is directly above the front view, and the side view is directly to theright.

3. The dimensions of the block are given in Figure 1 and are to be used for all ofthe drawings of the block.

4. Each small square represents one inch.

5. Notice that the placement of the block in a drawing may fit in the drawing spacebetter than in other views. You will also notice that each drawing may have adifferent number of hidden lines. Hidden lines are dashed lines used to representan edge that cannot be seen from a particular view.


GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4 -. Activity 4 — Orthographic Projection — Page 3

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Orthographic Projection Activity 3:In this part of the activity, you will build an object using a combination of the followingshapes — 7 cubes, 1 cube with hole, 2 triangles, 1 half round, and 1 cylinder. You willfollow the provided drawings. Finally, you will create your own object using theshapes provided.1. Use the blocks provided to create an object. You will follow the provided

drawings. The drawings are orthographic projections, so your model mustcorrectly match each view.

6. After building each object, have your teacher or another classmate check yourwork.



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Orthographic Projection Activity 4:Draw a challenge of your own on the graph paper below. Give your challenge toyour teacher or another group to solve.

1. Build a model with the blocks.

2. Draw the top, front, and right side views of the block on the graph paper.Remember that each small square represents one inch. Make sure you line upthe views correctly.

3. When the drawing is complete, have your teacher or another classmate try tobuild the object from your drawing.



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— — — — — — — — — — — —

Conclusion1. Orthographic drawings are used to express ideas that are more complicated.

Explain the purpose of the different views and the importance of view alignment.

2. How can you check an orthographic drawing to be sure there are no missinglines?

3. How is an orthographic drawing similar to or different from an isometric drawing?


GTT Unit 1 — Lesson 4 — Activity 4 — Orthographic Projection — Page 8

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Gateway To Technology

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Activity 1.45 DimensioningIntroduction

Dimensions are as important as the shapes that you sketch. In order to accuratelyreproduce a part, the manufacturer must know the proper size and the properlocation for all features. This includes the overall height, width, and depth of anobject, as well as the size and location of all other features.

There are dozens of rules and guidelines associated with dimensioning. You willlearn how to apply just eight of these in order to make your sketches easy foranyone to understand.

Equipment• GTT notebook• Pencil• Eraser• Straight edge

ProcedureIn this activity you will begin by following along as your teacher presents informationon dimensioning. Then you will apply your knowledge of dimensioning to identifymissing dimensions on orthographic drawings. Last, you will practice sketching anddimensioning in orthographic from an isometric sketch. Make sure to follow thedimensioning guidelines.

1. Why is it necessary to dimension a sketch?

2. What dimensions are needed to fully describe a sketch?

3. When using 1/4 in. graph paper, each square equals ¼ in. or .25 in. How manysquares are in:

o 1 in. =

__________

squares

o 2 in. =

_________

squares

o 2 ¼ in. =

_______

squares

o 1 ¼ in. =

_______

squares


GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4— Activity 1.4.5 — Dimensioning — Page 1

4. Now convert number of squares to a linear measurement. Again, each squareequals % in. or .25 in.

o 7 squares =

____________

inches

o l2squares=

_________

inches

o 3 squares =

___________

inches

o 9 squares = inches

5. Dimension the following sketch.

Each square on the graph equals in.

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GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 4— Activity 1.4.5 — Dimensioning — Page 2

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8. You will create orthographic drawings of objects and dimension them from theisometric sketches in both drawings below. Make sure you place the front view inthe lower left corner, the top view directly above the front view in the upper leftcorner, and the right side view to the right of the front view in the lower rightcorner. Line up your sketches both horizontally and vertically. Add all of thedimensions necessary using the scale 1 square = 1/4 in. Your dimension linesshould have arrows at the end, and extension lines should not touch the objectline.


GTT — unit i — Lesson 4— Activity 1.4.5 — Dimensioning — Page 4

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GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 1.4 Key Term Crossword - Page 1

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3 A nx1 c rxaitir tfrnkx’4cts ma ircry thaci brith.

5 Lir th ae frn au used to ccxiet a skDrde to a fLre.

9 Is s[rx1Ia fcr mitMe prcat, with is asystemused tov ai c±t. The six riutuydca a’ cDt rry 1eoed ae tq, frait, riit-sk, r, I&t-sicle,acttciii Tq, frait, au ñ-sicews aeso r&red toes fre tIro riEr viisieaet[’ ae the tI-r views nrt freeit1yisel

11 AIiisLedtoirdcetheadsdsyrrnry fcr a ci fire.

12 Afcim ictcrid &avir inwithvaisIironts aeusedtolefrechaidcstciticnt is siwiththeiirraieje.

13 A pqxrtk]iwi two sdts c dnenskns usedin thielcØrig aDcLre, lacg cr snerxctctyFes, ci mxs ac csk.

17 Exp4ac*y rdes a±ed to a ckawir.22 Ariscw &avirctaDts intIr

cInuicr Lsir a rizcn lire, a i e5, aidtwo vaisIir ixints.

23 A jxint in spaDe, usi kxed ai the [øizm,w[ee aId 1jcs ct ai ctct toconv.

28 Fir the dnkns dt he ad width, heçfiaid ch, cc width axi ch cry.

27 AfawirinwithItIies&avir aces fcme Ercjes c 120cwith the idae rcaDtkn.

28 An reectel, sthestrircxidnicr c ai ctaDt c width, heit, auicleh.

29 Also cled lirewidth. 11etlics ac a lire,chaaDteized es ttick cc tim.

30 1hnIiveJcwhHeskäc[ircr&awir.

31 A timn sdid lire perdcia- to a dnim lire,irdcir wlich fLre is essccied with thednicn.

32 A [iy sdid lire used ma &avir to rqxesentthe ajtlirec aiot.

I A stràit lire fraiithe cente to thecircur[eeie a cirde ci s±ee.

2secrntedtoaftireinthefcrmcf a rde.

4 A rwi &awir rxesaitir the nan fu’es dtai c±ect ci sce-e aid citai rrafe es apcintay st.

6 A strit lire sir f rcmsic to sidle thuhthe ceit cf a circle cc spAe.

7cgi. tthinixI skc[ ae rx:t ftisizeaid [e little thai. ]Thej ae intex1 to quckiyeqice psiime aterivecis.

8 To in ethevisfcrnicf ai c±ezt cisftLimtl cne caiut ses.

10 The nrmeI ci edeit dt saT&rig frcmskle to skb.

14 a acziaic Iir used aite±ricadtawir by Iirew aid style.

15 lIe dstaxe frcinfrcrit to 1:aDk16 iNn Iir ced with arowis, which ny he

[rcAn aaig then lath to pcwicle sae fcc theclnmskxi nums.

18 lIe nreieit cf saxe ci scnHng fna-ndto fcxt cc frcmlese to tcp.

19 A nod cf ristlc drawir in with the a1 dtai c±ect clcest to the viewe is a ar fe,aid Eu fre lines ccribr sic erdcLda tofr face cai he ectethi heDkto cawecie pont, the vais1ir jxunt

) Fhving fre dnkx d he, width, aidcleh.

21 Dnenskns fr shxw the exaDt ai cfsc1aictDt.

24 A fl sulaDe cnwimch a strait lire jdriEnig mytwo dnts woid whei lie.

25 A lire typet rqxeseits aiethetis rddnaDtly visibe ase it is heind ci hehaiDther sufe.


GTT Unit 1 — Lesson 1.4 Key Term Crossword - Page 2

Key Terms Bank:An notationCenterlineConstruction LineDepthDiameterDimensionDimension LineExtension LineHeightHidden LineIsometricLeader LineLine ConventionsLine WeightLocation DimensionObject LineOne-Point PerspectiveOrthographic ProjectionPerspective DrawingPlaneRadiusScaleSize DimensionSketchThree Dimensional (3D)Thumbnail SketchTwo Dimensional (2D)Two-Point PerspectiveViewsVanishing PointVisualizeWidth


GTT — Unit 1 — Lesson 1.4 Key Term Crossword- Page 3

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