activities related to earthquake- proofing of drinking ... · mhlw published “guidelines for...
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Activities Related to Earthquake-proofing of Drinking-Water Infrastructure in the Japan Water Research Center (JWRC)
Mikita Amano Japan Water Research Center
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Today’s topics●Current situation of earthquake-
resistance of drinking water facilities
● Plans to upgrade the earthquake-resistance of facilities
● Simplified method of evaluating earthquake-resistance of water facilities
● Conclusion
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Current situation of earthquake-resistance of drinking water facilities using PIs
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Earthquakes in recent years
13,0006.925 March,2007
NotoPeninsula
130,0006.823 October,2004
NiigataChuetsu
1,270,0007.217 January, 1995
Hyogoken-Nanbu
Interruption(Households)
MagnitudeDateName of Earthquake
59,0006.816 July,2007
NiigataChuetsu-oki
6,0007.214 June,2008
Iwate-MiyagiNairiku
Noto Peninsula
Chuetsu-oki
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What are “PIs” ?- JWWA published “Guidelines for the Management and Assessment of Drinking Water Supply Service” in January 2005.- The Guideline defines 137 PIs (Performance Indicators), including indicators for earthquakes.
JWRC has analyzed PIs of utilities in Japan.
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Current situation of earthquake-resistance using PIsPIs related to earthquake-resistance
Average
FY2005
Average
FY2006
PI-2207 : Ratio of earthquake-resistant treatment facility (%)
12.4
PI-2209 : Ratio of earthquake-resistant service reservoir (%)
20.1
PI-2210 : Ratio of earthquake-resistant pipeline (%)
10.8
13.0
11.9
23.0The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has set a target that these ratio for main facilities and water pipes of 100% by 2025.
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Plans to upgrade the earthquake-resistance of drinking water facilities
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- MHLW published “Guidelines for Planning to Upgrade the Earthquake Resistance of Drinking-Water Facilities” in April 2008
JWRC published “Explanatory Manual of the Guidelines for Planning to Upgrade the Earthquake Resistance of Drinking-Water Facilities” in October 2008, which includes explanations and reference materials for the guidelines.
Development of JWRC’s manual
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Planning procedures to upgrade Earthquake Resistance
Setting objectives for earthquake-proofing
Predicting seismic damage to drinking-water facilities
Determining the methods to formulate plans for earthquake-proofing
Selecting techniques of earthquake-proofing
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Rm(α)=Cp×Cd×Cg×Cl×R(α)Rm(α) : Breakage rate against maximum acceleration [spot/km]Cp : Correction factor for type of pipeCd : Correction factor for pipe diameterCg : Correction factor for terrain and soilCl : Correction factor for liquefactionR(α) : Standard break rate [spot/km] (=2.88×10-6×(α-100)1.97)α : Maximum acceleration of earthquake motion[gal]
Pipe type Cp Pipe diameter Cd Terrain and soil Cg Liquefaction Cl
DIPDIP(S, NS, etc.)CIPSPVPACPOther
0.30
1.00.31.01.21.2
-φ75φ100-φ150φ200-φ450φ500-
1.61.00.80.5
Modified mountainous areaModified hilly areaValley, former water areaAlluvial flatHigh-quality ground
1.11.53.21.00.4
NoneMediumHigh
1.02.02.4
Estimating the rate of broken pipesand joints (eq-1)
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The
Rat
e of
drin
king
wat
er s
ervi
ceab
ility
at th
e be
ginn
ing
of re
stor
atio
n w
ork
(%)
Breakage rate of water pipes (spots/km)
Kobe city
Nishinomiya city
The rate of drinking water serviceability- 1.38 ×X× 100
1
1 + 18.31 ×X3.05
(X<0.50)
(X≧0.50)
[X: Breakage rate of water pipes (spots/km)]
=
= × 100
Estimating the rate of drinking-waterserviceability at the beginning of restoration work (eq-2)
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Estimating the rate of drinking-water serviceability<using eq-2>
● population interrupted
● amount of water for emergency supply
● number of broken pipes
●period of restoration
Estimating break rate at pipes and joints<using eq-1>
Predicting seismic damage to drinking-water facilities
●Predicting damage●Determining countermeasures
Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake(Kobe city HP)
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Simplified method to evaluate earthquake -resistance of drinking water facilities
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14
This manual will:● enables the user to assess performance of drinking-water facilities , including earthquake resistance. ● Provide users with simple “Check-sheet” to evaluate earthquake-resistance.
Technical Performance Assessment Manual for Drinking Water Facilities
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PA of Individual facilities
End
PA of Facilities Overall
Implementation of improvement measures
Selection of optimal improvement measure(s)
Are the required performance levels
being met?
Interpretation of PA results
YesNo
<PA target>-coagulation basin-sedimentation basin-rapid sand filter-distribution reservoir-individual pipes, etc.
Performance Assessment (PA) Procedures<PA target>
-intake system-conveyance system-purification system-transmission system-distribution system, etc
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PAC adsorption facilities
0
20
40
60
80
100
Disinfection facility
0
20
40
60
80
100
Overall score
Basic performance
Aging
Technicallevel
Overall score
BasicperformanceTechnical
level
Aging Earthquake-resistance
16
Earthquake-resistance
PA results of Individual facilities
“CHEAK SHEET”
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Category For water pipe bridgeItems Category Weight Factor Point Remarks
GroundType Ⅰ 1.0
Type Ⅱ 1.4
Type Ⅲ 1.2
Pipe TypeDuctile cast iron 1.0
Cast iron 2.4
JointsExpansion, anti-slip-out mechanism type 0.5
Other joints 1.0
Seismic Intensity
(Japanese scale)
5 1.0 Levels according to the Japan Meteorological Agency
6 2.27 3.6
EarthquakeResistance
High 14>Medium 14~28
Low 28<
“CHECK-SHEET” for Earthquake-Resistance(For Water pipe bridges)
1.4
9.7
1.0
0.5
2.2×
×
×
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●MHLW has set the earthquake-proof ratio for main drinking water facilities and pipes at 100% by 2025.●PIs indicate earthquake-resistance ratio of drinking water facilities, and they show that currently Japan’s facilities have unsatisfactory earthquake-resistance. This situation is slowly improving.●Implementing an appropriate earthquake-proofing plan is essential.●MHLW’s published “Guideline for Planning to Upgrade the Earthquake-resistance of Drinking Water Facilities” to help utilities improve earthquake-resistance. ●“Technical Performance Assessment Manual for Drinking Water Facilities” will enable users to easily evaluate earthquake-resistance through simple “CHECKSHEET”.●Through these efforts, this situation will be great improved.
Conclusions
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Thank you for your attention.
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“PI-2207” : Ratio of earthquake-resistant treatment facility (%)Capacity of earthquake-resistant purification facilities(m3/day)Capacity of all purification facilities(m3/day)= ×100
Ratio of earthquake-resistant treatment facility
1302
AverageFY2005 : 12.4%
↓FY2006 : 13.0%
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“PI-2209” : Ratio of earthquake-resistant service reservoir (%)Capacity of earthquake-resistant service reservoirs(m3)Capacity of all service reservoirs(m3)= ×100
Ratio of earthquake-resistant service reservoir
984
AverageFY2005 : 20.1%
↓FY2006 : 23.0%
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“PI-2210” : Ratio of earthquake-resistant pipeline (%)Length of earthquake-resistant pipelines (km)Total pipeline length (km)= ×100
Ratio of earthquake-resistant pipeline (%)
Average (core pipeline)FY2005 : 10.8%
↓FY2006 : 11.9%
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Evaluation of Current Function(Distribution System)
Function Category Evaluation Indexes
BasicPerformance
Hydraulicfunction
1.Securing ratio of optimal hydrodynamic pressure(%) 2.Securing ratio of optimal hydrostatic pressure (%) 3.Distribution reservoir storage time (hr)4.Total storage time (hr)
StructureEarthquakeresistance
8.Water distribution facilities earthquake resistance (-)9.Available water capacity in emergencies (L)10.Ratio of installed emergency stop valve (%)11.Ratio of earthquake-resistance pipeline (%)
Redundancy 12.Distribution water capability in emergencies (-)
Maintenance Certainty24.Adequacy of drawing management (-)25.Saving of maintenance (-)26.Adequacy of maintenance (%)
※ Items on earthquake-proofing :“Diagnosis of Facilities’ Earthquake-resistance”
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Purpose of Function Diagnosis and Evaluation Manual
Purpose : To enable drinking-water utilities to independently evaluate.
- Evaluating the current function of existing water supply facilities.
- Preparation of plans for improving facilities that performance has declined.
・ Commissioned by the Ministry of Health, Labour and welfare.
・ Distributed to prefectures and utilities in July, 2005.・ Available to download from web site of the Ministry.
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/kenkou/suido/index.html
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Function Diagnosis
Present Future
Func
tion
of fa
cilit
ies
Present function of facilities:a
c
Room for functionimprovement : d
e : Required function
Upgrade
Required level of function
Decline in function : b
ー Grasp the Present function of facilities (a) or the Estimated function of facilities (c)
ー Determine the Room for function improvement (d)
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Ratio of Earthquake-proof Facilities
20% 30%14%
Rat
io o
f Ear
thqu
ake-
resi
stan
ce (%
)
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has set up the target that the ratio of earthquake –proof of main facilities and distribution mains should be 100% by 2025.
Ratio of Earthquake-proof : 100% by 2025
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100
80
60
40
20
0
Score of overall functiondiagnosis points : 61
Distribution Distribution Distribution DistributionReservoir A Reservoir B Reservoir C Pump A
Indication and Examination of Evaluation Results
Score of individual function diagnosis The lowest
This should be improved !
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28
0
20
40
60
80
100
着水
井
薬品
注入
設備
凝集
沈澱
池
急速
ろ過
池
浄水
池
消毒
設備
粉末
活性
炭吸
着設
備
濃縮
槽
天日
乾燥
床
高圧
受変
電設
備
自家
発電
設備
動力
制御
設備
計装
設備
監視
制御
設備
Equipment
Score
粉末活性炭吸着設備
0
20
40
60
80
100
施設評価
機能状況
管理状況
老朽化状況
技術水準
消毒設備
0
20
40
60
80
100
施設評価
機能状況
管理状況
老朽化状況
技術水準
Indices Score
Example of Performance Assessment Results
PA of Individual facility
PA of Overall facilities
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Result of undertakings (II)
0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0
0 20 40 60 80 100Ratio of Pipe with Low Earthquake Resistance (%)
Dam
age
Rat
io (N
umbe
rs/k
m)
Relationship between Ratio of Pipeline with Low Earthquake-resistanceand Damage Ratio
City A (Hyogo)
City K (Hyogo)
City T (Hyogo)
City M (Hyogo)
City O (Niigata)
City G (Niigata)
City N (Hyogo)
Pipeline with lowearthquake-resistance- Gray cast iron pipe- High density polyvinyl
chloride pipe - Asbestos cement pipe
※ Earthquake damage reduction must be due to the improvement of earthquake resistance of pipelines and the preparation of earthquake disaster measure manuals.
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ConclusionPreventive maintenance of the facilities is important.
- Function diagnosis according to function diagnosis and evaluation manual must be carried out, and the effort must be made to enhance facilities functions.
- Analysis of the water supply facilities assets based on PIs is very useful to demonstrate the necessity for ensuring the earthquake-resistance of facilities.
- In Japan, earthquake-proofing of facilities was conducted based on past experience, and the effect has begun to appear against earthquake damage.
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Percentage of Projects Planned for Enhancing Earthquake Resistance of FacilitiesPopulation
ServedProjectsPlanned
NotPlanned
PlanningRatio
More than 500,000 17 5 77.2%More than 200,000 33 39 45.8%More than 100,000 45 63 41.7%Less than 100,000 63 155 28.9%Water Wholesaler 44 42 51.2%Total 202 304 39.9%
Japan Water Research Center prepared the “Waterworks Facilities Function Diagnosis Evaluation Manual” which can contribute to earthquake-resistant water supply facilities.