activities of the cell i.cell factory ii.cell energy iii.cell cycle
TRANSCRIPT
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Activities of the CellI. Cell Factory
II. Cell Energy
III. Cell Cycle
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I. The Cell Factory: Protein Production, From Start to Finish
=
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DNA genetic traits?
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T A C
A U G A A G C A U G A C
T T C G T A C T G
DNA
mRNA
1. Transcription of DNA
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mRNA
U A C
A U G A A G C A U G A C
C U G U U C G U A
tRNA with amino acid
2. Translation of mRNA to protein
anticodon
codon
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C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
U U C G U A
U A C
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C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
U U C
G U A
U A C
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C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
U U C G U A
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C U G
A U G A A G C A U G A C
G U A
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Note: Translation occurs at the ribosomes of the rough ER
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amino acid chart
HISTIDINE - U U G - A A G - C A U - G A C
LEUCINE - ASPARTIC ACIDLYSINE -
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transcription
gene mRNA protein (amino acid
chain)
translation
• Gene expression
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II. How Does a Cell Obtain Energy From “Food?”
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Cellular Respiration
6 CO2
carbondioxide
energy!
+ 36 ATPC6H12O6
glucose
+ 6 O2
oxygen
+ 6 H2Owater
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A) Aerobic respiration - the process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose, in the presence of oxygen
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occurs at rest, or . . .
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when you are bringing it!
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• occurs along the cristae of the mitochondria
• two stages:
Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain
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Cellular Respiration Starts with . . .
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B) Anaerobic respiration -produces ATP by breaking down glucose without oxygen
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lactic acid fermentation (e.g. sore muscles, yogurt, cheese, pickles, kimchi)
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Energy Tally
• Anaerobic = 2 ATP
• Aerobic respirationGlycolysis 2 ATP
Kreb’s cycle 2 ATPElectron Transport 32
ATP
+36 ATP
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III. What Are the Stages in the Life of a Cell?
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Cell Cycle
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G1 cell growthS DNA replicatesG2 preparation for cell division
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nucleus (w/ nuclear membrane)
cell membrane
DNA (genetic instructions)
A Typical Cell
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during G1DNA is in chromatin form (“loose” threads)
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before cell division
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DNA is replicated and forms chromosomes
before cell division
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Cell Cycle
Starts here
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Cell Cycle
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Cell division• 4 Stages of Mitosis (chromosomes
separate)•Prophase•Metaphase•Anaphase•Telophase
• Cytokinesis (cell splits)
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Stages of Mitosis
earlyprophase
metaphase
anaphaseanaphase
cytokinesiscytokinesis
lateprophase
telophasetelophase
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Where should you look in an organism to find mitosis?