activities of genetic resources department field crops research institute (fcri – arc)

Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI)

Prepared byDr. Ragab Mohamed FahmyHead of Genetic Resources

Department at Bahteem Research Station


Introduction

Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI , ARC) established the Genetic

Resources Department at Bahteem Research station in 1987 to provide

the different breeding programs with the required genetic resources which

can tolerate the prevailing environmental stresses (biotic and /or

a biotic stresses) .Provide the sources of biodiversity to support the sustainable agricultural development taking consideration the environmental and ecological conditions.


Objectives:

1- Genetic resources are important for sustainable agro - biodiversity

under variable environmental condition .

2- The main activity of the Genetic Resources Dept are Exploration,

Collection, Description, Evaluation ,preservation ,

Documentation and Exchange of field crops genetic resources.


3- Full utilization of descriptions and evaluation of available plant genetic resource were conducted

according to the international standards identify high desirable

economic, value characteristics and insure wide genetic base.

4- The following activities were carried out to boost genetic

variability through maximizing well use of the available

Germplasm under diverse co-systems.


The main activity in Genetic The main activity in Genetic Resources at Bahteem Research Resources at Bahteem Research Station :Station :Lab. ActivitiesLab. Activities1.1.Seed health ,germination Seed Seed health ,germination Seed viabilityviability 2- Cytogenetic lab.: Testing pollen 2- Cytogenetic lab.: Testing pollen grains viability and storage pollen grains viability and storage pollen grain for determination of grain for determination of chromosomal different stage s mitotic chromosomal different stage s mitotic and meiotic division as indication of and meiotic division as indication of cytological instability in Germplasm.cytological instability in Germplasm.


Germination


4-Molecular markers has become widely accepted as a valuable tool for plant breeding.

Different types of markers have been generally used in the assessment of genetic diversity in different Germplasm and different species or wild types. The molecular markers have been commonly used to determine the relationships between environment ,change protein based markers and DNA.

Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI)Documentation:Documentation of genetic resources information and distribution of seed samples to national research institution for use in crop improvement programs.The available database provides all basic information of each accession ( genetic resources) with its exact location in the cold storage room including the sample1. wheat: around 1000 accession besides all the important economic characteristics, desired by the breeders. the accessions were recorded in the database of plant genetic Resources Dept., accession is under processing.2. Barley :around 400 accession including two row sand six rows .3- sesame: around 55 accession 4- Flax: 120 accession in including oil, fiber and dou-porpousa.


Wheat: Evaluation , Description, storage and Document of 1400 different species wheat germplasm including around 600 bread wheat and 200 durum genotypes from Egypt, CIMMYT,ICARDA .respectively as well as 300 landraces collected from farmers and North Sinai, North west cost and Middle Delta,200 Genetic Stock and 100 Genetic Stock Nersai .

Barley: around 500 accessions included 81 landraces different barley collected in

north Sinai


Different Germplasm in

Wheat


T. durum


Germplasm in Barley the late and early

maturity


1. Faba bean: around 300 different Faba bean Germplasm including 4 lines for insect s resistant lines and two for drought tolerant.

2. lentil :102 different Lentils Germplasm including 50 Germplasm from ICARDA, 48 collected from upper Egypt and 4 local verities ,

3. Lupine: 34 different lupine landrace collected from different Egyptian regions including two Germplasm wild type , 30 landraces and two local varieties .


4- Chickpea: 83 chickpea Germplasm including 58 in upper Egypt and 25 lower Egypt.

5- Fenugreek: 6 0 Fenugreek Germplasm

7- Soybean: around 100 different Germplasm.

8- Mong bean: 21 different Germplasm.


Lentil Faba bean


Chickpea fenugreek

Lupine


Flax different Germplasm oil, fiber and dou-

porpouse


Sesame variation in leaf shape, capsule structures


Different seed in color and different shape


Canola


1- Collecting missions to acquire Germplasm of landraces, wild and related species of the most important crop plants under condition in Egypt.

2- Multiply and systematically evaluate the collected Germplasm for desirable agronomic traits.


3- Document comprehensively all passport and evaluation data for each individual Germplasm entry and develop a computer data base.

4- Exchanging Germplasm and information with other plant genetic resources ; the local and international different gene bank and centers.


5- Preserving the Germplasm in environmentally controlled room for base and working collection.

6- Increase the competence of gene bank personal and Germplasm scientists by providing training in genetic resources activities.


7- Up grade laboratory and gene bank facilities necessary for the evaluation and proper preservation of the National Germplasm . This included a lab., for biochemistry Molecular marker, another for pathology and seed testing lab , as well as, all are under construction .8- Identifying the core-collection of genetic resources which can be utilization in both public and private research programs.

activities of genetic resources department field crops research institute (fcri – arc)

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