active with brazil

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BRAZILACTIVEWITH


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BRAZIL: an active key partnerfor the OECD

The OECD is proud to have Brazil as a Key Partner. Over the past two decades,

Brazil has been a source of valuable policy experience, as it has moved up

the ranks of the worlds largest economies. Most importantly, it has done so

while tackling both poverty and inequality, something very few countries

have previously achieved.

While Brazil has maintained high levels of employment, growth has slowed down in recent years, underlining theneed to boost productivity and cost competitiveness. This requires measures to address infrastructure bottlenecks,

continue to raise education attainment and the performance of students, boost labour force skills, streamline the tax

system and reduce regulatory complexity. For Brazil, as for many other major economies today, further economic and

social progress implies continued efforts to go structural, go social, go green and go institutional.

The Brazilian government has demonstrated strong commitment in facing these challenges and the OECD stands ready

to support the related reforms. Our expertise in a wide range of policy areas and the strength of a network of globalpolicy communities are all at Brazils disposal. Our partnership extends to many policy areas, and includes joint work on

international fora, such as the G20. This brochure illustrates the mutually beneficial character of our co-operation, as we

benefit from Brazils perspectives in finding joint solutions to common global challenges.

Brazil participates actively in a number of key OECD Committees, as well as in various areas of OECD work, including

our initiatives to reshape economic thinking (New Approaches to Economic Challenges, NAEC), and to foster inclusive

and sustainable growth. It is now Vice-Chair of the Governing Board of PISA and of the OECD Steel Committee, and itsleadership has also opened avenues of dialogue with the rest of Latin America. This year, for example, two important

regional high-level meetings were hosted in Brazil in the field of skills development, which has encouraged other

Latin American countries to participate in the third round of the adult skills survey, PIAAC.

We look forward to strengthening and broadening this fruitful collaboration, to help design and implement better

policies for better lives for all Brazilians.

ANGEL GURRA, OECD Secretary-General


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CONTENTS. 1

INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION 29

Building a knowledge-based economy 30

Promoting a viable global steel industry 31

ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY 32

Promoting sustainable development 33

Improving energy strategy 34

Enhancing nuclear energy and other applications 35

Strengthening chemical and transgenic safety 36

Promoting good water governance 37

A GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PLAYER 38

Partnering with Latin America 39Promoting effective development co-operation 41

Finding global solutions at the G20 42

Reaching out to the business community, foundations

and trade unions 44

ANNEXES

Instruments: facilitating international coordination 46

Brazils participation in OECD bodies

and related organisations 47

THE OECD AND BRAZIL 2

SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH 6

Strengthening economic growth 7

Increasing agricultural productivity and food security 9

Promoting green growth 10

Upgrading participation in global value chains 11

SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS 12

Promoting trade 13

Promoting sound competition 14

Strengthening consumer protection 15

PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 16

Enhancing the business environment 17Improving tax transparency and compliance 18

Enhancing budgeting and public expenditure efficiency 20

EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEV ELOPMENT 21

Creating jobs 22

Promoting social and territorial cohesion 23

Educating and empowering new generations

with the right skills 24

Tackling gender inequality 26

Measuring better lives 27

CONTENTS

Contents


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2. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL

L Aloizio Mercadante, Minister Chief of

Staff of the Presidency and Angel Gurra,

Secretary-General of the OECD at the

presentation of PISA 2013. October 2013,

Brasilia, Brazil. 1. World Bank, 2012

With a GDP of US$2.4 trillion1, Brazil is the largest economy

in Latin America and the seventh economy of the world.

Brazil is one of five major emerging economies with which

the OECD has established a key partnership, together with

China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. The mutually

beneficial Brazil-OECD relationship has been evolving

steadily and favourably since the mid-1990s.


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Brazil is an active Key Partner of the OECD. The country participates in the substantive work

of many of the OECDs specialised Committees, where senior officials from member and

partner countries meet to advance ideas and review progress in specific policy areas.

Brazil is an Associate, i.e. participating on equal footing with OECD members, in seven

OECD bodies, and is vice-chair of two of them, the Governing Board of the Programme

for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Steel Committee. This reflects the

leadership Brazil has developed in these fields and is an important signal of its strong

engagement with the policy dialogue that occurs in these and other OECD bodies. In

addition, Brazil is a Participant in another eleven OECD bodies (see Annex).

Brazil has also engaged in a productive dialogue with the OECD in the framework of the

G20, which has resulted in initiatives such as the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project. It

is an active contributor to the New Approaches to Economic Challenges (NAEC) initiative,an organisation-wide reflection process on the causes of the 2008 financial crisis and the

lessons for the future. Brazil strongly contributes to the OECDs statistical databases and

encourages the wide availability of OECD information and databases for public servants,

researchers and students through a specific agreement which provides OECD iLibrary

access to 200 Brazilian institutions.

Minister Mercadante, who is now Minister Chief of Staff of the Presidency, promoted an

active engagement with the OECD as Minister of Education. In November 2013, after

having given a welcoming reception to the Secretary General in Brasilia, he visited the

OECD headquarters in Paris and shared with OECD ambassadors, directors and staff Brazils

advances in education reform and his views on the OECD-Brazil cooperation.

THE OECD AND BRA ZIL. 3

THEOECDANDBRAZIL


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Brazil has been engaged in bringingits own development perspective to the

OECD. Brazilian society, as so many of our

international partners, aims at continued

economic growth with social justice - and,

as is only too natural, this is what moves us

in our participation in the OECD. The OECD

has already started a review of its analytical

models so as to better account for the

interplay of economic efficiency and social inclusion, as well as for thepossible trade-offs implied by structural reforms. I firmly believe that

we would all benefit from the improvement of our analytical tools

and from the increasing diversification of policy views in the joint

activities carried out by the Organisation.

Jos Maurcio Bustani, Ambassador of Brazil to France

We have all witnessed the rise of Brazil asa major economic player in the global arena,

one that has done so with a remarkable

combination of economic growth enhancing

and social inclusion policies. The ambitious

reform agenda of Brazil, not least on

successfully combating poverty, improving

access to well-being at large, is therefore

very relevant for current discussions that

are taking place within the OECD, particularly on what relates toattain sustainable growth, addressing inequalities and creating

jobs. Also outstanding improvements were made in the fields of

education/skills and the responsible use of natural resources.

Our bilateral cooperation, based on best policies/best practices

sharing, and reliable comparative data and evidenced-based

analysis, is a natural win-win. I am fully confident that our

dedicated Informal Reflection Group will contribute further

to living up to this very promising partnership.

Paulo Vizeu Pinheiro, Ambassador of Portugal to the OECD,

Chair of the Informal Reflection Group on Brazil

LLeft to Right: Alozio Mercadante, Brazilian Minister Chief of Staff, Paulo Vizeu Pinheiro, Ambassador of Portugal to the OECD, Marcos Bonturi, Director of the OECD

Global Relations Secretariat and Angel Gurra, Secretary-General of the OECD Secretary-General, OECD Headquarters, Paris, November 2013.


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THE OECD AND BRA ZIL. 5

THEOECDANDBRAZIL

In order to keep playing a key role in

global governance, the OECD must adapt to

globalisation and strengthen its relations with

the rest of the world, especially developing

countries. In this context, Brazil, which playsa growing role on the international scene, is

a major partner for the OECD. Cooperation

with this country is undoubtedly a priority

for our Organisation.

Pascale Andreani, Ambassador of France to the OECD, Chair of the External Relations

Committee (which oversees the Organisations overall global relations)

The OECDs Global Relations Strategy seeks

to make the Organisation a more effective

and inclusive global policy network, through

close co-operation with our five Key Partners

(Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and SouthAfrica) and strengthened engagement with

all regions of the world. In that context, the

OECD welcomes the leadership that Brazil

is taking in certain OECD bodies, such

as the PISA Governing Board, the Steel Committee and its active

participation in NAEC. This engagement has certainly enriched OECD

debates as much as it has allowed Brazil to enrich its policies with the

perspectives of other countries.

Marcos Bonturi, OECD Director of Global Relations


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The worst of the financial crisis that struck the global market in 2008 is now

behind us, but it left its mark on the world economy. With lower commodity prices,

slower growth in China and Europe and a tighter monetary policy in the US, Brazil

will have to go structural to improve its productivity and regain international

competitiveness. This will be necessary to sustain high economic growth and to

continue the remarkable advancements made on the social front.


S


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Brazil experienced remarkable growth in the last decade, but

has faced increasing difficulties since 2010. How can Brazils

economy continue to grow sustainably?

OECD Economic Surveysidentify the main economic challengesfaced by each OECD and key partner country and analysevarious policy options.

The 2013 Economic Survey of Brazilhighlighted the importanceof further refinements in the macroeconomic framework andof continuing structural reforms to improve productivity andcompetitiveness. The survey analyses options to build onBrazils successful strategy to reduce poverty and inequality. Anew edition will be published in 2015.

Twice a year, the OECD Economic Outlookanalyses the majortrends and forces that shape the short-term economic

prospects of OECD members and selected non-members.The latest version, published in May 2014, warns thatalthough unemployment remains at record low levels,Brazils government still has many challenges to address.The publication highlights increasing inflation ratesand suggests that structural factors underlying weakmanufacturing performance should be addressed, notably byimproving infrastructure through lowering trade barriers andimplementing tax reform.

Strengtheningeconomic growth

Going for Growthis the OECDs flagship report highlighting themain growth challenges and developments in structural policyreforms. Since 2011, Brazil is included with other key emergingeconomies (China, India, Indonesia, Russia and South Africa).Based on a broad set of internationally comparable indicatorsof structural policies and performance, five priorities areidentified for each country with the aim of improving labourproductivity and utilisation. Potential effects of the reforms

on policy objectives other than GDP growth are discussed, inparticular green growth, reducing inequality, public finance andmacroeconomic imbalances.

SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INC LUSIVE GROWTH. 7

SUSTAINABLEGROWTH

The OECD has been doing important work at the global level, and

has partnered with Brazil at the G20, IMF and other international

bodies, especially in this difficult period which requires action from

multilateral institutions and governments. We have an important

partnership and we have advanced on several issues. At the global

level, our partnership has made advances in tax, finance andgovernance; at the national level, the OECD has done important work

on education and finance.

Guido Mantega, Brazilian Minister of Finance, October 2013, Brasilia, Brazil

LGuido Mantega, the Brazilian Minister of Finance, receives the OECD Economic

Survey of Brazil 2013. Braslia, Brazil, October 2013.
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Structural policy reforms essential for increasing long-term

growth in Brazil:

l Enhance outcomes and equity in education. Increasing theoverall education level of the workforce would accelerateproductivity growth.

l Improve incentives for formal labour force participation,especially among seniors. Reforming public benefit

programmes would raise the currently low formal-sectorparticipation levels.

l Reduce distortions in the tax system. A less onerous taxsystem would contribute to faster productivity gains.

www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/listofeconomicsurveysofbrazil.htm

www.oecd.org/eco/outlook/brazil-economic-forecast-summary.htm

www.oecd.org/eco/growth/Brazil.pdf

SCAN TO READTHE REP ORT


Strengthening economic growth

SU
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As one of the worlds major exporters of primary products,

Brazils agriculture relies on a strong and dynamic economy.

Brazil is an active collaborator in the preparation of the OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook, which provides 10-year projectionsfor the major agricultural commodities and biofuels. The latestreport foresees commodity prices, on average, well above theprevious decade due to a strong demand and rising energy-

related input costs; noting that food price inflation remains aconcern in many developing countries. In 2013, the OECD andthe Brazilian Agricultural Research Cooperation (EMBRAPA)signed aformal Memorandum of Understanding on the annual OECD-FAOmedium-term agricultural outlook, in which the OECD agreed toprovide training and technical advice on policy analysis.

TheAgricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation: OECDCountries and Emerging Economiespublication provides biennial

assessment of agricultural policy support instruments andpolicy developments in several countries, including Brazil.The 2013 edition examined Brazils government interventionsin the agricultural sector for the years up to 2012, and thecorresponding impacts on trade and the domestic economy, andwill again be included in the 2015 report.

Increasing agricultural productivityand food security


SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INC LUSIVE GROWTH. 9

LFAO Director General Jos Graziano da Silvaat the launch of the OECD-FAO

Agricultural Outlook 2012-2021in Rome, Italy, 11 July 2012.

The OECD is the main global reference for the certification andstandardisation of seeds, agricultural and forestry tractors,forest reproductive material, and fruit and vegetables. TheOECD Agricultural Codes and Schemesfacilitate international tradethrough the simplification and harmonisation of documentary,inspection and testing procedures. Brazil has been an activemember of the OECD Seed Schemes since 1999, and hosted theAnnual Meeting in 2006.

For consumers, especially for the millions of people living in extreme

poverty, high food prices have caused considerable hardship. We

need to redouble our efforts to bring down the number of hungry

people. We must focus on increasing sustainable productivity

growth, especially in developing countries, and especially for small

producers. ()High real prices for agricultural commodities provide

higher incentives for farmers and rural development, especially where

markets are open and price mechanisms function well, and where

farmers also have the capacity to respond.Jos Graziano da Silva, FAO Director General

USTAINABLEGROWTH
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The world economy is slowly emerging from one of the worst

crises in decades, but it is clearer than ever that a sustainable

growth path will only be possible if the worlds natural assets

are preserved.

The OECD Green Growth Strategyoffers an opportunity tore-think our current economic model and equip countries,including Brazil, to tap into greener and more sustainable

development. Strengthening policy coherence is crucial to addressinterconnected environmental challenges, particularly giventhe importance of biodiversity preservation, climate changemitigation and adaptation, and water governance.

Since the launch of the Green Growth Strategyin 2011, the OECDhas been working with countries to integrate green growthobjectives into economic and sectorial policies, and to assist withmonitoring progress through integration of green growth into core

OECD surveillance reports. Several countries in the LAC region Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, andPeru have applied the OECD Green Growth Indicators approach.The OECD holds an annual Green Growth and SustainableDevelopment Forum to focus on cross-Ministerial issues, to whichBrazil and other partner countries are invited. The 2013 Forumfocused on the ways to unlock private green investment and avoidenvironmentally wasteful infrastructure decisions.

Building on the findings of the OECD Green Growth Strategy, thereport Putting Green Growth at the Heart of Developmentexplainswhy green growth is vital to secure a more sustainable futurefor developing countries. Green models for development offer analternative that relies on and values natural assets, which areessential to the well-being and livelihoods of people in developingcountries. The report draws on a range of developing countryexamples, including Brazils Proambiente programme, which rewardsfarmers for more environmentally sound agricultural production

practices, and the Bolsa Floresta payments for ecosystem servicesprogramme in Amazonas State.

Promotinggreen growth



During 2014-2015, the OECD will conduct an EnvironmentalPerformance Review (EPR) of Brazil. EPRs identify good practicesand make recommendations to improve the reviewed countrysenvironmental policies and programmes. Over 60 EPRsof OECDmember countries have been conducted. Most OECD membercountries have now been reviewed twice. Some OECD non-member countries have also been reviewed, including China,Russia and Colombia.

www.oecd.org/greengrowth/

www.oecd.org/greengrowth/green-growth-indicators-lac-2012.htm

www.oecd.org/development/environment-development

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SUSTAINABLE, BALANCED AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH. 11

STAINABLEGROWTH

Trade in intermediate inputs makes up over 50% of goods and

70% of services trade, underscoring the importance of global

value chains.

International production, trade and investment are increasinglyorganised within global value chains (GVCs) in which the differentstages of the production process are located across differentcountries. The OECD has a long history of studying value chain

dynamics. Most recently, the OECD-WTO Trade in Value Added (TiVA)database was developed to measure trade in value added termsto generate new insights about the commercial relations amongeconomies and the process of value creation. The second release ofthe OECD-WTO TiVAdatabase (May 2013) presents indicators for 57economies (including Brazil) covering the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008and 2009 and broken down by 18 industries. These results show thateven if China is the largest market in gross terms, in value-addedterms the United States are Brazils largest export market.

Brazil also participates in the OECD Development Centres Initiativeon Global Value Chains which promotes knowledge sharing amongrepresentatives of OECD and non-OECD economies on how topromote development by facilitating participation in GVCs.

In April 2014, the So Paulo State Industry Federation (FIESP) hosteda workshop on global value chains with the active participationof the OECD.

One consensus that emerged from these

dialogues (with OECD counterparts) is that

Brazilian society is today very interested in

issues of foreign policy and foreign trade.

Another consensus is that Brazilian foreign

trade needs an integrated strategic policy.

Thomas Zanotto, Director of the Department of

International Relations and Foreign Trade of the

So Paulo State Industry Federation

Upgrading participationin global value chains

oe.cd/gvc

oe.cd/tiva

www.oecd.org/trade/benefitlib/Trade_Policy_Implications_May_2013.pdf

www.oecd.org/sti/ind/TiVA_BRAZIL_MAY_2013.pdf

SCAN TOREAD THE

REPORT
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Trade and foreign investment have proven essential for economic

development across the globe. Although economic reforms in the 1990s

have increased the countrys macroeconomic stability, Brazil still faces

challenges in strengthening the functioning of markets, facilitating trade,

enhancing competition and improving the business environment.


FUNC


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SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS. 13

CTIONINGMARKETS

Brazils performance in ensuring transparency, predictability

and due process in trade facilitation surpasses most other

Latin American, Caribbean and upper middle income countries.

What policies are needed for Brazil to continue to progress?

Speed and efficiency in border procedures is paramount inreducing trade costs, boosting trade flows and reaping greaterbenefits from international trade. To help governments improve

those procedures, the OECD has developed a set of tradefacilitation indicators that identify areas for action and enablethe potential impact of reforms to be assessed. These indicatethat Brazil could draw considerable benefits from continuedefforts in:

l streamlining border fees and charges,

l further simplifying and harmonising trade documents,

l promoting automation and

l streamlining border procedures.

Brazil has been included in the OECDs Services TradeRestrictiveness Index (STRI)database. The STRI database is aunique resource providing internationally comparable currentinformation on regulatory policies affecting trade in services. Itis also a useful tool both for benchmarking domestic servicessector reform and for preparing lists of commitments during

trade negotiations. The OECD STRI was officially launched onMay 7 during the 2014 OECD Ministerial Council Meeting.

Brazil played a major role in the negotiation and drafting ofthe 2011 version of the Aircraft Sector Understanding (ASU),originally agreed in 2007. This is a path-breaking AircraftAgreement among major civil aircraft exporting countries,which has paved the way for the establishment of a levelplaying field among main competitors in the area of civil

aviation. This agreement rationalised government supportfor export deals across all commercial aircraft. 2013 marked

Promoting trade

the tenth anniversary of a constant and fruitful engagementof Brazil in the ASU work. The OECD has benefited, and willcontinue to benefit, from the contributions of a major player inthe aircraft industry, committed to maintaining a high value inASU disciplines.

Aid for Trade at a Glance, a joint OECD-WTO publication, providesan analysis of trends and developments in aid that aim tohelp developing countries integrate into the global economyand benefit from trade opportunities. The latest publication,launched in July 2013, focussed on global value chains andprivate sector development, with a view to managing results.

SCAN TOREAD THE

REPORT

J25 February 2011

Laudemar Goncalvez

de Aguiar Neto,

Deputy Permanent

Representative from

the Embassy of Brazil

to France, signing the

OECD Aircraft Sector

Understanding (ASU),

OECD headquarters,Paris, France.
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The Competition Law adopted in 2011 is a major step towards

sound competition. The new law completed a process of

reform and modernisation of Brazils competition law and

policy started in 2003.

The OECD Competition Committee, which gathers the heads

of the worlds major competition authorities, is a source of

policy analysis and advice to governments on competition

law, effective competition law enforcement, and competition-friendly regulation. Brazil underwent two Peer Reviews of

Competition Law and Policycarried out by the OECD, in 2005 and

in 2010. Since 1998 the Committee has published peer reviews

of well over 30 countries. These reviews assess how each

country deals with competition and regulatory issues, from the

soundness of its competition law to the structure

and effectiveness of its competition institutions. The review

includes an exam of the country report by an international

panel of experts.

Brazils 2011 competition law approval reflects several key

recommendations from OECD peer reviews, including:

l the introduction of a merger notification ex ante as well as a

system of double threshold for merger notification;

l a significant increase in the level of fines;

l tougher criminal sanctions with a fine and a prison sentence

instead of a choice between them;

l a streamlined Brazil Competition Policy System (BCPS).

The OECD also supports policy makers in their efforts to

improve public procurement. The OECD Project to Reduce Bid

Rigging in Latin Americawas launched in 2007 with projects

in Brazil and Chile. It was designed to assist competition

authorities in detecting and preventing bid-rigging in public

tenders. Cross-agency partnerships were established by theBrazilian competition authorities, with the support of the OECD,

Promoting soundcompetition

to build awareness of how to combat big-rigging practices. As

an example, the OECD examined proposed amendments to the

procurement law and explained the usefulness of Certificates of

Independent Bid Determination, which are now mandatory for

federal and state procurement.

CADE has undergone major reform in

2012 with the enactment of new legislation

that unified all competition enforcementactivities into one single governmental body

and adopted a pre-merger control system.

We were fortunate to have OECD support

during the whole approval process of the

Bill. Furthermore, OECD materials and

discussions have significantly improved CADEs findings for the

implementation of an effective competition policy in Brazil.

Vinicius Marques de Carvalho, President of Administrative Council of Economic

Defence (CADE)

www.oecd.org/daf/competition/fightingbidrigginginpublic

procurement.htm

www.oecd.org/daf/competition/brazil-competition.htm

14. ACTIVE WITH SOUTHEAST ASIA14. ACTIVE WITH BRAZIL

FUNC
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Rapidly-changing markets require increasingly high levels of

knowledge and skill in order for consumers to make informed

purchasing decisions. At the same time, consumers expect

ever-greater protection from governments. How can policy

makers meet these expectations and effectively enhance

consumer protection?

The OECD undertakes analysis of policies to support

e-commerce, foster consumer product safety, and betterunderstand consumer economics. In 2010, the OECD developedthe Consumer Policy Toolkit, a practical guide that provides aframework for understanding changes in consumer marketsand the related implications for policy making. Drawing onthe Toolkit, the OECD is now drafting recommendations onimproved approaches to making and enforcing such policies.The OECD has also been actively working on e-commerceissues. It is currently reviewing its 1999 Guidelines for Consumer

Strengtheningconsumer protection

Protection in the Context of Electronic Commerce.Particular attentionis being paid to developing policy guidance on mobile andonline payments, digital content products and participativee-commerce. Brazil has been involved in this work, which isclosely related to a decree it put forth on e-commerce in March2013. Brazil also plays an active role in the OECDs work onconsumer product safety.

In October 2012, the group launched a web-based GlobalRecallsdatabase, which draws together information on product recallsworldwide, providing governments, businesses and consumerswith a new tool for addressing safety issues. A seconddatabase is in place which helps to track policy and regulatorydevelopments; a third will provide a platform for sharinginformation on injuries.

www.oecd.org/sti/consumer

SMOOTH FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS. 15

TIONINGMARKETS
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Brazil has joined many international initiatives

aimed at improving public governance in

fields such as anti-corruption, tax compliance,

transparency and exchange of information

on tax matters, government accounting and

supreme audit institutions.



19/52

GOVERNANCE

PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. 17

Promoting appropriate business conduct by multinational

companies is a real challenge as their operations often straddle

dozens of countries and hundreds of cultural, legal and

regulatory environments.

Brazil has been an adherent to the OECD Declaration and Decisionson International Investment and Multinational Enterprisesince 1997.The Declaration set standards for transparent investment

policies and responsible business conduct.

As an element of the Declaration, the OECD Guidelines forMultinational Enterprisesare the most comprehensive set ofgovernment-backed recommendations on responsible businessconduct in existence today. The governments adhering to theGuidelines aim to encourage and maximise the positive impactMNEs can make to sustainable development and enduringsocial progress.

The Guidelines are supported by the unique implementationmechanism of National Contact Points (NCP) which assistsmultinational enterprises to observe the Guidelines. TheBrazilian NCP, an inter-agency body located within the Ministryof Finance, has participated in the inaugural Global Forum onResponsible Business Conduct in June 2013. As part of the effortin promoting the Guidelines, the Brazilian NCP has organisedseveral international workshops.

Governance is an increasingly important issue in Latin America.Considerable effort has been made to improve the regionsinvestment environment and Brazil has been playing a leadingrole with the OECD in this matter.

As a founding member of the Latin American Corporate GovernanceRoundtable,which has met annually since 2000, Brazil hashosted meetings of the Roundtable and its Companies Circle,

which comprises leading Latin American Companies includingfive Brazilian companies in a sustained effort to improve

Enhancing the businessenvironment

corporate governance implementation. Brazil is also anactive participant in the Corporate Governance Committee;it has agreed to participate as an Associate in the CorporateGovernance Committees 2014 review of the Principles ofCorporate Governanceand has been invited to participatein thereview of the Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-OwnedEnterprises.

Bringing together senior policy makers, regulators and marketparticipants in the regions most active capital markets,the Roundtable supports governments efforts to improvecorporate governance, guiding the role of institutional investors,board effectiveness, enforcement and codes of conduct. TheRoundtable has also supported the work of several additionalgroups. In addition to the Companies Circle, launched in2005, the Roundtable has supported the establishment of aLatin American Network on Corporate Governance of State-Owned

Enterprises since 2011. More recently a specialised expertstask force has issued country-specific recommendations forpreventing the abuse of transactions between related parties.

The Roundtable meetings have raised

overall awareness of corporate issues,

particularly among Brazilian companies.

The OECD presence has given the subject

a much needed credential, setting it apart

from previous perceptions of mere wishlists for investors

Mauro Rodrigues da Cunha, Executive Director, Brazil

Association of Investors in Capital Markets (AMEC)

www.oecd.org/corporate/mne/

www.oecd.org/daf/ca/latinamericanroundtableoncorporate

governance.htm
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At the request of the G20, the OECD developed an ActionPlan identifying 15 specific actions to tackle BEPS in acomprehensive and timely manner. The BEPS Action Planwasfully endorsed by the G20 Finance Ministers at their meeting inJuly 2013 and by the G20 Leaders at the St Petersburg Summit onSeptember 2013.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax

Purposesis the multilateral framework within which work in thearea of tax transparency and exchange of information is carriedout by over 120 jurisdictions, which participate on an equal footing.

Brazil has been a member of the Global Forum since September2009, and it plays an active role in both the Steering Group and

In an increasingly interconnected world, national tax laws have

not kept pace with global corporations, fluid capital, and the

digital economy, leaving gaps that can be exploited to erode the

taxable base and shift profits to low tax environments. Brazil,

within the framework of the G20, has been working hard to

tackle this critical issue.

In May 2013, on the occasion of the OECD Ministerial Meeting,

Brazil signed a Declaration on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)along with Argentina, Indonesia, South Africa, Russia and all OECDcountries. The Declaration acknowledges that BEPS is a pressingissue, as identified in the Report on Addressing Base Erosionand Profit Shiftingreleased in February 2013, and encouragescoordinated efforts to develop inclusive and effective solutions.

Improving tax transparencyand compliance

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the Peer Review Group. As a member, Brazil underwent two peerreviews: on Legal and Regulatory Framework (Phase 1) and Exchangeof Information Practices (Phase 2).

The Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Mattersis the most comprehensive multilateral instrument available forall forms of tax cooperation, including automatic exchange ofinformation to tackle tax evasion and avoidance, a top priority

for all countries. The Convention was amended to respond tothe call of the G20 at its April 2009 London Summit to align it tointernational standards on exchange of information. Brazil signedthe Convention on November 2011 at the G20 Leaders Summitin Cannes, France. The Convention has been signed by 64 states,including all G20 countries, and 13 jurisdictions are also covered bythe Convention by way of territorial extension.The Convention has now taken on increasing importance with

the G20s recent call for automatic exchange of informationto become the new international tax standard on exchangeof information. The Convention provides the ideal instrumentto swiftly implement automatic exchange on a global scale asrequested by the G20.

Brazil and the OECD have been cooperating in tax matters forsome time. To provide coherence and continuity to this jointwork, Receita Federal do Brasil (RFB)and the OECD signed a MoC

in November 2012 covering a wide array of tax policy andadministration areas, particularly international taxation. The MoChas facilitated the implementation of a structured programme oftechnical events in the Escola de Administrao Fazendria in Brasilia.These events provide a forum for discussion among Brazilianofficials and experts from OECD countries, to exchange views onbest practices and effective policies on issues of common concern,implementing a calendar of events decided jointly by RFB and theOECD. The MoC has also facilitated further engagement of Brazil

in the work of the Committee on Fiscal Affairs, where Brazil isnow an Associate on BEPS.

PUBLIC AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. 19

GOVERNANCE

L3 November 2011 Franois Baroin, Minister of Finance of France and Guido

Mantega, Minister of Finance of Brazil at the signing of the Convention on Mutual

Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters. G20 Cannes, France.

http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/conventiononmutualadministrativeassistanceintaxmatters.htmhttp://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.receita.fazenda.gov.br/http://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/conventiononmutualadministrativeassistanceintaxmatters.htmhttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2013_9789264202610-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2012_9789264168725-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/taxation/global-forum-on-transparency-and-exchange-of-information-for-tax-purposes-peer-reviews-brazil-2012_9789264168725-en#page1


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Building on the momentum generated by the2013 Public

Governance Review of Brazils Federal Court of Accounts

(Tribunal de Contas da Unio), the TCU continues to

demonstrate its commitment to a more strategic and agile

state through its audit and counselling work.

The OECD and TCU have partnered on a multi-year projectthat will assess how Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) can

contribute to strengthening good governance and sound publicmanagement. The project will benchmark practices not only inthe TCU but across SAIs in 12 other countries including Canada,Chile, the European Union Court of Auditors, France, SouthKorea, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, SouthAfrica and the United States. Further, the project will involvecollaboration with representatives from civil society and fromBrazils Executive, demonstrated by members attendance at thelaunch event held in October 2013.

Recognising that the current role of SAIs is changing, thistimely project is an important plank in the OECDs whole-of-government approach to improving institutions and governancefor more effective policy design and implementation a criticalcomponent of the New Approach to Economic Challenges(NAEC) initiative.

www.oecd.org/corruption/ethics/publicsectorintegrityreviews.htm

Enhancing budgeting and publicexpenditure efficiency

We have always advocated the realisation of a great pact to

improve public governance so that Brazil is a world leader in

development. This is a challenge that we need to face together:

Union, States, Municipalities and the Federal District.Renan Calheiros, President of the Federal Senate of Brazil


SCAN TOREAD THE

REPORT
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In the past few years Brazil has been able to sustain economic growth while reducing

social and regional disparities. Social inclusion has been one of the major priorities of

the Brazilian government and its policies have strongly reduced poverty and inequality.

However, with the post-crisis economic slowdown, Brazil will have to redouble its efforts

to keep promoting social inclusion and development.

EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 21


24/52

Despite a buoyant labour market, Brazilian youth still

face several obstacles. What are these barriers? How can

they be overcome?

The proportion of youth neither in employment, nor ineducation or training (NEET) in Brazil is higher than in OECDcountries. A very large portion of the unemployed have beenout of a job for a year or more; the quality of jobs held by youth

is often poor; job turnover is high; and strong inequalitiespersist along gender, geographical and racial lines. Building onthe extensive country reviews that the OECD has carried outpreviously on the youth labour market and vocational educationand training, as well as on the OECD Skills Strategy and the ActionPlan for Youth, the Investing in Youthpublication provides adetailed diagnosis of the youth labour market and educationsystem in Brazil, and offers policy options to help improveschool-to-work transitions.

The annual OECD Employment Outlookseeks to identify keypolicy actions to foster more and better quality jobs throughan increased understanding of how labour markets function inOECD and Key Partner countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesiaand South Africa). In the latest edition of the Employment Outlook,the OECD has updated its estimates on the degree of stringencyof employment protection legislation, including in Brazil.

Creating jobs


The OECD report is a valuable contribution to Brazil, at a time

where we are preparing ourselves to deepen our efforts to face the

historical challenge of creating better jobs for men and women

and, as a central element of a broader strategy to fight poverty and

reduce social inequalities.

Manoel Dias, Minister of Labour and Employment, October 2013, Brasilia, Brazil


SOCIAL
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DEVELOPMENT


The Brazilian government has made the fight against poverty

and inequality one of its main priorities. Its efforts have been

rewarded with strong results in this area; however, the social

divide remains significant and needs to be monitored closely.

Over the past decade, extreme poverty dropped from 23.2%to 5.9% and almost 50 million Brazilians have moved into themiddle class.

TheTerritorial Review of Brazilshows that Brazil has theopportunity to achieve sustained economic growth coupledwith a reduction in social and regional disparities. The reviewsuggests that social programmes targeting the poor need to becomplemented with policies aiming at generating local sourcesof new employment and growth. The effectiveness of thegovernments poverty reduction programmes (such as the Bolsa

Promoting socialand territorial cohesion

Familia programme) could be increased if they were combinedand coordinated with regional policies.

Brazil has placed strong emphasis on solving deep-rooted socialproblems. While income inequality is one of the highest in theworld, efforts to reduce social disparities have been effective inrecent years.

The OECD has conducted talks including Brazil in its IncomeDistribution Database (IDD). The inclusion of Brazil (and otherkey partners) involved a revision and adjustment of the OECDincome concept. Estimates for Brazil, based on the NationalHousehold Sample Survey (PNAD), will be included in the nextrelease of the OECD Income Distribution Database.

www.oecd.org/social/inequality.htm

www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy

SCAN TOREAD THE

REPORT
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Equipping citizens with the skills necessary to achieve their

full potential, participate in an increasingly interconnected

global economy, and ultimately convert better jobs into

better lives is a central preoccupation of policy makers.

OECD Surveys on education and skills provide essential

benchmarking to assist in this endeavour. Brazil is an

active participant and has reported great benefits from

its participation.

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)assessesto what extent 15-year-olds have the knowledge and skillsneeded to participate fully in their economies and societies.Brazil has participated in PISA since the first round in 2000, andhas used PISA results actively to drive reforms, both system-wide and at the local level.

Brazil is the country with the largest performance gains

in mathematics between 2003 and 2012. Much of thisimprovement comes alongside greater inclusion in theschooling system enrolment rates for 15-year-olds grew from65% in 2003 to 78% in 2012.

Brazil is now preparing for PISA 2015, and in January 2014became the first OECD partner country to join the PISAGoverning Board as an Associate. The government has set thegoal of reaching the average PISA score by 2021.

Brazil also participates in the Teaching and Learning InternationalSurvey (TALIS), which sheds light on learning environments andteachers working conditions, and informs policies for betterteaching. TALIS 2008, for example, revealed a high proportionof Brazilian teachers working under temporary contracts. Thenext round of TALIS results will be released in June 2014 andwill allow Brazil to make valuable comparisons between thecountries diverse regions.

Educating and empowering newgenerations with the right skills

As part of its Programme for the International Assessment of AdultCompetencies (PIAAC), the Survey of Adult Skills measures thekey cognitive and workplace skills needed for individuals toparticipate in society and for economies to prosper. Focused on16-65-year-olds, the Survey monitors not only whether adultshave important skills, but also whether these skills are beingput to effective use in the workplace.

On April 2014, the OECD and Fundacion Santillanaco-hosted aregional conference in Brazil which very successfully launcheda new PIAAC Round for Latin America, with several countries inthe region agreeing to participate.

We are signing up to PISA and we know

the responsibility of this challenge. We have

several other important partnerships with

the OECD: We are participating in the Talis,

which is the international research projecton teaching and learning that primarily

examines the learning environment and

working conditions of teachers in schools.

We are preparing this year a ministerial

forum on non-cognitive skills with the OECD, which is a major

challenge to evaluate and interpret the development of non-

cognitive abilities in schools. And we also have an invitation to

participate in the PIAAC, which measures the skills and expertise

of adults.Aloizio Mercadante, Minister Chief of Staff of the Presidency (Former Minister

of Education)

Social and emotional skills, such as perseverance, the ability tocooperate with others and self-esteem can be as powerful ascognitive skills in influencing academic, employment and socialoutcomes. The Education and Social Progress (ESP)project aims toshed light on how these skills are developed.

SOCIALD
http://www.oecd.org/pisa/http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.fundacionsantillana.com/http://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htmhttp://www.fundacionsantillana.com/http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/pisa/


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DEVELOPMENT

In March 2014, the Ministry of Education of Brazil and NationalInstitute for Educational Studies and Researchjoined forces withthe OECD and the Ayrton Senna Foundationto host a high levelpolicy forum that discussed the power of social and emotionalskills in driving childrens success in life. The Forum broughttogether education leaders from around the world to discussways in which to better prepare our children for the diversesocioeconomic challenges of the 21st century.

This Forum brings novel evidence about the

science of learning and Brazil supports this

debates new approach to what contributes

to school success. We believe that social and

emotional competencies need to be reflected

in the ambition of educational public

policies and we will systematise and finance

initiatives that incentivise and develop

social and emotional skills in studentsJos Henrique Paim, Minister of Education

www.oecd.org/pisa/

www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htm

www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htm


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WATCHTHE

VIDEO
http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.phphttp://portal.mec.gov.br/index.phphttp://portal.mec.gov.br/index.phphttp://portal.mec.gov.br/index.phphttp://portal.mec.gov.br/index.phphttp://portal.mec.gov.br/index.phphttp://senna.globo.com/institutoayrtonsenna/ingles/home/http://www.oecd.org/pisa/http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/http://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/edu/ceri/educationandsocialprogress.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/pisa/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ow1qj1R9YTY&feature=c4-overview&list=UUJCq5ZlBsXYnhAbbZnwwjoAhttp://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results.htmhttp://senna.globo.com/institutoayrtonsenna/ingles/home/http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.php


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Along with social and regional inequalities, the gender gap in

Brazil has declined in recent years, though there is still much

to be done.

Gender gaps are pervasive in all walks of economic life and implylarge losses in terms of foregone productivity and living standardsto the individuals concerned and the economy. Closing the GenderGap Act Nowfocuses on how best to close these gender gaps and

specific analysis is presented for Brazil across the report. A countrynote in Portuguese and English explores poverty and incomeinequality as key social policy concerns in relation to gender.

In May 2013 the OECD adopted the Recommendation onGender Equality in Education, Employment and Entrepreneurship,highlighting policy principles and mechanisms throughwhich Member countries can tackle gender disparities. TheRecommendation also encourages the collection, production

and development of timely and internationally comparablegender-sensitive data and indicators. The OECD Gender DataPortalincludes international data and analysis on genderinequalities in education, employment and entrepreneurship.While Brazil is already included in the OECD Gender Data Portalwherever comparable data is available, extending the indicatorsscope to all areas covered by the Gender Portal would make itpossible to closely monitor Brazils efforts to bridge gender gaps.

Discriminatory social norms and institutions are an importantbrake on development goals, as the OECDs Social institutions andGender Indexs (SIGI)data and research have shown.

SIGI is an innovative measure of underlying discrimination againstwomen in over 100 countries. While other indices measure genderinequalities in outcomes such as education and employment, theSIGI helps policy-makers and researchers understand what drivesthese outcomes. As a composite index made up of 14 uniquevariables, the SIGI captures and quantifies discriminatory socialinstitutions. SIGI 2014 will be published in October 2014.

Tackling genderinequality

The (Closing the Gender Gap) report is

indeed a wake-up call. But its main goal

is to propose policy options to rise to the

challenge. Gender inequality has many

different roots, including and importantly in

social norms and practices, as shown by our

SIGI Index. But inequality also stems from

flawed policies, economic incentives, laws

and regulations. And we can impact andinfluence policies. This is our raison dtre at the OECD. Our report

is thus about solutions, about policy measures that work. They

exist and they do make a difference.

Angel Gurra, Secretary-General, OECD.

www.oecd.org/gender/C-MIN(20 13)5-ENG.pdf

www.oecd.org/gender/data

www.genderindex.org

SOCIALDE
http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/close-the-gender-gap-now_9789264179370-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/close-the-gender-gap-now_9789264179370-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/close-the-gender-gap-now_9789264179370-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/close-the-gender-gap-now_9789264179370-en#page1http://www.oecd.org/gender/http://www.oecd.org/gender/http://www.oecd.org/gender/http://www.oecd.org/gender/data/http://www.oecd.org/gender/data/http://www.oecd.org/gender/data/http://www.oecd.org/gender/data/http://genderindex.org/http://genderindex.org/http://genderindex.org/http://genderindex.org/http://www.oecd.org/gender/C-MINhttp://www.oecd.org/gender/datahttp://www.genderindex.org/http://www.genderindex.org/http://www.oecd.org/gender/datahttp://www.oecd.org/gender/C-MINhttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/close-the-gender-gap-now_9789264179370-en#page1http://genderindex.org/http://www.oecd.org/gender/data/http://www.oecd.org/gender/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/close-the-gender-gap-now_9789264179370-en#page1


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EVELOPMENT

Is life really getting better? How can we tell? What are the

key ingredients to improving life is it better education,

environment, healthcare, housing or working hours? Does

progress mean the same thing to all people or in all countries

and societies?

The OECD Better Life Initiativefocuses on developing statisticsto capture aspects of life that matter to people and that shapethe quality of their lives. This allows for a better understandingof what drives the well-being of people and nations and whatneeds to be done to achieve greater progress for all . The twocore products of this initiative are the Better Life Indexand theHows Life?report.

The Better Life Indexis an interactive web-based tool that invitesyou to create your own index based on 11 dimensions essentialto well-being, from health and education to local environment,personal security and overall satisfaction with life, as well asmore traditional measures such as income.

Measuring better lives

You can then compare well-being across countries and share yourindex with other people who have created indexes, as well as withthe OECD. The Better Life Indexincludes data for OECD countriesas well as the Russian Federation and Brazil and is currentlyavailable in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish and nowalso in Portuguese.

Hows Life? Measuring Well-Beingis a biannual report. As the

flagship report of the OECDs work on well-being, it paints abroad picture of how life is in OECD countries and other majoreconomies, by looking at peoples material and non-materialconditions and quality of life along the 11 dimensions of theBetter Life Initiative.

This report responds to a demand from citizens, analysts andpolicy makers for better and more comparable information onpeoples well-being and societal progress. The second edition ofHows Life?,released in 2013, includes in-depth studies of fourkey cross-cutting issues: how well-being has changed duringthe global economic and financial crisis; gender differences inwell-being; the quality of employment and well-being in theworkplace; and sustainability of well-being over time.

www.oecd.org/statistics/howslife.htm

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In recent decades, technology and innovation have been a major source of economic

growth. The IT revolution has made it all the more important for countries to have a

modern and state-of-the-art industrial sector. With more than 1% of GDP invested in

research and development, Brazil is building a knowledge-based economy.

INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION. 29


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Technology and innovation are key factors to sustainable social

and economic development. How can Brazilian policy makers

promote a supportive environment for innovation?

The OECD develops evidence-based policy advice on thecontribution of science, technology and innovation to well-being and economic growth. Since 2007, Brazil has been anactive Participant in the OECD Committee for Scientific andTechnological Policy (CSTP). Brazil is included in the OECD Science,Technology, and Industry Outlook, and the OECD works particularlyclosely with Brazil on issues related to the bio economy.

The Brazilian intellectual property office (Instituto Nacional daPropriedade Industrial, INPI)hosted the 2013 Patent Statistics forDecision Makers conference in Rio de Janeiro on November. Thisconference, co-organised by INPI, the OECD, European Patent Officeand the World Intellectual Property Organisation, gathered decisionmakers, academics, analysts, and practitioners from all over theworld and discussed the findings of the latest empirical evidencebased on patent and intellectual property statistics.

On the industry side, Brazils Instituto de Pesquisa EconmicaAplicada (IPEA)is involved in a new project to study firm-levelemployment dynamics (DYNEMP).

OECD analysis for Brazil and 18 OECD countries for 2001-11shows that on average young firms (five years of age or less)accounted for just over 20% of total non-financial business sectoremployment, but generated about 50% of all new jobs created.This period in Brazil was characterised by high employmentgrowth and by a remarkable dynamism in entrepreneurialactivity. This was shown in the increased birth rate of firms anda very strong role of young businesses in employment creation,both in services and manufacturing.

The Committee on Digital Economy Policy (CDEP) closelycollaborates with the Brazilian Centre of Studies on Information and

Building a knowledge-basedeconomy

Communication Technologies (CETIC)and works with Brazil as a keypartner in a joint project with the Inter-American Development Bank(IADB)that aims to develop policies in Latin America and theCaribbean to accelerate broadband roll-out and adoption. Brazilalso actively participates in the CDEP project on Benchmarkingof Information and Communication Technologies in Health Systems,a multi-stakeholder initiative to improve the availability andquality of health ICT data and indicators.

In April, Brazil hosted a high level multi stakeholder meetingin So Paulo, NETmundial, where about 800 ministers,representatives of private sector companies, non-governmentalorganisations and others from across the word gathered todiscuss the future of Internet governance.

www.oecd.org/sti/ict

www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicy

www.oecd.org/sti/sti-scoreboard-2013-brazil.pdf

www.oecd.org/sti/sti-outlook-2012-brazil.pdf




INDUSTRY&
http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.epo.org/http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.htmlhttp://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.cetic.br/http://www.cetic.br/http://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://netmundial.org/http://netmundial.org/http://www.oecd.org/sti/icthttp://www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicyhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-scoreboard-2013-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-outlook-2012-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-outlook-2012-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/sti-scoreboard-2013-brazil.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/stpolicyhttp://www.oecd.org/sti/icthttp://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-communications-outlook-2013_comms_outlook-2013-en#page1http://netmundial.org/http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/benchmarkingofinformationandcommunicationtechnologiesictsinhealthsystems.htmhttp://www.iadb.org/en/inter-american-development-bank,2837.htmlhttp://www.cetic.br/http://www.cetic.br/http://www.ipea.gov.br/http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.htmlhttp://www.epo.org/http://www.inpi.gov.br/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2012_sti_outlook-2012-en#page1


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INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION. 31

INNOVATION

Brazil plays a significant role in the worlds steel and related raw

materials markets. It is one of the largest iron ore producers in

the world and the largest steel producer by far in Latin America.

Nonetheless, steel consumption per capita in Brazil remains

far below the world average, indicating opportunities for

continued growth in this sector.

The OECD Steel Committee has had a long and fruitfulrelationship with Brazil, which participates actively in theCommittees discussions as an Associate. Brazil joins other

members of the Steel Committee in discussing concerns relatedto global steelmaking overcapacity, which weighs heavily on thefinancial sustainability of steel producers in Brazil and elsewhere,restrictive trade policies, government interventions in the steelsector, and the behaviour of state-owned steel enterprises andtheir potential impacts on competition.

Brazils engagement with the OECD on steel issues continues tostrengthen, with a representative of the Ministry of Development,Industry and Foreign Trade recently assuming vice-chairmanshipof the OECD Steel Committee.

The OECD is also committed to engaging with Brazilian steelindustry stakeholders, particularly through the Brazilian SteelInstituteand Latin American Steel Association,who are regularlyinvited to meetings and workshops of the Steel Committeeto share their views on the market outlook and to informpolicymakers of their position on trade and structural issues.www.oecd.org/sti/steel

www.oecd.org/sti/ind/developmentsinsteelmakingcapacityofnon-

oecdeconomies.htm.

Promoting a viableglobal steel industry

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Since 1970, the size of the world economy has more than tripled and its population

has increased by over 3 billion people. This unprecedented growth record has brought

prosperity and better life conditions for millions of people; notwithstanding, it has been

accompanied by environmental pollution and natural resource depletion. Without action,

the current growth model could ultimately undermine human development.

ENVIRONMEN

P i


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NT&ENERGY

Promotingsustainable development

To ensure that natural resources are preserved for future

generations, social and economic development must be

accompanied by active green policies.

The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050provides analysis ofeconomic and environmental trends and simulations of policyactions at the global level to address the key challenges in fourpriority areas: climate change, biodiversity, water and healthimpacts of pollution and environmental damage. As Key Partnercountries, Brazil, India and South Africa actively participated insome of the preparatory meetings for this report.

The OECDs Environmental Performance Reviews (EPRs)provideindependent assessments of OECD and key partner countriesprogress in achieving domestic and international environmentalpolicy commitments. The Brazilian Ministry of Environment hasrequested the OECD carry out an EPR of Brazil, with a particularfocus on protected areas and the conservation and sustainable useof biodiversity. The EPR is expected to be finalised in early 2015.

www.oecd.org/environment/outlookto2050

www.oecd.org/env/countryreviews

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ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY. 33

I i
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Brazil is at the leading edge of deepwater and low-carbon

energy development. A consistent and integrated energy

strategy focusing on efficiency as well as supply is key to

reaping long term benefits.

The International Energy Agencys World Energy Outlook(WEO) presents authoritative projections of energy trends andinsights on what they mean for energy security, environmentalsustainability and economic development.The 2013 publicationincluded a special focus on the outlook for energy in Brazil.This examined both the growing energy needs of the domesticeconomy, as well as the perspective to further develop thecountrys resource base, from renewables and biofuels to themajor offshore hydrocarbon discoveries.

The WEO is widely considered as a key benchmark publicationfor data, analysis and projections for the energy sector. Analysisof consumption, production, trade, investment and energy-related carbon dioxide emissions is broken down by region orcountry, fuel and sector.

www.iea.org/

active with brazil

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