active and passive learning & effective use of study materials web copy dr. kosala marambe...
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Active and passive learning& effective use of study
materials
Web copy
Dr. Kosala Marambe
Medical Education Unit
20th June 2013
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Teacher objectives
To motivate you, students, to become active learners so that you understand concepts as opposed to isolated facts
Help you understand the basis of some of teaching learning activities in the curriculum (those require active participation of the learner)
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Student learning objectives
Student should be able to define the term learning, in behavioral
terms and cognitive terms describe characteristic features of active
and passive learning apply the definitions of learning to identify
teaching learning methods, which enable deep learning and effective retention of information
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Lecture outline
Explore the term learning Active and passive learning Active learning strategies Effective learning methods Learning approaches Adult learning theory- principles
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Learning
A process resulting in some modification, relatively permanent, of the way of thinking, feeling and doing of the learner
(more behavioral definition)
(Educational handbook for health personnel. World Health Organization, 1998)
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Learning
Learning is construction of knowledge, based on prior
knowledge and new information that is interpreted by prior
knowledge.
(Cognitive Psychology)
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Two types of Learning
Active
Passive
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Two types of learning
Active - Learner takes the responsibility for learning, less dependant on teachers - knows how to learn- life long learner
Passive – Very much dependant on the teacher and expects most to be provided, lectures, lecture notes, questions etc. find difficult to keep abreast with new knowledge
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Passive Learning
Listening to a lecturer, taking down everything that is told
Waiting to be told what to do next
following routines without questioning/ reasoning out
Teacher is in full control, authoritarian
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What is meant by active learning?
Learner is taking the initiative for ones’ learning,
learner is in control of learning
Teacher is only a guide
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Active learning
Reading text bookse learning
DiscussionsClinical cases of relevance
Engaged in practicalObservation
ProjectsTeaching others
Portfolio
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“Teaching methods which place the student in an
Active situation for learning are more likely to be effective than those which do not”
George Miller ( Medical educationist)
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Strategies for active learning
Setting goals Setting up a plan for what you need to
achieve Developing a table with deadlines Making decisions Checking progress If things are not working right taking
remedial measures
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Learning aids
Objectives Lectures Practical classes Patients Ward work Discussions books Internet Writing summaries/ answers Journal articles
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Retaining power of T/L methods
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Learning approaches of students
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Surface approach
Students focus their attention on isolated details. They are often trying to memorise these individual details in the same form in which they first appeared
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Deep approach
Students focus their attention on the underlying meaning or message. They attempt to relate ideas together and construct their own meaning, possibly in relation to their own experience
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Strategic
Student adopts deep and surface approaches in combination so as to achieve the highest possible marks.
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Strategic
The approach involves using well organized study methods and careful time management, alertness to cues given by tutors about what they are looking for in deciding grades or marks or what they are going to set in the examinations.
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The students are conscious of two separate foci of attention the academic content and the teacher’s reward system.
(Marton, Hounsell and Entwistle 1997)
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Adult learning theory
Malcolm Knowles - American educationist
Involve learners in diagnosing their own needs
as such acts will help to trigger internal motivation
Encourage learners to formulate their own learning objectives
this gives them more control of their learning
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Adult learning contd.Encourage learners to identify resources
and devise strategies for using the resources to achieve their objectives
Support learners in carrying out their learning plans
Involve learners in evaluating their own learning
this can develop their skills of critical reflection.
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Factors which facilitate learning
Relevance Motivation Feedback –early, detailed Examinations Access to multiple resources Learning environment
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A wisdom sloka from Mahabarata
A quarter of our learning comes from our receptors
Own intellect and talent provides a quarter
A quarter from the peers and friendsAnd the remainder only with time
(UGC 2006)
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Teaching and learning in higher education…
“Your teacher can open the door for you, but you must enter by yourself”
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Summary
Learning ? definitions
Active learning and passive learning
Active learning strategies
Adult learners -desirable approaches
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Take home message
Be self directed, adult learners
Make the maximum use of the active learning opportunities, during the MBBS course
Be more engaged in learning and enjoy
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Website for high quality videos
From Khan academy
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ttps://www.khanacademy.org/about/med-competition