action research
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What is Action Research?
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• Reflective practice
• Explore your own teaching context: instructional strategies, assessment procedures, and interactions with student learners in order to improve their quality and effectiveness
• Intervene in a problematic situation to bring changes
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According to some experts . . .
it is . . .
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Eileen Ferrance, "Action Research," Providence, RI: The Education Alliance, 2000, available from www.alliance.brown.edu/pubs/themes_ed/act_research.pdf
“a cycle of posing questions,
gathering data,reflection,and deciding on a course of action.”
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Why should I do action research? If…
I am teacher
I am not paid for
thatIt is not in
my teaching schedule
I do not have
resources
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You should do action research because…
You are reflective You are committed to developing as a thinking professional
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Steps in Action Research (Ferrance, 2000)
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According to Kemmis and McTaggart (1988),AR is a cyclical process which typically involves four broad phases in a cycle of research
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P
Planning
You start out identifying a problem or issue and develop a plan of action inorder to bring about improvements
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ActionA
P
Planning
It involves intervention which means you take action on your solution
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ActionA O
P
Planning
Observation
This phase involves you in observing systematically the effects of the action and documenting the context, actions and opinions of those involved
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ActionA
R
O
P
Planning
Reflection
Observation
You reflect on evaluate and describe the effects of the action.
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ActionD
R
A
P
PD A
R
Planning
Reflection
Observation
Then, you repeat the process.
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ActionA
R
O
P
PA O
R
PlanningP
Reflection
Observstion
A O
R
PAgain and again …
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Models of Action Research
Many models exist but all share the same basic principles which are:– A central problem or topic– Observation or monitoring takes place– Collection and synthesis of data– Some type of action is taken – Next stage of action research (varies)
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Calhoun’s Action Research Cycle
(Mertler, 2009)
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Piggot-Irvine’s Action Research ModelMertler (2009)
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Some AR features..
It involves evaluation and
reflectionIt is a small scale
project
It gives the opportunity to
investigate about inmmediate
concerns
It collects and analyze data
systematically
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ACTIVITYIDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE
-The pros and cons of being an action researcher
-The kinds of topics that are investigated in AR
-The main differences between AR and applied research
-The relationships of AR to reflecting teaching
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REFERENCESBurns, A. (2003). Collaborative action research for
English language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ferrance, E. (2000). Action Research. Providence, RI, USA. Retrieved November 14, 2012 from http://www.lab.brown.edu/pubs/themes_ed/act_research.pdf
Kemmis, S. & McTaggart, R. (1988). The action research reader. Victoria: Deakin University Press.
Mertler, C. (2009). Action Research. Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Sage Publications, Inc.