actinomycetes
TRANSCRIPT
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Actinomycetes
Fungi like bacteria
Gram +ve
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Gram +ve,nonmotile, none sporing,noncapsulated,filaments that break up into bacillary and coccoid elements
Medically imp-
1. Actinomyces-anerobic,non acid fast-grows only in a narrow range of temp.
2. Nocardia-aerobic, acidfast –grows in a wide range of temp.
3. Streptomyces -antibiotics
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Actinomyces ---ray fungus
Due to ray like appearance of the organisms in the granules
Human actinomycosis—A.israeliCattle—A.bovis
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Actinomycosis
C/C granulomatous infectionIndurated swelling in connective
tissue,suppuration,discharge of sulphur granules
Leasion often points to skin,leading to multiple sinuses
Endogenous inf. In humans—normally present in mouth ,intestine,etc----
Trauma,FB,poor oral hygeine---
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A.israeli-most common causative agent Usually cooperative d/s-associated with other
bacteria Four main clinical forms
1. Cervicofacial-indurated lesions on cheek and submaxillary regions
2. Thoracic-laesions in lungs,pleura,pericardium,chest wall
3. Abdominal—around caecum,abdominal wall,liver
4. Pelvic—associated with use of IUD
5. Gingivitis,peridontitis
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Lab d/g-microscopySulphur granules—in pus—demo-shaking in tt
with saline-on standing granules sedimentGranules –also by applying gauze pad over
sinusesYellowish colour-stained by gramInfact—bacterial colonies—densenetwork of
thin gram +ve filaments,surronded by peripheral zone of swollen radiating club shaped structures-which r believed to be antigen-antibody complexes
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In thioglycollate—A.israeli produces small spidary colonies
Epidemiology-in agricultural workers---young males
T/T-Penicillin in large doses/tetracycline
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Nocardia
Infection exogenous Causes –
cutaneous,subcutaneous,systemic lesions
1. N.asteroides
2. N.brasiliensis
3. N.caviae
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Cutaneous-local abcess,cellulitis,lymphocutaneous lesions
Sub cutaneous-Actinomycotic mycetomaSystemic –caused by N.asteroids—pulmonary
d/s ,pneumonia,lung abcess—lesion resembling TB
Colonies—pigment-yellow to redT/t- cotremoxazole-for several monthsMinocyclineAmikacinecefotaxime
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Actinomycotic mycetoma
Presents as tumour with multiple dischargimg sinuses
Localised granulomatous d/s of subcutaneous,and deeper tissues
Esp, footAlso known as MaduramycosisCan be caused by fungi and bacteriaBotryomycosis-similar lesion if caused by
staph aureus and other pyogenic org.
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Bacterial mycetomas-by actinomyces,nocardiaIn actinomycotic—granules-white to yellow-
filaments -thinIn eumycotic—granules –black---filaments-stout