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ACT CIVIL & ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
THOMSON v EXCEL INTELLIGENT PTY LTD (Civil Dispute) [2017] ACAT 21
XD 433/2016
Catchwords: CIVIL DISPUTE – Australian Consumer Law – acceptable quality – fitness for purpose– whether a reasonable consumer would regard goods as acceptable – refund as remedy
Legislation cited: Australian Consumer Law ss 54, 259, 260, 262, 263Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) sch 2 Fair Trading (Australian Consumer Law) Act 1992 s 6, 11
Tribunal: Presidential Member G C McCarthy
Date of Orders: 29 March 2017Date of Reasons for Decision: 29 March 2017
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORYCIVIL & ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL XD 433/2016
BETWEEN:
JEAN THOMSON Applicant
AND:
EXCEL INTELLIGENT PTY LTD Respondent
TRIBUNAL: Presidential Member G C McCarthy
DATE: 29 March 2017
ORDERThe Tribunal Orders that:
1. Within 28 days from the date of this order, the respondent pay the applicant
$3,037.30, comprised of:
(a) $1,799 by way of refund of the purchase price;
(b) $199 by way of refund of the freight charge for the subject goods;
(c) $140.30 for the applicant’s costs of delivering the subject goods from the
delivery depot to the applicant’s address;
(d) $750 for Mr Arizapa’s costs of assembling and dismantling the structure;
(e) $140 for the filing fee; and
(f) $9 for the search fee.
……………………………..Presidential Member G C McCarthy
REASONS FOR DECISION
Background
1. In August 2015, the applicant, Jean Thomson, located on the website eBay an
advertisement placed by the respondent under a selling name “estoreonline88”
for a steel shed quoted as “Large Steel Garden shed 3.3mW x 6mD Workshop
Storage Garage Color Backyard Sheds”. The advertisement had a box in which
was a picture of the shed marked “New advanced design. Garage Workshop”
with a photograph of a car inside the shed. The box containing the photograph
included the words “Large Heavy Duty”. The online purchase price was $2,499.
2. The title “estoreonline88” is a name used on eBay by the respondent, Excel
Intelligent Pty Ltd, with the website address “Wholesalesdirect.com.au”.
3. Although the advertisement offered purchase via PayPal, the applicant alleges
that on inquiry a person from the respondent informed her that purchase via
PayPal was not possible because of the colour she was choosing and that she
would need to pay by direct purchase using, for example, a MasterCard.
4. Mr Tim Gu, who represented the respondent by telephone at the hearing, said
that PayPal is always available “without exception”.
5. I make no finding as to whether the respondent refused to permit the applicant
from paying using PayPal, but it remains clear from the respondent’s tax invoice
that the applicant proceeded with the purchase using her MasterCard for a
purchase price of $1,799 plus freight of $199, totalling $1,998.
The applicant’s case
6. The applicant gave evidence that on 17 November 2015 the shed components
arrived at the delivery depot. However the applicant’s builder, Mr Arizapa, was
unable to collect the components until 2 December 2015. She states that she
paid a further $146.30 for delivery of the component parts from the depot to a
home address and that Mr Arizapa commenced assembling the components of
the structure that day.
7. Mr Arizapa is the licensed owner of Infinite Roofing and Home Maintenance
Pty Ltd. Mr Arizapa has six years of experience in construction.
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8. The applicant gave evidence that on 4 December 2015 Mr Arizapa telephoned
her to explain that the structure supplied by the respondent was not suitable to
be used as a work shed, certainly not as a garage, and was “flimsy” and “not
heavy duty”.
9. His evidence was uncertain as to the extent to which he had assembled the
structure when coming to the view that it was not suitable to be used as a
garage. However it is at least clear that he had assembled the frame, had
inspected the panels and was confident that all the components necessary to
assemble the structure had been provided.
10. Mr Arizapa gave evidence at the hearing as to why he considered the structure
to be flimsy, and not suitable to be used as a work shed or garage. He referred to
a support bar across the floor at the front of the shed that a car would
immediately squash or flatten upon driving across. He explained that he had
installed many metal sheds and garages in the course of conducting his business,
and had never seen or installed a garage with a bar across the floor at its
entrance.
11. He said that the components of the frame could be “bent easily by an adult”. He
expressed his concern to the applicant that it “could have easily collapsed” in a
storm or strong winds because of its large size and flimsy construction. It was
not, he said, structurally sound.
12. Mr Arizapa also said that the screws supplied by the respondent were 16 mm
long and not of sufficient length to secure the panels to the frame. He said that
in a strong wind the panels would just “slide off”.
13. Mr Arizapa gave evidence that the structure was not a garage, and that it was
“just a big garden shed”.
14. Mr Arizapa also referred to the side door height of 1,600 mm, being a height
less than the height of many people, and said that it was not a suitable height for
a work shed or garage. In cross-examination by Mr Gu, Mr Arizapa rejected the
proposition that it is normal for a person to “duck” in order to enter a work shed
or garage.
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15. Mr Arizapa advised the applicant to dismantle the structure because of the
dangers it presented, particularly to neighbours, if it collapsed in a strong wind.
The applicant accepted that advice and Mr Arizapa dismantled the structure.
16. In advance of and in preparation for the hearing, the respondent provided the
Tribunal and the applicant with a letter dated 16 December 2016 from
Mr Martin Gamble, the managing director of Gamcorp (Melbourne) Pty Ltd,
structural engineers. Mr Gamble stated in his letter that Gamcorp had carried
out a design check of the Excel Intelligent ED, SC, and GD Carport and Shed
products and assessed the main and secondary structural components to be
“satisfactory” based on the product information provided by Excel Intelligent
Pty Ltd. Mr Gamble’s letter specified the dimensions (including thickness) of
the structural components per the product information provided.
17. The respondent also provided a certificate of compliance from Knight
Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd to the effect that the steel structures as depicted in
the drawings forming part of the certificate were, in substance, structurally
sound.
18. After receiving these documents, the applicant sought advice from Mr Ivan
Dikmans, the Branch Manager with Herzog Steel Pty Ltd. Mr Dikmans has
been working at Herzog Steel for over 14 years. The applicant provided
Mr Dikmans with a copy of Mr Gamble’s letter; a copy of Knight Consulting’s
certificate of compliance; and the structural components supplied by the
respondent to the applicant.
19. Mr Dikmans gave evidence that he measured the frame materials for their
dimensions and thickness and compared them with the dimensions and
thickness of the components stated in the structural drawings and certificate of
compliance. He explained that the structural components supplied to the
applicant were not consistent with the structural components described in
Mr Gamble’s letter or the certificate of compliance. For example, Mr Gamble’s
letter lists the materials as 60×40×1.5bmt or 80×40×1.5bmt, but the structural
members supplied to the applicant were 46×46×1.15bmt. Mr Dikmans
explained that “bmt” is a term meaning base metal thickness.
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20. Mr Dikmans gave evidence that he:
would not recommend the sale of the materials provided to [the applicant] to anyone who had intentions of building a garage with them.
21. In cross-examination by Mr Gu, Mr Dikmans said that the shed panels were
“paper thin” and approximately as “thick as a sheet of cardboard”. Mr Dikmans
explained that the structure was not strong enough to be used as a shed or
garage and that if hit by a car while trying to back out, the car would “knock it
flat on the ground”.
22. Mr Dikmans agreed in cross-examination that he was not an engineer and could
not dispute that a structure built in accordance with the specifications in
Mr Gamble’s letter or the certificate of compliance would be satisfactory, but
repeated that the structure shown to him by the applicant was not what was
described in the engineering documents.
23. The applicant gave evidence that on 4 December 2015, the same day
Mr Arizapa informed her that the structure was not fit for purpose, she
telephoned the respondent and tried to explain to a person, “Josephine”, that the
shed was not fit for purpose and that she wanted to return it and obtain a refund.
The applicant stated that Josephine “appeared to be agitated and was shouting –
the words were unintelligible - then hung up.”
24. The applicant gave evidence that on 5 December 2015 Mr Arizapa dismantled
the shed.
25. On 9 December 2015, the applicant wrote a letter of demand to the respondent
referring to the amount she had paid ($1,799 + $199 for delivery) plus the
courier delivery costs $146.30 and requested a refund on the grounds that the
product was not of acceptable quality, was not fit for the specified purpose (i.e.
a garage) and does not match the description provided. She stated that she was
entitled to the refund for those reasons under the “national consumer law”.
26. The applicant stated that she would “like to return the garage to your store for a
full refund of the purchase price plus costs for delivery/return/building.” She
stated that alternatively, she would be prepared to accept the purchase amount
of $1,200 plus delivery/return costs in full and final settlement if the refund was
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paid within seven days. The applicant explained at hearing that the statement of
the purchase amount of $1,200 was an oversight, and should have referred to
$1,800 being the amount she paid for the structure.
27. The respondent refused to refund the purchase price or in any way resolve the
matter with the applicant.
28. At hearing, the applicant sought a full refund and also the cost of returning the
components of the structure, as this would potentially have been covered if she
had been given an opportunity to pay via PayPal, and reimbursement of
Mr Arizapa’s costs ($750) for installing and dismantling the shed.
The respondent’s case
29. The respondent first contended that the applicant’s letter of demand had been
“falsified” because the applicant had changed the stated purchase amount from
$1,200 to $1,800.
30. The respondent then contended that “during the pre-sale stage of the
transaction”, the applicant had not stated her purpose or intended use of the
structure or the location where she intended to erect it. The respondent also
contended that “during a conversation [presumably with the applicant] prior to
the purchase of the garage, the question of steel thickness did arise and was
answered by our representative.”
31. The respondent also called “the credibility of Salvador Arizapa into question”
because, Mr Gu said, he should have seen and felt the materials of the structure
whilst checking the parts and yet he continued to construct the structure up to
what should have been the very last stage. The respondent also expressed its
“serious belief” that the instructions as provided were not read and followed.
For example had he done so, the respondent said, Mr Arizapa would have seen
that the screws used for the roof are to be used with seals, which Mr Arizapa
stated were needed for waterproofing, and that sealing washers were supplied
with the roof screws.
32. The respondent also relied on a contention that “heavy duty” is not a term used
in the classification of steel in Australia.
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33. Regarding Mr Arizapa’s claim that the support posts could be “easily bent by an
adult”, the respondent said that if Mr Arizapa was referring to the use of
leverage of an adult’s body weight, a qualified roofer should know that the
minimum purlin needed to support body weight is 100 mm whilst the listing that
was deemed “suitable” stated clearly 50×50 mm posts. The respondent said that
if “easily bent by an adult” was a reference to bending by hand without
leverage, then “this is impossible”.
34. At hearing, Mr Gu relied on Mr Gamble’s letter and the certificate of
compliance from Knight Consulting to contend that if the components described
in those documents were acceptable and satisfactory, then the components
supplied to the applicant must be “more acceptable” because the respondent’s
materials, as supplied to the applicant, are better than those described in
Mr Gamble’s letter and the certificate of compliance. Mr Gu referred by way of
example to the shed displayed in the certificate of compliance having only one
roofing frame in the middle where the shed provided to the applicant had four
frames. Mr Gu tendered a copy of the installation manual entitled “Excel
Garage Workshop” that displays at “step three” the two end frames and two
central frames.
35. Mr Gu also submitted that the framing structures with dimensions
46×46×1.15bmt were “thicker” than those described in the certificate of
compliance and must therefore be satisfactory.
36. Mr Gu submitted that the Tribunal should conclude that the shed described in
the certificate of compliance could not be blown away by wind because Knight
Consulting had certified that “the steel structures in the drawings … shall be
capable of sustaining the most adverse combinations of loads to which it will be
subjected”. Mr Gu submitted that because the structure provided to the applicant
was stronger and thicker than that described in the certificate of compliance, the
Tribunal should conclude that the structure provided to the applicant could also
not be blown away by wind.
37. Mr Gu also submitted that a personal access door 1600 mm high is “adequate”
and that “we fail to understand” why the applicant or Mr Arizapa says otherwise
or what requirements the door “fails to conform with”.
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38. Mr Gu submitted that the garage is fit for purpose because it “fits a vehicle”.
39. Mr Gu submitted that the respondent should not be liable for a refund because
the shed construction had begun and the respondent can no longer re-sell the
shed as new.
40. Mr Gu submitted that the respondent should not be liable for the cost of
delivering the components of the structure from the delivery depot to the
applicant’s house ($146.30) because the applicant arranged for that to occur at
her own initiative and it was neither organised nor authorised by the respondent.
41. Mr Gu submitted that the respondent’s product is “a good product” and that the
respondent has had “very little complaint” about it. Mr Gu submitted, in
summary, that the “mess up” happened because Mr Arizapa did not follow the
installation instructions, probably did not examine the parts and did not do due
diligence.
Consideration
42. The applicant’s claim was succinctly put. She complains that the respondent
advertised a garage, sold its product to her as a garage and that it was not
suitable for use as a garage. She refers to its flimsy construction and, referring
to the evidence of Mr Arizapa and Mr Dikmans, that it was likely to collapse in
a storm or strong wind or if hit by a car when reversing out of the structure. She
contended that the door frame was not fit for purpose because it was too low to
walk through.
43. The applicant’s claim amounts to a claim that the respondent did not comply
with the statutory guarantee under section 54 of the Australian Consumer Law
(ACT) (the ACL)1 that the structure be of “acceptable quality” as defined in
section 54(2). The ACL applies in this matter because the applicant resides in
the ACT.2
44. Section 54 of the ACL states:1 The Fair Trading (Australian Consumer Law) Act 1992 (ACT), section
6(a) relevantly includes the Australian Consumer Law at schedule 2 to the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth), and section 7 permits it to be referred to as The Australian Consumer Law (ACT)
2 Fair Trading (Australian Consumer Law) Act 1992 (ACT ) section 11(1)(c)
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54 Guarantee as to acceptable quality
(1) If:(a) a person supplies, in trade or commerce, goods to a consumer; and(b) the supply does not occur by way of sale by auction;
there is a guarantee that the goods are of acceptable quality.
(2) Goods are of acceptable quality if they are as:(a) fit for all the purposes for which goods of that kind are commonly
supplied; and(b) acceptable in appearance and finish; and(c) free from defects; and(d) safe; and(e) durable;
as a reasonable consumer fully acquainted with the state and condition of the goods (including any hidden defects of the goods), would regard as acceptable having regard to the matters in subsection (3).
(3) The matters for the purposes of subsection (2) are:(a) the nature of the goods; and(b) the price of the goods (if relevant); and(c) any statements made about the goods on any packaging or label on
the goods; and(d) any representation made about the goods by the supplier or
manufacturer of the goods; and(e) any other relevant circumstances relating to the supply of the goods.
(4) If:(a) goods supplied to a consumer are not of acceptable quality; and(b) the only reason or reasons why they are not of acceptable quality
were specifically drawn to the consumer’s attention before the consumer agreed to the supply;
the goods are taken to be of acceptable quality.
(5) If:(a) goods are displayed for sale or hire; and(b) the goods would not be of acceptable quality if they were supplied to
a consumer;the reason or reasons why they are not of acceptable quality are taken, for the purposes of subsection (4), to have been specifically drawn to a consumer’s attention if those reasons were disclosed on a written notice that was displayed with the goods and that was transparent.
(6) Goods do not fail to be of acceptable quality if:(a) the consumer to whom they are supplied causes them to become of
unacceptable quality, or fails to take reasonable steps to prevent them from becoming of unacceptable quality; and
(b) they are damaged by abnormal use.
(7) Goods do not fail to be of acceptable quality if:
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(a) the consumer acquiring the goods examines them before the consumer agrees to the supply of the goods; and
(b) the examination ought reasonably to have revealed that the goods were not of acceptable quality.
45. For the purposes of section 54(1) of the ACL, I find (and it was not disputed):
(a) the respondent is a legal person that supplied, in trade or commerce, goods
(namely the structure) to a consumer (namely the applicant);
(b) the supply did not occur by way of sale by auction; and
(c) the respondent’s supply of the structure was subject to a guarantee that the
goods be of acceptable quality as defined in section 54(2) of the ACL.
46. In issue is whether the applicant has established on the balance of probabilities
that the structure was not of acceptable quality, having regard to the matters set
out in section 54(3). The respondent did not suggest that any of the ‘excuse’
provisions in sections 54(4) – (7) is applicable in this case.
47. In determining whether the structure was of acceptable quality, I considered
whether a reasonable consumer would regard each of the five features of quality
as set out in section 54(2)(a) – (e) was met. Section 54(2) required that
assessment be done, not by reference to a particular consumer (in this case the
applicant) but by applying an objective test.
48. In this case, the applicant contend that the respondent was in breach of the
guarantee because the structure was not “fit for all the purposes for which goods
of that kind of commonly supplied”, per section 54(2)(a), having regard to the
statements made to her in the respondent’s advertisement: section 54(3). In
particular, the advertisement described the product as a “large heavy duty
garage workshop” and depicted a car inside the structure. In my view from this
advertisement, a reasonable consumer would have understood that the product
would be fit for all the purposes of a garage.
49. The respondent accepted that its product was (and is) intended for use as a
garage. Its assembly manual confirms its use for that purpose, again depicting
the constructed structure with a car inside it and the opening words:
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As many request from our customer, we now introduce the Premium Steel WORKSHOP/GARAGE.
50. That the applicant had not stated her purpose or intended use of the structure or
the location where she intended to erect it is irrelevant. Nor does the respondent
suggest that the applicant said something about her intended use that led the
respondent to suggest its product was suitable for the represented use. In any
event, her intended use is consistent with the respondent’s represented case. The
respondent accepts that its product was marketed and sold for use as a garage.
51. The question therefore became whether the structure was fit for use as a garage.
Its fitness for that purpose flowed over to the question whether it was “safe” and
“durable”, per section 54(2)(d) and (e) of the ACL.
52. The applicant led evidence from Mr Arizapa and Mr Dikmans, as detailed
above, as to why the structure was not fit for the purposes of a garage. I need
not repeat that evidence here.
53. The respondent did not call any witness to give evidence that the structure was
fit for use a garage. Instead, the respondent relied upon Mr Gamble’s letter and
the certificate of compliance from Knight Consulting regarding a different
structure and asked the Tribunal to infer from those documents that if the
structure described in those documents is “satisfactory” then so must be the
structure sold to the applicant.
54. I am not prepared to draw the inference that Mr Gu seeks. The Tribunal must
proceed on evidence. If the structure sold to the applicant was fit for purpose as
a garage, it should have been relatively straightforward for the respondent to
call a witness with sufficient expertise or experience to say so, and why. The
fact that some engineering documents describe the structural components of a
different structure as “satisfactory” is beside the point. A witness with sufficient
engineering expertise might have been able to say that if the components
described in Mr Gamble’s letter and the certificate of compliance from Knight
Consulting are satisfactory then so should be the components of the structure
sold to the applicant, and why that was so, but no such witness was called.
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55. Indeed the only comparative evidence on the matter was that given by
Mr Dikmans, who said that he could make no comment about the structural
integrity of the components described in Mr Gamble’s letter and the certificate
of compliance from Knight Consulting; that they were different from the
components sold to the applicant; and that the components sold to the applicant
were not suitable for use as a garage.
56. I also reject Mr Gu’s submission that Mr Arizapa was not a credible witness.
Mr Arizapa gave clear and straightforward evidence explaining why the shed
was flimsy and not safe to use as a work shed or garage. I accept his evidence. It
is illogical that Mr Arizapa would advise the applicant that the shed was not
safe or durable to be used as a garage and advise her to dismantle it, if that
advice was not true and where that advice placed the applicant in the
predicament of having purchased a shed that she then could not use for its
intended purpose.
57. I also reject the respondent’s claim that a doorway into a workshop or garage
that is only 1,600 mm high is “adequate”. Basic common sense, and the fact that
doorways are routinely approximately 2,000 mm high is enough to persuade me
that a doorway that is only 1,600 mm high is inadequate. The respondent
complains that the applicant has not referred to or relied upon any
“requirements” that the doorway has failed “to conform with”. In the face of
such an apparently inadequate height, too low for a grown person of ordinary
height to enter without stooping, and where the respondent is the manufacturer
and supplier of the structure, I would have expected the respondent to have
verified by reference to design requirements that such a height is permissible
before manufacturing the structure and so have been readily able to inform the
Tribunal by reference to those design requirements that such an inadequate
height is nevertheless permissible. The respondent did not leave any such
evidence, and I doubt that such a height is permissible.
58. I reject the respondent’s submission that the applicant’s letter of demand was
“falsified” when changed to reflect the correct purchase of $1,800. Far from
anything being falsified, the change was to correct the stated purchase price to
the true amount.
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59. Mr Gu did not attempt to justify or defend the faults as acceptable. Rather, he
denied the existence of faults and contended that the structure was fit for use as
a garage. On the evidence, I reject that submission.
60. I also reject Mr Gu’s submission that the respondent’s product is “a good
product” and that the respondent has had “very little complaint” about it. The
applicant provided evidence of numerous complaints posted on eBay about the
respondent’s product that similarly described “very flimsy metal sheets”, “a
very poor quality shed” and that “they scammed me into buying the product
directly from them so they could avoid the eBay fees.” I make no findings about
the truth or otherwise of these postings, but they contradict Mr Gu’s contention
that the respondent has had very little complaint about its product.
61. I find that the respondent was in breach of its guarantee under section 54 of the
ACL that the structure, sold as a garage, be of acceptable quality.
Remedy
62. The respondent’s breach of its statutory guarantee does not, by itself, entitle the
applicant to a refund. An entitlement to reject goods and obtain a refund arises
only if the remedy cannot be remedied or is a major failure, and the consumer
(in this case the applicant) rejected the goods before the rejection period has
ended.
63. I am satisfied that these preconditions are met in this case.
64. The insufficient strength of the frame and its defective design for use as a
garage could not be remedied: both were inherent failures of the product.
65. Having regard to the evidence of Mr Dikmans, as set out in paragraph 20 above,
I am satisfied that the insufficient strength of the frame and its defective design
as a garage constituted a major failure as defined in section 260(a) of the ACL,
namely:
the goods would not have been acquired by a reasonable consumer fully acquainted with the nature and extent of the failure
66. The rejection period is defined in section 262(2) of the ACL as follows:
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(2) The rejection period for goods is the period from the time of the supply of the goods to the consumer within which it would be reasonable to expect the relevant failure to comply with a guarantee referred to in section 259(1)(b) to become apparent having regard to:
(a) the type of goods; and
(b) the use to which a consumer is likely to put them; and
(c) the length of time for which it is reasonable for them to be used; and
(d) the amount of use to which it is reasonable for them to be put before such a failure becomes apparent.
67. Where the applicant rejected the structure on the same day that Mr Arizapa
advised her that the structure was not fit for purpose, two days after its delivery,
and as soon as Mr Arizapa realised that it could not be used as a garage and
before construction was completed, it is plain that the applicant rejected the
goods before the rejection period had ended.
68. I reject the respondent’s submission that the applicant was not entitled to return
the goods or obtain a refund because the applicant, through Mr Arizapa, had
partly assembled the structure to such a point that it could no longer be resold
“as new”. The ACL does not preclude a person from obtaining a refund for that
reason, nor should Mr Arizapa have reasonably understood that the product
would not be suitable for use as a garage before beginning to assemble it.
69. For these reasons, I am satisfied that the applicant is entitled to a refund of the
purchase price of the structure ($1,799) and reimbursement of the freight charge
($199).
70. The applicant also seeks an order that the respondent pay or reimburse her for
her costs of delivering the structure’s components from the delivery depot to the
applicant’s address ($146.50) and for Mr Arizapa’s costs of constructing and/or
dismantling the structure ($750).
71. Mr Gu submits that the respondent should not have to pay the delivery costs
because it neither organised nor authorised delivery of the components to the
applicant’s address. Mr Gu did not make any submission as to why the
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respondent should not pay for Mr Arizapa’s costs, but I will infer that the same
submission is made in relation to those costs.
72. In my view, the respondent is liable to pay for the delivery costs and for
Mr Arizapa’s costs.
73. Section 259 of the ACL provides for remedies against the supplier of goods.
Subsection 259(4) of the ACL entitles the applicant to recover for any loss or
damage suffered by her because of the respondent’s failure to comply with its
statutory guarantee. Subsection 259(4) states:
259 Action against suppliers of goods
(1) A consumer may take action under this section if: (a) a person (the supplier ) supplies, in trade or commerce, goods to the
consumer; and (b) a guarantee that applies to the supply under Subdivision A of
Division1 of Part3-2 (other than sections 58 and 59(1)) is not complied with.
(2) ...
(3) ...
(4) The consumer may, by action against the supplier, recover damages for any loss or damage suffered by the consumer because of the failure to comply with the guarantee if it was reasonably foreseeable that the consumer would suffer such loss or damage as a result of such a failure.
(5) Subsection (4) does not apply if the failure to comply with the guarantee occurred only because of a cause independent of human control that occurred after the goods left the control of the supplier.
(6) To avoid doubt, subsection (4) applies in addition to subsections (2) and (3).
(7) the consumer may take action under this section whether or not the goods are in their original packaging.
74. In my view, the applicant’s cost of delivering the structural components from
the depot to her address and then Mr Arizapa’s costs of constructing and/or
dismantling the structure constituted a reasonably foreseeable loss caused
because of the respondent’s failure to comply with its statutory guarantee. The
product was not fit for purpose from the beginning, meaning before it was
delivered to the delivery depot. The applicant incurred costs of bringing it to her
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address and assembling it, both reasonably foreseeable, which were purposeless
from the outset because the structure was never going to be fit for use as a
garage.
75. For this reason, subsection 259(5) is not applicable. The failure to comply with
the guarantee did not occur after the goods left the control of the supplier. It
occurred from when the respondent advertised the product as a garage when it
was not fit for use as a garage. The fact that the loss occurred after the goods
left the control of the respondent supplier is irrelevant.
76. Where the applicant is successful in her claim, I also order the respondent to pay
the filing fee for the application and the search fee.
77. The applicant also seeks, in her statement, the cost of returning the goods to the
company as this would potentially have been covered if she had been given the
opportunity to purchase via PayPal.
78. I do not agree that the respondent should pay the applicant any amount for the
cost of returning the structural components to the respondent. Rather,
notwithstanding the applicant having rejected the goods, the respondent is
required to collect the goods at its expense. Subsections 263(1) – (3) provide:
263 Consequences of rejecting goods
(1) This section applies if, under section 259, a consumer notifies a supplier of goods that the consumer rejects the goods.
(2) The consumer must return the goods to the supplier unless: (a) the goods have already been returned to, or retrieved by, the
supplier; or (b) the goods cannot be returned, removed or transported without
significant cost to the consumer because of:
(i) the nature of the failure to comply with the guarantee to which the rejection relates; or
(ii) the size or height, or method of attachment, of the goods.
(3) If subsection (2)(b) applies, the supplier must, within a reasonable time, collect the goods at the supplier's expense.
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79. In this case, I am satisfied that the structural components of the shed cannot be
returned or transported without significant cost to the applicant, such that she is
not required to return them to the respondent,3 and it is for the respondent to
collect them, within a reasonable time, at its own expense.4
80. The respondent should liaise with the applicant regarding a mutually convenient
time to collect the goods. It would then be for the respondent to decide where it
wishes to take the structural components of the shed. The respondent is required
to collect the goods “within a reasonable time”, which I consider would be no
more than a month in the absence of any advice to the applicant to the contrary.
Accordingly, in my view the applicant would be entitled to dispose of them as
she sees fit without complaint from the respondent if the respondent has not
collected its goods by 1 May 2017 or reached agreement with the applicant for
an alternate date.
Conclusion
81. For these reasons, I will order the respondent to pay the applicant $3,037.30
comprised of $1,799 by way of refund of the purchase price, $199 for the
freight charge for the subject goods, $140.30 for the delivery charge from the
depot to her home, $750 for Mr Arizapa’s costs, $140 for the filing fee and $9
for the search fee.
82. I will give the respondent 28 days within which to pay the amount ordered. If
the total amount owing ($3,037.30) is not paid within 28 days, the applicant
may take enforcement action in the ACT Magistrates Court for non-payment of
the ordered amount.
………………………………..Presidential Member G C McCarthy
3 section 263(2)(b)4 section 263(3)
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HEARING DETAILS
FILE NUMBER: XD 433/2016
PARTIES, APPLICANT: Jean Thomson
PARTIES, RESPONDENT: Excel Intelligent Pty Ltd
COUNSEL APPEARING, APPLICANT N/A
COUNSEL APPEARING, RESPONDENT N/A
SOLICITORS FOR APPLICANT N/A
SOLICITORS FOR RESPONDENT N/A
TRIBUNAL MEMBERS: Presidential Member G C McCarthy
DATE OF HEARING: 3 March 2017
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