act civil & administrative tribunal - acat.act.gov.au web viewin reply, mr glass contended it...
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ACT CIVIL & ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
GLASS v ACT PLANNING AND LAND AUTHORITY & ANOR (Administrative Review) [2016] ACAT 21
AT 94/2015
Catchwords: ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW – interim application seeking order to re-open the process of public notification – whether description in the public notification was incorrect – whether the Tribunal has jurisdiction to hear the application – whether the error in the description published in the public notification caused any practical injustice
Legislation cited: ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2008 s 61Planning and Development Act 2007 ss 120, 121, 153, 154, 155, 162, 407, sch 1
Cases cited: Coutts v Close [2014] FCA 19Re Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs; Ex parte Lam (2003) 214 CLR 1Scurr v Brisbane City Council (1973) 133 CLR 242Walkington & Ors v ACT Planning and Land Authority [2010] ACAT 81
Tribunal: President G McCarthy
Date of Orders: 23 February 2016Date of Reasons for Decision: 21 March 2016
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY )CIVIL & ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL ) AT 94/2015
BETWEEN:
ERIC GLASSApplicant
AND:
ACT PLANNING AND LAND AUTHORITYRespondent
AND:
GOODWIN AGED CARE SERVICES LIMITEDParty Joined
TRIBUNAL: President G McCarthy
DATE: 23 February 2016
ORDERThe Tribunal orders that:
1. The applicant’s interim application dated 12 February 2016 is dismissed.
………………………………..President G McCarthy
REASONS FOR DECISION
1. This matter concerns an application to the Tribunal dated 14 December 2015 for
review of a decision by the respondent, the ACT Planning and Land Authority
(Planning Authority), to approve the development of an aged care facility on
Block 10 Section 7 Farrer. That application is listed for hearing to commence on
30 March 2016.
2. In the meantime, on 12 February 2016 the applicant, Mr Glass, brought an
interim application seeking an order that the Planning Authority re-open the
process of public notification under division 7.3.4 of the Planning and
Development Act 2007 (the P&D Act) on the grounds that the Planning
Authority’s public notification of the proposed development given in July 2015
was inaccurate.
3. I heard the interim application on 19 February 2016. Mr Glass appeared for
himself. Dr Jarvis of counsel appeared for the Planning Authority, instructed by
the Office of the ACT Government Solicitor. Ms Taylor, solicitor, appeared for
Goodwin Aged Care Services Limited (Goodwin), being the Crown lessee of
Block 10.
4. At the commencement of the hearing, Mr Glass sought instead an order that the
Planning Authority’s development approval given on 18 November 2015 be set
aside and that the applicant for development approval be invited to submit an
amended development application, to be publicly notified, which correctly
states the numbers and types of dwellings proposed.
5. On 23 February 2016, I ordered that the interim application is dismissed. The
order took effect that day pursuant to section 61(2) of the ACT Civil and
Administrative Tribunal Act 2008 (the ACAT Act). I gave ex tempore reasons
for my decision, conscious that the substantive application was soon to be
heard, and noted that a formal statement of my reasons for dismissing the
interim application would be published in due course. I now do so.
Factual Background
6. By development application DA2015/27916 dated 2 July 2015 (the DA) at page
3 of 17, the applicant for development approval, on behalf of Goodwin, stated
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the essential elements of its development proposal. These elements relevantly
included:
A new Clubhouse.
154 ILU’s [meaning 154 independent living units] across the site located
in 5 new buildings.
A new 124 bed Residential Aged Care Facility (RACF)
267 car parking spaces.
7. Sections 153, 154 and 155 of the P&D Act provide for different kinds of
notification that must be provided about a proposed development, depending on
the development.
8. Section 153 provides as follows:
153 Public notice to adjoining premises(1) This section applies in relation to a development application if—
(a) the planning and land authority must notify the application under this section; and
(b) a place (the adjoining place) other than unleased land adjoins the place (the developing place) to which the application relates.
(2) If the adjoining place is occupied, the planning and land authority must give written notice of the making of the development application to the registered proprietor of the lease of the adjoining place at the adjoining place.
(3) If the adjoining place is unoccupied, the planning and land authority must give written notice of the making of the development application to the lessee of the adjoining place at the lessee’s last-known address.
(4) The planning and land authority must give a new written notice under subsection (2) or (3) if, before the public notification period ends, the authority—(a) becomes aware that the original notice is defective because its
contents are incorrect, incomplete or include misleading information; and
(b) is satisfied that the defect is likely to—(i) unfavourably affect a person’s awareness of the timing, location
or nature of the development proposal in the application; or(ii) deny or restrict the opportunity of a person to make
representations about the application under section 156.
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(5) However, the planning and land authority need not give public notice under subsection (2), (3) or (4) in relation to an adjoining place that is leased by the applicant or a person for whom the applicant has been appointed to act as agent.Note This section is subject to s 411 and s 412.
(6) The validity of a development approval is not affected by a failure by the planning and land authority to comply with this section.
(7) In this section:adjoins—a place adjoins another place if the place touches the other place, or is separated from the other place only by a road, reserve, river, watercourse or similar division.
registered proprietor—see section 234.
9. Pursuant to section 153, the Planning Authority notified the Crown lessees of
the leases adjoining Block 10 Section 7 Farrer of the proposed development by
means of 51 separate letters sent to those adjoining lessees.
10. Section 154 was not relevant for the purposes of the proposed development.
11. The Planning Authority also notified the proposed development under section
155 of the P&D Act, which provides for ‘major public notification’, by
displaying a sign on Block 10 that stated the proposed development and by
publicly notifying the proposed development in The Canberra Times.
12. Section 155 provides as follows:
155 Major public notification(1) If the planning and land authority must notify a development application
under this section, the authority must do each of the following:(a) display a sign on the place to which the application relates that states
the development proposed to be undertaken; (b) give public notice of the making of the application.Note 1 Public notice means notice on an ACT government website or in a daily
newspaper circulating in the ACT (see Legislation Act, dict, pt 1).
Note 2 This section is subject to s 411 and s 412.
(2) The planning and land authority must display a new sign under subsection (1) (a) if, before the public notification period ends—(a) the authority—
(i) becomes aware that the original sign is defective because its contents are incorrect, incomplete or include misleading information; and
(ii) is satisfied that the defect is likely to—
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(A) unfavourably affect a person’s awareness of the timing, location or nature of the development proposal in the application; or
(B) deny or restrict the opportunity of a person to make representations about the application under section 156; or
(b) the authority becomes aware that a sign was not displayed.(3) Subsection (2) does not apply if a sign is displayed, but is subsequently
moved, altered, damaged, defaced, covered or had access to it prevented.(4) The planning and land authority must publish a new notice under
subsection (1) (b) if, before the public notification period ends—(a) the planning and land authority—
(i) becomes aware that the original notice is defective because its contents are incorrect, incomplete or include misleading information; and
(ii) is satisfied that the defect is likely to—
(A) unfavourably affect a person’s awareness of the timing, location or nature of the development proposal in the application; or
(B) deny or restrict the opportunity of a person to make representations about the application under section 156; or
(b) the authority becomes aware that a notice was not published.(5) A person commits an offence if—
(a) a sign is displayed under subsection (1) (a) or (2); and(b) the person moves, alters, damages, defaces, covers or prevents
access to the sign while it is required to be displayed.
Maximum penalty: 5 penalty units.(6) An offence against subsection (5) is a strict liability offence.(7) Subsection (5) does not apply to a person if the person acts with the
written approval of the chief planning executive.(8) The validity of a development approval is not affected by a failure by the
planning and land authority to comply with this section.
13. The content of the notifications in the 51 letters sent to the adjoining lessees, on
the sign and in The Canberra Times was materially the same. For present
purposes, it is sufficient to quote from the sample notice containing the text
used in the letters sent to the 51 adjoining Crown lessees, which stated:
DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION 201527916:
COMMUNITY FACILITY - GOODWIN AGED CARE – 6 STOREY -
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124 RESIDENTIAL UNITS - 267 CARPARK FACILITY. Demolition
of some existing buildings. Proposed construction of additional 124
bed Residential Aged Care Facility; Club house, 267 car parking
spaces, landscaping and civil works. Removal of trees.
14. The letters to the adjoining lessees, the advertisement in The Canberra Times
and (I assume) the sign placed on Block 10 also stated that the DA was
available for inspection at the Planning Authority’s premises (with its physical
address provided) and could be viewed on the Planning Authority’s website
(with its internet address provided). By either means, anybody having an
interest in the development was able to view the full nature and detail of the
proposed development.
Submissions
15. Mr Glass contended, and the other parties accepted, that the description in the
notifications was incorrect when stating that the DA proposed “124 residential
units” when in fact, under the DA, Goodwin was seeking approval for 154
residential units (meaning independent living units).
16. Mr Glass also contended, which the other parties disputed, that the description
in the notification was also incorrect or at least inaccurate when stating that the
DA proposed a 124 bed Residential Aged Care Facility (RACF) when 42 of the
so- called ‘beds’ in the proposed RACF would be - to use Mr Glass’s term –
‘dwellings’ within the RACF because each would have private living areas
within the RACF.
17. Mr Glass contended that when the 42 ‘dwellings’ in the RACF are added to the
154 proposed ILUs, the total number of residential units proposed under the DA
is 196, not 124 as stated in the three means by which the Planning Authority had
given public notification. This error, Mr Glass said, had so misled the public as
to the true nature of the development proposal that either the public notification
process should be re-opened with a correct description of the proposal or
Goodwin should amend its proposal to reflect that which had been publicly
notified.
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18. Dr Jarvis representing the Planning Authority opposed Mr Glass’ interim
application for several reasons, which I have tried to summarise as follows.
19. Firstly, he said that the error in the public notification, when stating the
development application proposed 124 ILU’s, rather than 154, was not of such a
kind or degree that the Planning Authority needed to give a new written notice
under section 153(4) of the P&D Act.
20. Secondly, he said that even if the Planning Authority should have given a new
written notice under section 153(4) (which was denied), the public notification
period within which this should have occurred ended on 5 August 2015. It
followed, he said, that the Planning Authority’s obligation to give an amended
or new notice was no longer relevant because the public notification period had
ended. It was said that where the Tribunal’s jurisdiction on review extends only
to the exercise of the powers available to the decision maker (and in this case
the Planning Authority), the Tribunal cannot re-issue an amended written notice
after the public notification period has expired in the same way that the
Planning Authority could not do so.
21. Thirdly, notwithstanding the error, he said that if anyone had reviewed the DA
and the numerous accompanying documents that comprised the full DA, all of
which were available to be seen by anybody during the public notification
period, it would have been plain that the DA proposed 154 ILUs not 124. In
support of that submission, he noted that many of those who had made
representations to the Planning Authority in response to the proposed
development, including Mr Glass, were aware of the correct number of
proposed ILUs at the time they made their representations. In support of that
submission, Dr Jarvis asked me to note that 33 people made representations
about the proposed development complaining about its bulk, size and scale but
no one referred to or made complaint about the incorrect statement in the public
notification of 124 units rather than 154, or raised that as an issue in their
response to the DA.
22. Fourthly, even if the Planning Authority had not complied with section 153, the
non-compliance does not affect the validity of the development approval. He
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relied on section 153(6) of the P&D Act. I here note that the Planning Authority
approved the development with conditions on 18 November 2015.
23. Lastly, referring to section 121 of the P&D Act, it was said that the Tribunal’s
scope of review is restricted to reviewing whether the development proposal
complies with ‘the relevant rules’. It was said that the interim application was
not directed to such compliance and sought orders beyond the Tribunal’s
jurisdiction.
24. Ms Taylor adopted the submissions put on behalf of the Planning Authority and
made the further submission that because of the extensive community
consultation that occurred in relation to the proposed development prior to July
2015, all concerned persons were well aware of the proposed development
regardless of the statutory public notification. Ms Taylor acknowledged
however that during this community consultation Goodwin did not disclose that
the proposed development included 154 ILUs rather than 124, nor state how
many ILUs were proposed. Ms Taylor also disputed that the lack of detail in the
Planning Authority’s notification that 42 of the 124 beds in the RACF would
include additional facilities to provide those residents with a greater degree of
independent living did not deflect or defeat anyone’s awareness of the timing,
location or nature of the proposed development or restrict anyone’s ability to
make representations about it, especially where that detail could be seen upon
reviewing the full application.
25. In reply, Mr Glass contended it was not to the point that the development
application disclosed this detail about the RACF. He said that the public
notification was still inaccurate, by referring to beds rather than dwellings, when
in truth ‘dwellings’ is what they would be. I inferred the same submission in
reply regarding the public notification stating 124 rather than 154 ILU’s.
Consideration of the issues
26. The Tribunal is created under statute and its powers arise under statute. This is
particularly relevant to the Tribunal’s administrative review jurisdiction. Under
the P&D Act, chapter 13 and schedule 1, the Tribunal may review only those
decisions that constitute a reviewable decision, as defined in section 407 of the
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P&D Act, and only on application by an eligible entity, also as defined in
section 407 of the Act.
27. Mr Glass did not suggest that the Tribunal is expressly able to review the
Planning Authority’s public notification of the proposed development. He was
right not to do so: schedule 1 to the P&D Act, which lists the reviewable
decisions, does not include a ‘decision’ (if public notification were to be so
characterised) under any of sections 153, 154 and 155 in division 7.3.4 of the
P&D Act.
28. That absence does not by itself exclude the Tribunal’s power to review the
public notification process. Per items 2 – 6 of Schedule 1 to the P&D Act, the
Tribunal has power to review a range of decisions to approve a development
approval that may be made under section 162 of the P&D Act. There are many
what I will call ‘steps along the way’ that bear upon whether a decision under
section 162 was the correct or preferable decision. For example, in reviewing a
decision under section 162, the Tribunal can (and should) consider the track in
which the application was filed, advice received from entities to which the
development application was referred and the many subjective matters to be
considered under section 120 of the P&D Act. In my view, and in answer to the
submission from the respondent and the party joined per paragraph 23 above,
issues of this kind are not beyond the Tribunal’s jurisdiction and are
contemplated under section 121(2)(b) of the P&D Act.
29. The question arising under the interim application is whether compliance with
the public notification requirements under the P&D Act bears upon the Planning
Authority’s approval of the development. If it does, in my view the Tribunal
likewise has power to review compliance with the public notification
requirements when conducting de novo review of the decision. For example, if
the P&D Act provided that approval of a development application is conditional
upon or permits consideration of compliance with the public notification
provisions, then in my view the Tribunal could review that compliance when
reviewing a decision made under section 162.
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30. However, this is mere theory because sections 153(6), 154(6) and 155(8) of the
P&D Act, rather than making development approval in any way dependent upon
compliance with the applicable public notification requirements, instead provide
to the contrary. In each case, those sections state:
The validity of a development approval is not affected by a failure
by the planning and land authority to comply with this section.
31. The consequence is that the Planning Authority’s compliance (or not) with
sections 153, 154 and/or 155 has no bearing on the Tribunal’s review of a
decision under section 162. Sections 153(6), 154(6) and 155(8) mandate that the
validity of a development approval ‘is not affected’ by a failure to comply with
the sections. For that reason, in my view the Tribunal lacks jurisdiction to
review the Planning Authority’s compliance with sections 153, 154 and/or 155.
I was therefore obliged to dismiss the interim application.
32. Notwithstanding my dismissing the interim application for want of jurisdiction,
I do not suggest that the Planning Authority’s compliance with sections 153,
154 and/or 155 is immune from review. As Dr Jarvis properly observed,
Mr Glass might have remedies elsewhere.
33. In Scurr v Brisbane City Council (1973) 133 CLR 242, the High Court ruled
that a decision to approve construction of a building was invalid because the
Brisbane City Council, prior to making its decision, had not complied with
several mandatory procedural requirements concerning the information to be
provided in a notice to the public about the proposed development. The
High Court ruled that the Brisbane City Council’s failure to meet those
mandatory procedural requirements caused members of the public not to
appreciate the size and nature of the development, which in turn (on the
evidence in that case) compromised the rights of any objectors to the proposal.
The Court said:
Moreover, unless adequate information is contained in advertisements not only will effective objection be rendered difficult but the very need to object may not be sufficiently appreciated; a failure to object within the seven days or longer permitted by the section produces serious consequences since the right of appeal to the Local Government Court conferred by sub-s. (3) is limited to those who have "duly objected".
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Accordingly inadequacy of public notice renders nugatory the twin purposes of s. 22, of assisting the council to fulfil its task as a responsible planning authority and of providing those who may be affected by the granting of applications with opportunity to exercise their statutory rights of objection and appeal.
34. An administrative decision may (but need not) be ruled invalid for failure to
comply with procedural requirements that must be met prior to making the
decision. What course to take depends on the nature and significance of the
non-compliance. In Coutts v Close [2014] FCA 19 at [120] the Federal Court
said
It is also now settled that procedural fairness is not an abstract issue; rather, attention needs to be focused on the question whether conduct which is said to be procedurally unfair produced some practical injustice. As Gleeson CJ observed in Lam (2003) 214 CLR 1 at 14:
Fairness is not an abstract concept. It is essentially practical. Whether one talks in terms of procedural fairness or natural justice, the concern of the law is to avoid practical injustice. (Emphasis added).
35. In this case, to address the substance of Mr Glass’ submissions, if the Tribunal
had had jurisdiction to review the Planning Authority’s compliance with
sections 153, 154 and/or 155, I would still have dismissed the interim
application. I am not persuaded that the error in the public notification by
stating 124 rather than 154 ILUs, or the notification not detailing that 42 of the
beds in the RACF would entail private living areas, materially affected or was
likely to affect anyone’s awareness of, relevantly, the nature of the
development, per section 153(4)(b)(i) or restrict anyone’s opportunity to make
representations about the development, per section 153(4)(b)(ii). To adopt the
High Court’s phrasing in Lam, in my view the error did not cause any practical
injustice.
36. Two issues were determinative of my conclusion.
37. Firstly, the notices sent to the adjoining lessees and others, the sign on Block 10
and the advertisement in The Canberra Times made clear that the proposed
development was a significant development involving residential aged care
accommodation for over 200 people. The notices and sign informed persons that
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were interested in the development that the full application could be viewed at
the Planning Authority’s premises or on its website.
38. The descriptions in the public notifications, taken as a whole, propose a very
substantial development on a large block of land for a stated purpose. In the
wider scheme of things, as Dr Jarvis pointed out in his submissions, the
objections were (and remain) to its bulk, size and scale. I am not persuaded that
anyone would have responded differently to the proposal had they known that
the developer intended 154 rather than 124 ILUs, that being only one part of the
overall development. When one takes the full scale of what is involved into
account, and where the correct number of ILU’s could be readily noted by
reading the DA, I consider the error was of minor importance in the wider
scheme of what is proposed.
39. I take a similar view regarding the 42 ‘beds’ in the RACF, which the developer
proposes will entail some private accommodation to enable more independent
living for those using those 42 beds than will be available to those using the
remaining 82 beds. Details of this kind, for public notification purposes, in my
view are not material. That the RACF proposes 124 beds was accurate. The
details of other proposed facilities within the RACF could be readily ascertained
by reading the application. They include many facilities in addition to the
facilities that will enable more independent living for 42 of the 124 intended
residents in the RACF. The description ‘124 bed’ is simply an overall
description to give an indicator of the size and scale of the RACF similar to the
way a hospital is sometimes described by reference to its number of beds to give
a broad understanding of the size of the hospital. The five line descriptor of the
proposed development, as published in The Canberra Times and in the letters to
the adjoining lessees, was intended to give no more than that broad indicator of
what was intended, and I therefore reject the submission that the RACF was
inaccurately described.
40. Secondly, public notification was to inform persons about the proposed
development in a manner sufficient to enable those who wished to object to do
so. That purpose was achieved, and Mr Glass (on behalf of many others) is
exercising his rights of review in this proceeding. There is no evidence of
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anyone who would have objected, but for the error in the public notification as
to the number of proposed ILU’s or lack of detail about the 42 beds in the
RACF, and who is now ‘shut out’ from seeking review of the approval.
41. Before concluding my reasons, I deal with two ancillary matters arising from
the submissions.
42. Firstly, I accept the submission that the Planning Authority was not obliged to
give a new written notification under section 153(4) or display a new sign under
section 155(4) – assuming it became aware of the error before the public
notification ended. I accept that the original notice and sign were ‘incorrect’,
such that section 153(4)(a) and 155(2)(a)(i) were engaged. However, for the
reasons given in paragraphs 37 – 40 above, if the Tribunal had had jurisdiction
so to determine, I would not have been satisfied of the circumstances set out in
sections 153(4)(b)(i) or (ii) or sections 155(2)(a)(ii)(A) or (B), respectively.
43. Secondly, Mr Glass submitted that the defective notices was in some respects
similar to that of an amended development application, as was considered by the
Tribunal in Walkington & Ors v ACT Planning and Land Authority [2010]
ACAT 81. I reject that submission. Walkington concerned the limits on the
Planning Authority, under sections 144, 145 and 146 of the P&D Act, to permit
a developer to amend a development proposal after the development application
had been made and notified. Those limits on the Planning Authority apply
equally to the Tribunal on review. That is not this case. As Ms Taylor noted,
Goodwin did not seek any change or amendment to its proposed development
before or after approval was granted and does not do so now in these review
proceedings before the Tribunal. The question of whether an amended proposal
is permissible without fresh public notification, being the question arising in
Walkington, therefore does not arise in this case.
………………………………..President G McCarthy
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HEARING DETAILS
FILE NUMBER: AT 94/15
PARTIES, APPLICANT: Eric Glass
PARTIES, RESPONDENT: ACT Planning and Land Authority
PARTY JOINED Goodwin Aged Care Services Limited
COUNSEL APPEARING, APPLICANT N/A
COUNSEL APPEARING, RESPONDENT Dr Jarvis
COUNSEL APPEARING, PARTY JOINED
N/A
SOLICITORS FOR APPLICANT N/A
SOLICITORS FOR RESPONDENT ACT Government Solicitor
SOLICITORS FOR PARTY JOINED Ms Taylor
TRIBUNAL MEMBERS: President G C McCarthy
DATES OF HEARING: 19 February 2016
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