acoustics i: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · building acoustics...
TRANSCRIPT
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
Acoustics I:building acoustics
Kurt Heutschi2013-01-25
![Page 2: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
introduction
![Page 3: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
introduction
I building acoustics → noise abatement in buildings(suppression of noise from neighbors)
I annoying sound is radiated by walls or ceilings
I excitation of these surfaces:I airborne sound sources such as e.g. voices,
loudspeakersI structure borne sound → vibration sources such as
e.g. footsteps
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
introduction
I material properties regarding suppression of airbornesound transmission → airborne sound insulation
I material properties regarding suppression ofstructure borne sound transmission → impact soundinsulation
![Page 5: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
airborne sound insulation
![Page 6: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
airborne sound insulationexperiment:
I airborne sound insulation: capability of a structureto suppress the transmission of sound that wasexcited by airborne sound
![Page 7: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
airborne sound insulation
I sound insulation index R (independent of the area!):
R = 10 log
(P1
P2
)[dB]
whereP1: incident sound power on the sender sideP2: sound power that is radiated by the rear side of thestructure
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
airborne sound insulation
I measurement of R :
P1 =
p21
ρc
4S
p1: sound pressure in sender roomS : area of the structure under consideration
P2 =
p22
ρc
4A2
p2: sound pressure in the receiving roomA2: total absorption in the receiving room = 0.16V2/T2
![Page 9: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
airborne sound insulation
from above follows:
R = 10 logp2
1
p22
+ 10 logS
A2
and finally:
R = L1 − L2 + 10 log
(S
A2
)[dB]
with:L1: average sound pressure level in the sender room (inthird octaves)L2: average sound pressure level in the receiving room (inthird octaves)
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
airborne sound insulation
I sound insulation index R is frequency dependent
I weighting of the frequency response with areference curve → single value: rated soundinsulation index Rw
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
sound insulation of singlewalls
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
sound insulation of single walls
I for plates, R depends on:I area specific mass m′′
I thicknessI density
I modulus of elasticityI frequency
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
sound insulation of single wallstypical frequency dependency of R :
region A mass law: R = 20 log(f ·m′′)− 47 [dB]
region B coincidence collapse f(φ):λbending:wave:plate = λprojection:air:borne:sound:wave
region C above coincidence, increase about 25dB/decade
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
sound insulation of doublewalls
![Page 15: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
sound insulation of double walls
I construction:I wall 1 + spacing (usually air) + wall 2I assumption of piston movement of walls: mass +
spring + mass
I → resonance leads to a collapse of sound insulation
I above resonance massive increase of soundinsulation with frequency
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
standard sound pressurelevel difference
![Page 17: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
standard sound pressure level difference
I disturbance relative to a noisy neighbor depends onI sound insulation index R of the structural elementsI common area F of the structural elementsI absorption, respectively reverberation of the
receiving room → normalized to 0.5 s
I → Standard sound pressure level difference DnT
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
standard sound pressure level difference
it can be found:
DnT = R + 10 log
(V
F
)− 4.9
with:V : room volume of the receiving room [m3]F : common area
I rated sound insulation index Rw → rated standardsound pressure level difference DnT ,w
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
impact sound insulation
![Page 20: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
impact sound insulation
I excitation by hammers → standardized tappingmachine
I hammers of specified weightI specified falling heightI specified excitation frequency
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
impact sound insulation
I measurement of average sound pressure level Li inthird octaves in the receiver room
I calculation of standard impact sound level Ln inthird octaves: total absorption of 10 m2 in thereceiving room is assumed
Ln = Li − 10 log
(10Ti
0.163V
)where:V : volume of the receiving room [m3]Ti : reverberation time in the receiving room in thirdoctaves
I translation into single value Ln,w analogous tosound insulation index by using a reference curve.
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
Swiss standard SIA 181
![Page 23: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
SIA 181: Noise protection in buildings
I SIA 181: defines building acoustical requirementsaccording to state of the art in building technology
I noise protection defined for two classes:I minimal requirements
I have to be fulfilled alwaysI elevated requirements
I have to be applied for single family houses thatare built together
I may be applied in other situations withagreement by contract
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
SIA 181: Noise protection in buildings
I requirements defined as limiting values forI sound pressure level differences for
I exterior airborne soundI interior airborne sound
I impact sound
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
SIA 181: Noise protection in buildings
I two dimensional scheme of limiting values:I first dimension: intensity of the sourceI second dimension: degree of sensitivity of the
inhabitants for a certain usage of the room
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
construction hints for goodbuilding acoustical
conditions
![Page 27: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
construction hints for good building
acoustical conditions
arrangement of rooms:
I suitable arrangement of rooms may help to avoidnoise problems
I good strategy: no rooms with different usage nextto each other (horizontally and vertically)
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
construction hints for good building
acoustical conditions
doors and windows:
I typical maximum sound insulation of doors andwindows: 35 to 40 dB
I usually significantly weaker than walls
I for elevated requirements special constructions haveto be used
![Page 29: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
construction hints for good building
acoustical conditions
leakage:
I already small openings (cracks) reduce soundinsulation between adjacent rooms drastically
I typical leakage elements: lead-throughs for cables orventilation ducts
![Page 30: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
construction hints for good building
acoustical conditions
floating floors:
I bad idea to put walls directly on concrete floor →high structure borne sound transmission
I remedy: floating floors:I put layer of low stiffness on the concrete floorI floating top cover without contact to walls
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Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
movie Cremer / Frobe
![Page 32: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
movie Cremer / Frobe
Lehrfilm Cremer Frobe - Teil 1Lehrfilm Cremer Frobe - Teil 2
![Page 33: Acoustics I: building acoustics - people.ee.ethz.chisistaff/courses/ak1/... · Building acoustics introduction airborne sound insulation single walls double walls standard sound pressure](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042503/5f42394dbdeb344233280922/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Building acoustics
introduction
airborne soundinsulation
single walls
double walls
standard soundpressure leveldifference
impact soundinsulation
SIA 181
construction hints
movie Cremer /Frobe
back
eth-acoustics-1